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Wall, Alexander Forster: Hydrological interpretations from tropical Australian environmental archives [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.989983 (dataset in review), In: Wall, AF: Chronology and hydrological interpretations of tropical Australian environmental archives (0–130 ka) [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.989939 (dataset in review)

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Abstract:
A harmonised table of interpreted hydrological periods and climate signals for each archive. This includes earliest/latest age anchors, their calibrated equivalents, resolution metrics, and qualitative hydrological classifications.
Keyword(s):
age-depth model; Australia; Holocene; Hydroclimate; OSL; palaeoclimate; Radiocarbon
Source:
Allen, K J; Freund, M B; Palmer, J G; Simkin, R; Williams, L; Brookhouse, M; Cook, E R; Stewart, S; Baker, P J (2020): Hydroclimate extremes in a north Australian drought reconstruction asymmetrically linked with Central Pacific Sea surface temperatures. Global and Planetary Change, 195, 103329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103329
Bird, Michael I; Brand, Michael; Comley, Rainy; Hadeen, Xennephone; Jacobs, Zenobia; Rowe, Cassandra; Saltré, Frédérik; Wurster, Christopher M; Zwart, Costijn; Bradshaw, Corey J A (2025): A 150,000-year lacustrine record of the Indo-Australian monsoon from northern Australia. Quaternary Science Reviews, 366, 109504, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109504
Bowler, J M; Duller, G A T; Perret, N; Prescott, J R; Wyrwoll, Karl-Heinz (1998): Hydrologic changes in monsoonal climates of the last glacial cycle: stratigraphy and lumenescence dating of Lake Woods, N.T., Australia. Palaeoclimates, 3 (1-3), 179-207
Bowler, James M; Wyrwoll, Karl-Heinz; Yanchou, Lu (2001): Variations of the northwest Australian summer monsoon over the last 300,000 years: the paleohydrological record of the Gregory (Mulan) Lakes System. Quaternary International, 83-85, 63-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00031-3
Denniston, R F; Asmerom, Y; Polyak, V J; Wanamaker, A D Jr; Ummenhofer, C C; Humphreys, W F; Cugley, John; Woods, David; Lucker, S (2017): Decoupling of monsoon activity across the northern and southern Indo-Pacific during the Late Glacial. Quaternary Science Reviews, 176, 101-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.09.014
Denniston, Rhawn F; Villarini, Gabriele; Gonzales, Angelique N; Wyrwoll, Karl-Heinz; Polyak, Victor J; Ummenhofer, Caroline C; Lachniet, Matthew S; Wanamaker, Alan D Jr; Humphreys, William F; Woods, David; Cugley, John (2015): Extreme rainfall activity in the Australian tropics reflects changes in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation over the last two millennia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(15), 4576-4581, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422270112
Denniston, Rhawn F; Wyrwoll, Karl-Heinz; Asmerom, Yemane; Polyak, Victor J; Humphreys, William F; Cugley, John; Woods, David; LaPointe, Zachary; Peota, Julian; Greaves, Elizabeth (2013): North Atlantic forcing of millennial-scale Indo-Australian monsoon dynamics during the Last Glacial period. Quaternary Science Reviews, 72, 159-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.04.012
Dixon, Teresa; Rudd, Rachel; Kemp, Justine; Marx, Samuel K; Moss, Patrick T; Callow, John Nikolaus; Hall, Philip Anthony; Hua, Quan; McGowan, Hamish A (2025): Hydroclimate variability in the eastern Kimberley, Australia, since the last deglaciation. Journal of Quaternary Science, 40(5), 893-912, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3710
English, P; Spooner, N A; Chappell, J; Questiaux, D G; Hill, N G (2001): Lake Lewis basin, central Australia: environmental evolution and OSL chronology. Quaternary International, 83-85, 81-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00032-5
Field, Emily; McGowan, Hamish A; Moss, Patrick T; Marx, Samuel K (2017): A late Quaternary record of monsoon variability in the northwest Kimberley, Australia. Quaternary International, 449, 119-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.02.019
