Citation:

PANGAEA.990160

Name: X-ray fluorescence core scanning (XRF-CS) data of a sediment core from Lake Alchichica (Puebla, Mexico)
Published: 2026-06-05
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Anthropocene; biogeochemistry; Carbon accumulation; crater lake; Lake sediment; Mexico; Primary production; Tropical

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

Published: 2026-06-05 • DOI registered: 2026-07-04

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Abstract:

X-ray fluorescence core scanning (XRF-CS) data of sediment core LAc22-1 retrieved from Lake Alchichica in April 2022. Scans were performed with a 2 mm step size and 20 seconds dwell time. The elemental data were transformed using the centered log-ratio (clr) method and thereafter min-max normalized. The analysis yielded the ratio of Compton (incoherent) to Rayleigh (coherent) scattering (Inc/coh) that can be used as an indicator of sediment organic matter content. The measurements extend back to the late 1800s. Ages were estimated using Pb-210 dating and Bayesian age-depth modeling.

Keyword(s):

Anthropocene; biogeochemistry; Carbon accumulation; crater lake; Lake sediment; Mexico; Primary production; Tropical

Supplement to:

Rantala, Marttiina V; Israde-Alcántara, Isabel; Safaierad, Reza; Mattielli, Nadine; Tylmann, Wojciech; Smol, John P; Grooms, Christopher; Lepoint, Gilles; Francus, Pierre; Metcalfe, Sarah; Etmański, Paweł; Fagel, Nathalie (2026): Increasing lake primary production and organic carbon sequestration in tropical Mexican lakes during the past century. CATENA, 273, 110448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2026.110448

References:

Aquino-Lopez, Marco A; Blaauw, Maarten; Christen, Andrés; Sanderson, Nicole K (2018): Bayesian Analysis of 210Pb Dating. Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics, 23(3), 317-333, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-018-0328-7

Funding:

Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), grant/award no. PDR T.0079.21: Holocene Mexican Crater Lakes and Climate (HolMeCl)

Coverage:

Latitude: 19.410556 * Longitude: -97.403889

Date/Time Start: 2022-04-12T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2022-04-12T00:00:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.000 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.150 m

Event(s):

LAc22-1 * Latitude: 19.410556 * Longitude: -97.403889 * Date/Time: 2022-04-12T00:00:00 * Elevation: 2322.0 m * Location: Lake Alchichica, Puebla, Mexico * Method/Device: Sediment corer, UWITEC

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Rantala, Marttiina V		Geocode
2	Age	Age	a AD/CE	Rantala, Marttiina V	Bayesian age model, according to Aquino-López et al. (2018)	Plum version 0.5.1 by Aquino-López et al. (2018, doi:10.1007/s13253-018-0328-7).
3	AGE	Age	ka BP	Rantala, Marttiina V		Geocode
4	Silicon (centered log ratio)	Si (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
5	Chlorine (centered log ratio)	Cl (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
6	Potassium (centered log ratio)	K (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
7	Calcium (centered log ratio)	Ca (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
8	Titanium (centered log ratio)	Ti (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
9	Chromium (centered log ratio)	Cr (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
10	Manganese (centered log ratio)	Mn (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
11	Iron (centered log ratio)	Fe (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
12	Nickel (centered log ratio)	Ni (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
13	Copper (centered log ratio)	Cu (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
14	Germanium (centered log ratio)	Ge (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
15	Strontium (centered log ratio)	Sr (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
16	Zirconium (centered log ratio)	Zr (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
17	Tantalum (centered log ratio)	Ta (CLR)		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax	Clr-transformed and min-max normalized.
18	Scattering ratio, incoherent/coherent	icoh/coh scat		Rantala, Marttiina V	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF), Cox Analytical Systems, Itrax