Field, Emily; Tyler, Jonathan James; Gadd, Patricia S; Moss, Patrick T; McGowan, Hamish A; Marx, Samuel K (2018): Coherent patterns of environmental change at multiple organic spring sites in northwest Australia: Evidence of Indonesian-Australian summer monsoon variability over the last 14,500 years. Quaternary Science Reviews, 196, 193-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.07.018
Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E; Miller, G H; Spooner, N A; Magee, John W (2012): Aridity in the monsoon zone as indicated by desert dune formation in the Gregory Lakes basin, northwestern Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 59(4), 469-478, https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2012.686171
Jennings, J N (1975): Desert dunes and estuarine fill in the Fitzroy estuary (North-Western Australia). CATENA, 2, 215-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(75)80015-4
Kuhnt, Wolfgang; Holbourn, Ann E; Xu, Jian; Opdyke, Bradley N; De Deckker, Patrick; Röhl, Ursula; Mudelsee, Manfred (2015): Southern Hemisphere control on Australian monsoon variability during the late deglaciation and Holocene. Nature Communications, 6, 5916, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6916
Lees, Brian G; Hayne, Matthew; Price, David M (1993): Marine transgression and dune initiation on western Cape York, northern Australia. Marine Geology, 114(1-2), 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90040-3
Lees, Brian G; Yanchou, Lu; Head, John (1990): Reconnaissance Thermoluminescence Dating of Northern Australian Coastal Dune Systems. Quaternary Research, 34(2), 169-185, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90029-K
Lees, Brian G; Yanehou, Lu; Price, David M (1992): Thermoluminescence dating of dunes at Cape St. Lambert, East Kimberleys, northwestern Australia. Marine Geology, 106(1-2), 131-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90058-P
Mackenzie, Lydia; Heijnis, Henk; Gadd, Patricia S; Moss, Patrick T; Shulmeister, James (2017): Geochemical investigation of the South Wellesley Island wetlands: Insight into wetland development during the Holocene in tropical northern Australia. The Holocene, 27(4), 566-578, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683616670219
Marx, Samuel K; Reynolds, William; May, Jan-Hendrik; Forbes, Matthew S; Stromsoe, Nicola; Fletcher, Michael-Shawn; Cohen, Timothy J; Moss, Patrick T; Mazumder, Debashish; Gadd, Patricia S (2021): Monsoon driven ecosystem and landscape change in the 'Top End' of Australia during the past 35 kyr. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 583, 110659, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110659
McGowan, Hamish A; Marx, Samuel K; Moss, Patrick T; Hammond, Andrew P (2012): Evidence of ENSO mega-drought triggered collapse of prehistory Aboriginal society in northwest Australia. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(22), 2012GL053916, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053916
Miller, Gifford H; Magee, John W; Fogel, Marilyn L; Wooller, Matthew J; Hesse, Paul P; Spooner, Nigel A; Johnson, Beverly J; Wallis, Lynley (2018): Wolfe Creek Crater: A continuous sediment fill in the Australian Arid Zone records changes in monsoon strength through the Late Quaternary. Quaternary Science Reviews, 199, 108-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.07.019
Moss, Patrick T; Mackenzie, Lydia; Ulm, Sean; Sloss, Craig; Rosendahl, Daniel; Petherick, Lynda M; Steinberger, Lincoln; Wallis, Lynley; Heijnis, Henk; Petchey, Fiona; Jacobsen, Geraldine (2015): Environmental context for late Holocene human occupation of the South Wellesley Archipelago, Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Australia. Quaternary International, 385, 136-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.02.051
Mulrennan, M E; Woodroffe, Colin D (1998): Holocene development of the lower Mary River plains, Northern Territory, Australia. The Holocene, 8(5), 565-579, https://doi.org/10.1191/095968398676885724
Nanson, Gerald C; Price, David M; Short, Stephen A; Young, Robert W; Jones, Brian G (1991): Comparative Uranium-Thorium and Thermoluminescence Dating of Weathered Quaternary Alluvium in the Tropics of Northern Australia. Quaternary Research, 35(3-Part1), 347-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(91)90050-F
Nott, Jonathan; Price, David (1999): Waterfalls, floods and climate change: evidence from tropical Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 171(2), 267-276, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00152-1
Nott, Jonathan F; Price, David M; Bryant, Edward A (1996): A 30,000 year record of extreme floods in tropical Australia from relict plunge‐pool deposits: Implications for future climate change. Geophysical Research Letters, 23(4), 379-382, https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL00262
Prebble, Matiu; Sim, Robin; Finn, Janet; Fink, David (2005): A Holocene Pollen and Diatom Record from Vanderlin Island, Gulf of Carpentaria, Lowland Tropical Australia. Quaternary Research, 64(3), 357-371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.005
Proske, Ulrike (2016): Holocene freshwater wetland and mangrove dynamics in the eastern Kimberley, Australia. Journal of Quaternary Science, 31(1), 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2827
Proske, Ulrike; Heslop, David; Haberle, Simon G (2014): A Holocene record of coastal landscape dynamics in the eastern Kimberley region, Australia. Journal of Quaternary Science, 29(2), 163-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2691
Reeves, Jessica M; Chivas, Allan R; García, Adriana; Holt, Sabine; Couapel, Martine J J; Jones, Brian G; Cendón, Dioni I; Fink, David (2008): The sedimentary record of palaeoenvironments and sea-level change in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, through the last glacial cycle. Quaternary International, 183(1), 3-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.11.019
Rehn, Emma; Rowe, Cassandra; Ulm, Sean; Gadd, Patricia S; Zawadzki, Atun; Jacobsen, Geraldine E; Woodward, Craig; Bird, Michael (2021): Multiproxy Holocene Fire Records From the Tropical Savannas of Northern Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 771700, https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.771700 (Rehn et al. (2021a))
Rehn, Emma; Rowe, Cassandra; Ulm, Sean; Woodward, Craig; Bird, Michael (2021): A late-Holocene multiproxy fire record from a tropical savanna, eastern Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. The Holocene, 31(5), 870-883, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620988030 (Rehn et al. (2021b))
Rhodes, E G (1982): Depositional model for a chenier plain, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Sedimentology, 29(2), 201-221, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1982.tb01719.x
Rivera-Araya, Maria; Rowe, Cassandra; Ulm, Sean; Bird, Michael I (2023): A 33,000-year paleohydrological record from Sanamere Lagoon, north-eastern tropical savannas of Australia. Quaternary Research, 113, 146-161, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2022.59
Rowe, Cassandra; Brand, Michael; Hutley, Lindsay B; Wurster, Christopher M; Zwart, Costijn; Levchenko, Vlad; Bird, Michael I (2019): Holocene savanna dynamics in the seasonal tropics of northern Australia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 267, 17-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.05.004
Rowe, Cassandra; Wurster, Christopher M; Zwart, Costijn; Brand, Michael; Hutley, Lindsay B; Levchenko, Vladimir; Bird, Michael I (2021): Vegetation over the last glacial maximum at Girraween Lagoon, monsoonal northern Australia. Quaternary Research, 102, 39-52, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.50
Rudd, Rachel; Dixon, Teresa; Callow, John Nikolaus; Gadd, Patricia S; Maizma, Sabika; Jacobsen, Geraldine; Moss, Patrick T; McGowan, Hamish A (2025): A record of monsoon rainforest variability from the Kimberley region in northwestern Australia. Journal of Quaternary Science, 40(2), 243-256, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3693
Saynor, Mike; Wasson, Robert; Erskine, Wayne; Lam, Daryl (2020): Holocene palaeohydrology of the East Alligator River, for application to mine site rehabilitation, Northern Australia. Quaternary Science Reviews, 249, 106552, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106552
Shulmeister, James (1992): A Holocene Pollen record from Lowland Tropical Australia. The Holocene, 2(2), 107-116, https://doi.org/10.1177/095968369200200202