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1215 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Depth sed [m]	2 Age [a AD/CE]	3 Age [ka BP]	4 Si (CLR)	5 Cl (CLR)	6 K (CLR)	7 Ca (CLR)	8 Ti (CLR)	9 Cr (CLR)	10 Mn (CLR)	11 Fe (CLR)	12 Ni (CLR)	13 Cu (CLR)	14 Ge (CLR)	15 Sr (CLR)	16 Zr (CLR)	17 Ta (CLR)	18 icoh/coh scat
0.000	2022.30	-0.072300000	0.38	0.89	0.60	0.00		0.84	0.67	0.79	0.69	0.29	0.81	0.10	0.39	0.94	8.41
0.002	2020.30	-0.070300000	0.45	0.72	0.57	0.30	0.13	0.42	0.89	0.64	0.82	0.55	0.65	0.33	0.21	0.76	8.64
0.004	2018.40	-0.068400000	0.28	0.77	0.54	0.48	0.54	0.85	0.80	0.68	0.53	0.22	0.61	0.60	0.29	0.90	7.86
0.006	2016.40	-0.066400000	0.29	1.00	0.62	0.43	0.38	0.40	0.70	0.57	0.49	0.35	0.82	0.30	0.28	0.82	8.07
0.008	2014.50	-0.064500000	0.49	0.65	1.00	0.63	0.54	0.00	0.72	0.85	0.27	0.74	0.41	0.30	0.23	0.73	7.94
0.010	2012.60	-0.062600000	0.64	0.55	0.90	0.74	0.71	0.09	0.84	0.81	0.00	0.27	0.78	0.43	0.38	0.39	8.25
0.012	2010.60	-0.060600000	0.42	0.43	0.98	0.76	0.71	0.57	0.74	0.85	0.04	0.32	0.68	0.38	0.34	0.48	7.66
0.014	2008.60	-0.058600000	0.64	0.55	0.95	0.76	0.54	0.60	0.89	0.89	0.07	0.33	0.34	0.35	0.54	0.50	7.73
0.016	2006.60	-0.056600000	1.00	0.52	0.87	0.43	1.00	0.48	1.00	1.00	0.24	0.56	0.00	0.18	0.63	0.00	8.87
0.018	2004.70	-0.054700000	0.55	0.51	0.65	0.15	0.79	0.64	0.84	0.70	0.38	0.68	0.59	0.05	0.27	0.35	8.38
0.020	2002.70	-0.052700000	0.36	0.49	0.67	0.09	0.58	0.52	0.75	0.85	0.42	0.69	0.58	0.13	0.38	0.68	8.73
0.022	2000.70	-0.050700000	0.54	0.65	0.68	0.20	0.83	0.18	0.70	0.83	0.09	0.65	0.52	0.18	0.54	0.61	8.53
0.024	1998.80	-0.048800000	0.70	0.52	0.52	0.20	0.67	0.40	0.61	0.74	0.38	0.37	0.71	0.13	0.60	0.66	8.55
0.026	1996.90	-0.046900000	0.58	0.72	0.24	0.02	0.54	0.45	0.46	0.49	0.69	0.60	0.88	0.00	0.42	0.56	8.55
0.028	1994.90	-0.044900000	0.65	0.54	0.57	0.30	0.56	0.45	0.48	0.66	0.76	0.53	0.43	0.40	0.46	0.87	8.35
0.030	1993.00	-0.043000000	0.48	0.77	0.54	0.33	0.60	0.39	0.41	0.62	0.51	0.44	0.78	0.55	0.20	0.84	9.25
0.032	1991.70	-0.041700000	0.70	0.51	0.38	0.37	0.75	1.00	0.21	0.51	0.73	0.65	0.43	0.35	0.26	0.65	8.95
0.034	1990.40	-0.040400000	0.05	0.58	0.35	0.48	0.56	0.39	0.36	0.53	0.64	0.56	0.83	0.53	0.68	0.79	9.14
0.036	1989.10	-0.039100000	0.59	0.43	0.59	0.39	0.67	0.43	0.11	0.49	0.18	0.64	0.90	0.30	0.13	0.95	9.23
0.038	1987.80	-0.037800000	0.40	0.40	0.70	0.65	0.71	0.24	0.43	0.72	0.58	0.00	0.92	0.75	0.51	0.97	8.50
0.040	1986.60	-0.036600000	0.32	0.52	0.73	0.57	0.71	0.40	0.59	0.68	0.69	0.15	0.68	0.67	0.52	0.90	8.32
0.042	1985.00	-0.035000000	0.46	0.66	0.59	0.17	0.69	0.46	0.39	0.49	0.40	0.58	0.72	0.35	0.56	0.50	8.74
0.044	1983.50	-0.033500000	0.47	0.74	0.51	0.26	0.90	0.07	0.44	0.68	0.20	0.38	0.58	0.45	1.00	0.79	9.14