Shulmeister, James; Lees, Brian G (1992): Morphology and chronostratigraphy of a coastal dunefield; Groote Eylandt, northern Australia. Geomorphology, 5(6), 521-534, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(92)90023-H
Shulmeister, James; Lees, Brian G (1995): Pollen evidence from tropical Australia for the onset of an ENSO-dominated climate at c. 4000 BP. The Holocene, 5(1), 10-18, https://doi.org/10.1177/095968369500500102
Stevenson, Janelle; Brockwell, Sally; Rowe, Cassandra; Proske, Ulrike; Shiner, Justin (2015): The palaeo-environmental history of Big Willum Swamp, Weipa: An environmental context for the archaeological record. Australian Archaeology, 80(1), 17-31, https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2015.11682041
Torgersen, T; Luly, J; De Deckker, Patrick; Jones, M R; Searle, D E; Chivas, A R; Ullman, W J (1988): Late quaternary environments of the Carpentaria Basin, Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 67(3-4), 245-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90155-1
van der Kaars, Sander; De Deckker, Patrick; Gingele, Franz X (2006): A 100 000‐year record of annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature for northwestern Australia based on a pollen record obtained offshore. Journal of Quaternary Science, 21(8), 879-889, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1010
van der Kaars, W A (1989): Aspects of late quaternary palynology of Eastern Indonesian deep-sea cores. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 24(4), 495-500, https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(89)90127-0
Wende, R; Nanson, G C; Price, D M (1997): Aeolian and fluvial evidence for late Quaternary environmental change in the east Kimberley of Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 44(4), 519-526, https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099708728331
Wyrwoll, Karl-Heinz; Miller, Gifford H (2001): Initiation of the Australian summer monsoon 14,000 years ago. Quaternary International, 83-85, 119-128, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00034-9
Funding:
Australian Research Council (ARC), grant/award no. CE170100015: ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage
Australian Research Council (ARC), grant/award no. CE230100009: ARC Centre of Excellence for Indigenous and Environmental Histories and Futures
Australian Research Council (ARC), grant/award no. DE240100340: Identifying key fire drivers in Australia; biomass, climate or people
Australian Research Council (ARC), grant/award no. FT180100524: Climate extremes and landscape responses across continental Australia
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -14.860040 * Median Longitude: 131.935567 * South-bound Latitude: -22.920000 * West-bound Longitude: 113.500000 * North-bound Latitude: -8.790000 * East-bound Longitude: 145.240000
Date/Time Start: 2001-05-03T21:05:00 * Date/Time End: 2005-10-01T04:42:00
Minimum ELEVATION: -1875 m a.s.l. * Maximum ELEVATION: 330 m a.s.l.
Event(s):
FR10/95-GC17  * Latitude: -22.130000 * Longitude: 113.500000 * Elevation: -1093.0 m * Location: Indian Ocean * Method/Device: Gravity corer (GC)
GC-2  * Latitude: -12.519667 * Longitude: 140.352333 * Elevation: -10.0 m * Recovery: 2.1 m * Location: Arafura Sea * Method/Device: Gravity corer (GC)
GIK18479-4  * Latitude: -12.453280 * Longitude: 121.373250 * Date/Time: 2005-09-23T22:03:00 * Elevation: -2974.0 m * Penetration: 25 m * Location: Indian Ocean * Campaign: SO185 (VITAL) * Basis: Sonne * Method/Device: Piston corer (BGR type) (KL)
Comment:
• Ages are left unmodelled here; age-modelled timelines must be generated via the public R scripts.
• Hydrological interpretations follow the criteria described in the associated manuscript.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
IdentificationIDWall, Alexander Forsterunique row label
Event labelEventWall, Alexander Forstersample; archive/site identifier
LATITUDELatitudeWall, Alexander ForsterGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeWall, Alexander ForsterGeocode
ELEVATIONElevationm a.s.l.Wall, Alexander ForsterGeocode
LocationLocationWall, Alexander Forstersite name or locality string
Area/localityAreaWall, Alexander Forstergeographic region
CountryCountryWall, Alexander Forster
ArchiveArchiveWall, Alexander Forsterarchive type (lake, speleothem, marine core, etc.)
10 Age, minimum/youngAge minkaWall, Alexander Forsterlower bound of interpreted interval (uncalibrated, if applicable)
11 Age, minimum/young, errorAge min e±Wall, Alexander Forsterreported uncertainty
12 Age, maximum/oldAge maxkaWall, Alexander Forsterupper bound of interpreted interval
13 Age, maximum/old, errorAge max e±Wall, Alexander Forsterreported uncertainty
14 Calendar age, minimum/youngCal age minka BPWall, Alexander Forstercalibrated/translated earliest age
15 Calendar age, maximum/oldCal age maxka BPWall, Alexander Forstercalibrated/translated latest age
16 Time resolutionTime reskaWall, Alexander Forsterarchive temporal resolution (ka/sample)
17 Number of proxiesProxies#Wall, Alexander Forsternumber of proxies analysed
18 InterpretationInterpretationWall, Alexander Forsterwater availability categorical interpretation (-2 = very arid, -1 = arid, 1 = hydric, and 2 = very hydric)
19 EvidenceEvidenceWall, Alexander Forstersupporting proxy evidence
20 Reference/sourceReferenceWall, Alexander Forster
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (License comes into effect after moratorium ends)
Size:
3418 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


ID

Event

Latitude

Longitude

Elevation [m a.s.l.]

Location

Area

Country

Archive
10 
Age min [ka]
11 
Age min e [±]
12 
Age max [ka]
13 
Age max e [±]
14 
Cal age min [ka BP]
15 
Cal age max [ka BP]
16 
Time res [ka]
17 
Proxies [#]
18 
Interpretation
19 
Evidence
20 
Reference
1TAEAC_Parnkupirti -20.250000127.500000ParnkupirtiWestern AustraliaAustraliaaeolian91.5001.70050.0001.00091.50050.00021.0001-2Formation of desert dunes postdating MIS 5 regressionFitzsimmons et al. (2012)
1TAEAC_Parnkupirti-20.250000127.500000ParnkupirtiWestern AustraliaAustraliaaeolian50.0001.00035.0001.00050.00035.00021.0001-1Transitional phase coinciding with early MIS 3Fitzsimmons et al. (2012)
1TAEAC_Parnkupirti-20.250000127.500000ParnkupirtiWestern AustraliaAustraliaaeolian35.0001.00011.5000.50035.00011.50021.0001-1Renewed dune formation including the Last Glacial MaximumFitzsimmons et al. (2012)
1TAEAC_Parnkupirti-20.250000127.500000ParnkupirtiWestern AustraliaAustraliaaeolian11.5000.50014.0000.50011.50014.00021.00011Monsoon strengthening and subsequent environmental changes around 14 kaFitzsimmons et al. (2012)
1TAEAC_Parnkupirti-20.250000127.500000ParnkupirtiWestern AustraliaAustraliaaeolian5.0000.5004.0000.5005.0004.00021.0001-1Rapid mid-Holocene arid eventFitzsimmons et al. (2012)
3TAEAC_CT -15.800000128.800000WonnamarringKimberleyAustraliaaeolian37.00035.00037.00035.00015.00011Significant fluvial activityWende et al. (1997)
3TAEAC_CT-15.800000128.800000WonnamarringKimberleyAustraliaaeolian35.00022.00035.00022.00015.0001-1Limited fluvial activityWende et al. (1997)
3TAEAC_CT-15.800000128.800000WonnamarringKimberleyAustraliaaeolian22.00012.00022.00012.00015.0001-1Subdued fluvial activityWende et al. (1997)
3TAEAC_CT-15.800000128.800000WonnamarringKimberleyAustraliaaeolian12.0006.00012.0006.00015.00011Substantial overbank depositionWende et al. (1997)
3TAEAC_CT-15.800000128.800000WonnamarringKimberleyAustraliaaeolian6.0005.0006.0005.00015.0001-2Increased aeolian activity and reduced fluvial depositionWende et al. (1997)
4TAEAC_Core89_1 -13.810000136.870000Groote_EylandtGulf of CarpentariaAustraliaaeolian136.00017.000135.00017.000136.000135.0001.0001-1Basal dune activity ​​Shulmeister and Lees (1992)
4TAEAC_Core89_1-13.810000136.870000Groote_EylandtGulf of CarpentariaAustraliaaeolian6.0000.3004.0000.7006.0004.0001.00011Stabilization event ​​Shulmeister and Lees (1992)