0.046	1982.00	-0.032000000	0.59	0.63	0.67	0.35	0.85	0.33	0.30	0.66	0.42	0.51	0.59	0.45	0.31	0.90	8.52
0.048	1980.50	-0.030500000	0.65	0.77	0.71	0.61	0.85	0.42	0.25	0.66	0.36	0.67	0.28	0.75	0.21	0.73	8.52
0.050	1979.00	-0.029000000	0.25	0.65	0.63	0.48	0.60	0.78	0.38	0.62	0.47	0.78	0.39	0.60	0.56	0.39	8.37
0.052	1977.50	-0.027500000	0.27	0.40	0.48	0.28	0.67	0.45	0.25	0.62	0.40	0.55	0.68	0.53	0.84	0.82	9.16
0.054	1975.90	-0.025900000	0.33	0.62	0.44	0.35	0.67	0.40	0.28	0.57	0.44	0.72	0.66	0.62	0.49	0.63	8.66
0.056	1974.40	-0.024400000	0.49	0.58	0.40	0.33	0.79	0.54	0.38	0.53	0.24	0.65	0.39	0.62	0.77	0.76	9.03
0.058	1972.80	-0.022800000	0.41	0.49	0.40	0.33	0.79	0.45	0.18	0.36	0.49	0.73	0.86	0.75	0.34	0.42	8.55
0.060	1971.30	-0.021300000	0.75	0.58	0.33	0.07	0.58	0.22	0.15	0.19	0.64	0.63	0.76	0.55	0.43	0.94	8.75
0.062	1969.50	-0.019500000	0.51	0.49	0.46	0.20	0.69	0.09	0.20	0.40	0.69	0.79	0.61	0.67	0.72	0.53	8.63
0.064	1967.80	-0.017800000	0.69	0.58	0.29	0.00	0.58	0.81	0.13	0.34	0.58	0.56	0.89	0.45	0.19	0.73	8.72
0.066	1966.00	-0.016000000	0.50	0.51	0.41	0.15	0.81	0.48	0.07	0.30	0.53	0.74	0.86	0.50	0.31	0.63	9.42
0.068	1964.30	-0.014300000	0.60	0.62	0.48	0.24	0.65	0.63	0.25	0.47	0.71	0.78	0.42	0.43	0.49	0.53	9.21
0.070	1962.50	-0.012500000	0.52	0.68	0.57	0.28	0.81	0.69	0.11	0.55	0.58	0.50	0.78	0.45	0.00	0.87	9.41
0.072	1961.10	-0.011100000	0.39	0.20	0.54	0.33	0.75	0.76	0.30	0.55	0.31	0.58	0.85	0.53	0.44	0.58	9.83
0.074	1959.70	-0.009700000	0.77	0.52	0.63	0.41	0.79	0.69	0.36	0.68	0.62	0.54	0.02	0.58	0.74	0.69	8.38
0.076	1958.30	-0.008300000	0.32	0.40	0.54	0.41	0.58	0.54	0.34	0.66	0.67	0.50	0.94	0.43	0.18	0.77	8.82
0.078	1956.90	-0.006900000	0.52	0.58	0.71	0.61	0.98	0.16	0.51	0.72	0.33	0.66	0.28	0.67	0.48	0.71	9.05
0.080	1955.40	-0.005400000	0.65	0.46	0.52	0.59	0.48	0.66	0.15	0.43	0.71	0.56	0.77	0.55	0.28	0.45	9.15
0.082	1953.60	-0.003600000	0.29	0.40	0.81	0.85	0.81	0.34	0.25	0.72	0.11	0.83	0.55	0.77	0.36	0.40	8.24
0.084	1951.80	-0.001800000	0.53	0.43	0.65	0.65	0.73	0.75	0.25	0.53	0.29	0.80	0.50	0.72	0.20	0.40	8.66
0.086	1950.00	0.000000000	0.83	0.38	0.43	0.43	0.63	0.43	0.20	0.28	0.36	0.56	0.70	0.48	0.56	0.69	8.08
0.088	1948.10	0.001900000	0.14	0.38	0.40	0.67	0.69	0.57	0.23	0.51	0.47	0.60	0.95	0.77	0.31	0.63	8.10
0.090	1946.30	0.003700000	0.76	0.40	0.49	0.80	0.71	0.40	0.20	0.53	0.27	0.65	0.32	0.97	0.58	0.61	8.72
0.092	1944.20	0.005800000	0.34	0.42	0.43	0.96	0.54	0.13	0.16	0.36	0.58	0.42	0.93	0.97	0.61	0.63	8.34
0.094	1942.10	0.007900000	0.59	0.28	0.59	0.76	0.27	0.79	0.00	0.34	0.49	0.50	0.68	0.77	0.73	0.44	8.79
0.096	1940.00	0.010000000	0.67	0.34	0.46	0.74	0.44	0.49	0.13	0.26	0.78	0.65	0.47	0.92	0.43	0.81	8.84