4TAEAC_Core89_1-13.810000136.870000Groote_EylandtGulf of CarpentariaAustraliaaeolian4.0000.7002.8004.0002.8001.0001-1Post-stabilization periodShulmeister and Lees (1992)
4TAEAC_Core89_1-13.810000136.870000Groote_EylandtGulf of CarpentariaAustraliaaeolian2.8001.5002.8001.5001.0001-1Active dune periodShulmeister and Lees (1992)
4TAEAC_Core89_1-13.810000136.870000Groote_EylandtGulf of CarpentariaAustraliaaeolian1.5000.0001.5000.0001.0001-1Recent active dunesShulmeister and Lees (1992)
17TAEAC_Karumba -17.690000140.420000KarumbaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliacoastal5.6000.0005.6000.0000.50011Fluctuating sediment supply related to rainfall​​Rhodes et al. (1982)
18TAEAC_Pandanus_Yard -17.690000139.930000Pandanus_YardGulf of CarpentariaAustraliacoastal5.4000.0005.4000.0000.5001-1Drying of high-tide flats and dune formation​Rhodes et al. (1982)
21TAEAC_Gilbert_River -17.320000141.750000Gilbert_RiverGulf of CarpentariaAustraliafluvial120.00085.000120.00085.0001.00012Extensive sand body indicating major fluvial activity​​Nanson et al. (1991)
21TAEAC_Gilbert_River-17.320000141.750000Gilbert_RiverGulf of CarpentariaAustraliafluvial85.00050.00085.00050.0001.0001-1Mud and fine sandy mud depositionNanson et al. (1991)
21TAEAC_Gilbert_River-17.320000141.750000Gilbert_RiverGulf of CarpentariaAustraliafluvial50.00040.00050.00040.0001.00011Sand deposition indicating increased fluvial activityNanson et al. (1991)
21TAEAC_Gilbert_River-17.320000141.750000Gilbert_RiverGulf of CarpentariaAustraliafluvial40.0008.9001.20040.0008.9001.0001-1Return to mud depositionNanson et al. (1991)
21TAEAC_Gilbert_River-17.320000141.750000Gilbert_RiverGulf of CarpentariaAustraliafluvial8.9001.2007.0008.9007.0001.00012Early Holocene fluvial phase, more active than present​​Nanson et al. (1991)
21TAEAC_Gilbert_River-17.320000141.750000Gilbert_RiverGulf of CarpentariaAustraliafluvial7.0000.0007.0000.0001.00011Ongoing mud and sandy mud depositionNanson et al. (1991)
22TAEAC_Fitzroy_Estuary -17.310000123.570000Fitzroy_EstuaryWestern AustraliaAustraliacoastal8.4007.4008.4007.4000.5001-1Desert dune formationJennings (1975)
22TAEAC_Fitzroy_Estuary-17.310000123.570000Fitzroy_EstuaryWestern AustraliaAustraliacoastal7.4000.0007.4000.0000.50011Estuarine sedimentationJennings (1975)
28TAEAC_King_River -15.520000128.120000King_RiverWestern AustraliaAustraliafluvial9.2008.7009.2008.7000.50011Peak in Proteaceae, indicative of high, non-seasonal rainfall​​Proske et al. (2014)
28TAEAC_King_River-15.520000128.120000King_RiverWestern AustraliaAustraliafluvial8.7007.4008.7007.4000.50011Increase in summer monsoon rainfall and mangrove biodiversity​​Proske et al. (2014)
28TAEAC_King_River-15.520000128.120000King_RiverWestern AustraliaAustraliafluvial7.4006.5007.4006.5000.5001-1Start of contraction in mangrove forest, indicating decreased moisture availability​​Proske et al. (2014)
28TAEAC_King_River-15.520000128.120000King_RiverWestern AustraliaAustraliafluvial6.5000.0006.5000.0000.5001-2Late Holocene aridification, expansion of hypersaline flats, and transition to intermittent wetlands​Proske et al. (2014)
33TAEAC_Cap_St_Lambert -14.310000127.760000Cape_St._LambertEast KimberleysAustraliaaeolian3.0003.0003.0003.0000.5001-1Late Holocene dune emplacementLees et al. (1992)
33TAEAC_Cap_St_Lambert-14.310000127.760000Cape_St._LambertEast KimberleysAustraliaaeolian1.6001.6001.6001.6000.5001-1Late Holocene dune emplacementLees et al. (1992)
33TAEAC_Cap_St_Lambert-14.310000127.760000Cape_St._LambertEast KimberleysAustraliaaeolian1.0000.0001.0000.0000.5001-1Late Holocene dune emplacementLees et al. (1992)