0.098	1937.90	0.012100000	0.48	0.45	0.19	0.65	0.13	0.94	0.15	0.26	0.53	0.60	0.57	0.87	0.66	0.85	9.02
0.100	1935.80	0.014200000	0.62	0.15	0.60	0.80	0.71	0.51	0.16	0.57	0.53	0.46	0.41	0.75	0.77	0.81	9.00
0.102	1933.30	0.016700000	0.58	0.35	0.49	0.76	0.44	0.33	0.26	0.30	0.67	0.60	0.32	0.82	0.82	1.00	9.02
0.104	1930.90	0.019100000	0.74	0.43	0.37	0.72	0.33	0.00	0.23	0.15	0.78	0.67	0.74	0.82	0.40	0.73	8.83
0.106	1928.40	0.021600000	0.67	0.38	0.10	0.48	0.27	0.40	0.20	0.00	0.76	1.00	0.58	0.75	0.42	0.76	9.06
0.108	1925.90	0.024100000	0.40	0.46	0.16	0.57	0.44	0.43	0.26	0.13	1.00	0.57	0.80	0.75	0.56	0.76	8.52
0.110	1923.50	0.026500000	0.43	0.31	0.35	0.54	0.29	0.97	0.10	0.17	0.84	0.70	0.63	0.82	0.53	0.58	7.80
0.112	1921.00	0.029000000	0.61	0.48	0.43	0.63	0.52	0.51	0.15	0.23	0.47	0.37	0.82	0.72	0.50	0.85	9.32
0.114	1918.50	0.031500000	0.62	0.55	0.29	0.74	0.50	0.40	0.08	0.30	0.76	0.34	0.83	0.85	0.36	0.94	8.70
0.116	1916.00	0.034000000	0.57	0.48	0.37	0.83	0.50	0.43	0.23	0.30	0.89	0.74	0.56	0.80	0.19	0.66	9.05
0.118	1913.50	0.036500000	0.00	0.38	0.56	0.78	0.56	0.73	0.07	0.36	0.56	0.61	0.88	0.82	0.32	0.82	8.54
0.120	1911.00	0.039000000	0.20	0.35	0.57	0.87	0.69	0.76	0.25	0.51	1.00	0.33	0.74	1.00	0.09	0.94	9.14
0.122	1908.50	0.041500000	0.39	0.38	0.24	0.61	0.50	0.25	0.31	0.30	0.69	0.76	0.84	0.67	0.21	0.90	9.18
0.124	1905.90	0.044100000	0.52	0.25	0.43	0.46	0.40	0.97	0.34	0.26	0.71	0.66	0.67	0.58	0.24	0.76	8.38
0.126	1903.30	0.046700000	0.79	0.25	0.48	0.46	0.54	0.48	0.39	0.49	0.20	0.77	0.41	0.60	0.60	0.68	8.83
0.128	1900.70	0.049300000	0.24	0.00	0.37	0.72	0.81	0.46	0.57	0.60	0.62	0.56	0.82	0.80	0.27	0.81	8.86
0.130	1898.10	0.051900000	0.34	0.46	0.44	0.65	0.00	0.21	0.16	0.28	0.98	0.82	0.93	0.60	0.48	0.37	9.39
0.132	1895.50	0.054500000	0.10	0.12	0.37	0.65	0.40	0.48	0.16	0.34	0.33	0.86	1.00	0.72	0.66	0.44	8.67
0.134	1892.90	0.057100000	0.75	0.18	0.00	0.46	0.48	0.63	0.26	0.06	0.42	0.63	0.83	0.60	0.62	0.76	8.36
0.136	1890.30	0.059698701	0.45	0.14	0.19	0.61	0.67	0.82	0.48	0.26	0.93	0.69	0.43	0.75	0.43	0.89	8.16
0.138	1887.70	0.062296104	0.77	0.12	0.17	0.63	0.40	0.60	0.26	0.34	0.60	0.69	0.72	0.67	0.56	0.39	7.92
0.140	1885.11	0.064893506	0.32	0.57	0.52	0.78	0.58	0.72	0.59	0.64	0.27	0.67	0.13	0.80	0.82	0.63	8.56
0.142	1882.51	0.067490909	0.31	0.03	0.67	1.00	0.83	0.40	0.34	0.66	0.58	0.67	0.45	0.92	0.33	0.85	8.50
0.144	1879.91	0.070088312	0.06	0.20	0.65	0.76	0.58	0.34	0.28	0.57	0.60	0.74	0.79	0.72	0.69	0.29	8.37
0.146	1877.31	0.072685714	0.61	0.28	0.63	0.67	0.48	0.63	0.31	0.57	0.47	0.67	0.51	0.70	0.28	0.73	8.31
0.148	1874.72	0.075283117	0.45	0.17	0.68	0.70	0.58	0.37	0.21	0.62	0.67	0.81	0.51	0.75	0.47	0.52	8.28
0.150	1872.12	0.077880519	0.48	0.14	0.83	0.72	0.54	0.42	0.31	0.60	0.42	0.90	0.66	0.72	0.09	0.39	8.57