37TAEAC_Mary_River -12.480000131.680000Mary_RiverNorthern TerritoryAustraliafluvial7.0006.0007.0006.0000.50011Transgressive phase and mangrove forest development​​Mulrennan and Woodroffe (1998)
37TAEAC_Mary_River-12.480000131.680000Mary_RiverNorthern TerritoryAustraliafluvial6.0004.0006.0004.0000.50011Big swamp phase with widespread mangrove forest developmentMulrennan and Woodroffe (1998)
37TAEAC_Mary_River-12.480000131.680000Mary_RiverNorthern TerritoryAustraliafluvial4.0002.6004.0002.6000.5001-1Start of channel switching and palaeochannel infillMulrennan and Woodroffe (1998)
37TAEAC_Mary_River-12.480000131.680000Mary_RiverNorthern TerritoryAustraliafluvial2.6001.3002.6001.3000.5001-1Continued palaeochannel infill and channel switching​​Mulrennan and Woodroffe (1998)
43TAEAC_Dune_W_Cape_York -12.280000141.720000Western_Cape_YorkGulf of CarpentariaAustraliaaeolian8.3005.2008.3005.2000.5001-1Early and mid-Holocene dune transgression and stabilizationLees et al. (1993)
59TAEAC_PC -13.610000132.210000PCnorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro0.1490.0000.1440.0000.1490.1440.00111High SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
60TAEAC_HAY -13.600000131.530000HAYnorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro0.1320.0000.1310.0000.1320.1310.00111High SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
61TAEAC_LIT -13.290000130.850000LITnorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro0.1160.0000.1150.0000.1160.1150.00111High SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
62TAEAC_KOR -12.650000134.320000KORnorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro0.0790.0000.0680.0000.0790.0680.00111High SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
63TAEAC_MAN -12.050000134.250000MANnorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro0.0560.0000.0540.0000.0560.0540.00111High SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
64TAEAC_TIWI -11.710000130.830000TIWInorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro0.0230.0000.0190.0000.0230.0190.00111High SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
65TAEAC_MUR -11.500000132.700000MURnorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro0.1850.0000.1750.0000.1850.1750.0011-1Low SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
59TAEAC_PC-13.610000132.210000PCnorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro0.1430.0000.1380.0000.1430.1380.0011-1Low SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
59TAEAC_PC-13.610000132.210000PCnorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro0.1130.0000.1040.0000.1130.1040.0011-1Low SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
59TAEAC_PC-13.610000132.210000PCnorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro0.0080.000-0.0020.0000.008-0.0020.0011-1Low SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
59TAEAC_PC-13.610000132.210000PCnorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro-0.0110.000-0.0120.000-0.011-0.0120.0011-1Low SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
59TAEAC_PC-13.610000132.210000PCnorthern AustraliaAustraliadendro-0.0520.000-0.0530.000-0.052-0.0530.0011-1Low SPEIAllen et al. (2020)
66TAEAC_Gilwah -20.130000127.410000Gregory_LakesWestern Australiafluvial14.0000.38011.0000.42014.00011.0001.00031Monsoon initiationWyrwoll and Miller (2001)
66TAEAC_Gilwah-20.130000127.410000Gregory_LakesWestern Australiafluvial11.0000.4205.0000.15011.0005.0001.00032Persistent monsoonWyrwoll and Miller (2001)
66TAEAC_Gilwah-20.130000127.410000Gregory_LakesWestern Australiafluvial5.0000.1500.0000.0655.0000.0001.00031Diminished monsoonWyrwoll and Miller (2001)
70TAEAC_PL04_05 -15.540000128.250000Parry_LagoonsAustraliafluvial8.0000.0307.4000.0357.6197.4321.20011Increased mangrove pollenProske (2016)
70TAEAC_PL04_05-15.540000128.250000Parry_LagoonsAustraliafluvial7.4000.0406.3000.0557.4326.4771.2001-1Reduced mangrove pollen, increase in hypersaline mudflat indicatorsProske (2016)
70TAEAC_PL04_05-15.540000128.250000Parry_LagoonsAustraliafluvial6.3000.0601.3000.1106.4771.3011.20011Reappearance and dominance of mangrove pollenProske (2016)
70TAEAC_PL04_05-15.540000128.250000Parry_LagoonsAustraliafluvial1.3000.0100.0000.0601.3010.0021.2001-1Decline in mangrove pollen and increase in grass and salt marsh pollenProske (2016)
72TAEAC_Nott1999_01 -14.320000132.470000Lily_PondsNorthern_TerritoryAustraliafluvial6.9000.6005.9000.6006.9005.9007.50011Extreme flood evidenceNott and Price (1999)
72TAEAC_Nott1999_01-14.320000132.470000Lily_PondsNorthern_TerritoryAustraliafluvial6.9000.6005.6000.6006.9005.6007.50011Extreme flood evidenceNott and Price (1999)
72TAEAC_Nott1999_01-14.320000132.470000Lily_PondsNorthern_TerritoryAustraliafluvial17.5001.90016.5001.90017.50016.5007.50011Extreme flood evidenceNott and Price (1999)
72TAEAC_Nott1999_01-14.320000132.470000Lily_PondsNorthern_TerritoryAustraliafluvial21.5001.90020.5001.90021.50020.5007.50011Extreme flood evidenceNott and Price (1999)
72TAEAC_Nott1999_01-14.320000132.470000Lily_PondsNorthern_TerritoryAustraliafluvial28.9002.60027.9002.60028.90027.9007.50011Extreme flood evidenceNott and Price (1999)
72TAEAC_Nott1999_01-14.320000132.470000Lily_PondsNorthern_TerritoryAustraliafluvial2.4000.2002.3000.2002.4002.3007.50011Extreme flood evidenceNott and Price (1999)
73TAEAC_Nott1996_01 -13.150000130.680000Wangi_WaterfallNorthern_TerritoryAustraliafluvial30.00020.00030.00020.0002.00011Extreme flood evidenceNott et al. (1996)
74TAEAC_Nott1996_02 -13.420000132.420000Wangi_WaterfallNorthern_TerritoryAustraliafluvial11.0004.00011.0004.0001.30011Extreme flood evidenceNott et al. (1996)
75TAEAC_E_Alligator_R -12.560000133.110000East_Alligator_RiverNorthern TerritoryAustraliafluvial8.4000.4006.3800.4008.4006.3800.50011flood depositsSaynor et al. (2020)
75TAEAC_E_Alligator_R-12.560000133.110000East_Alligator_RiverNorthern TerritoryAustraliafluvial3.1000.2002.9100.3503.1002.9100.50011flood depositsSaynor et al. (2020)
75TAEAC_E_Alligator_R-12.560000133.110000East_Alligator_RiverNorthern TerritoryAustraliafluvial1.9400.2701.0700.1601.9401.0700.50011flood depositsSaynor et al. (2020)
75TAEAC_E_Alligator_R-12.560000133.110000East_Alligator_RiverNorthern TerritoryAustraliafluvial0.5900.1100.3400.0300.5900.3400.50011flood depositsSaynor et al. (2020)
76TAEAC_Lake_Lewis -22.920000132.530000Lake_LewisNorthern TerritoryAustralialake18.6500.8607.6800.72018.6507.6800.50021Flood deposits overlying alluvial fanEnglish et al. (2001)
76TAEAC_Lake_Lewis-22.920000132.530000Lake_LewisNorthern TerritoryAustralialake14.8000.48011.1700.48014.80011.1700.5002-1Homogeneous dune depositsEnglish et al. (2001)
76TAEAC_Lake_Lewis-22.920000132.530000Lake_LewisNorthern TerritoryAustralialake2.1900.0802.1900.0802.1902.1900.50021OSL dating of fluvial depositsEnglish et al. (2001)
76TAEAC_Lake_Lewis-22.920000132.530000Lake_LewisNorthern TerritoryAustralialake95.00094.00095.00094.0000.5002-2OSL dating of dune indicating aeolian activityEnglish et al. (2001)
76TAEAC_Lake_Lewis-22.920000132.530000Lake_LewisNorthern TerritoryAustralialake4.9800.2004.9800.2004.9804.9800.50021OSL dating indicating inundation of playaEnglish et al. (2001)
77TAEAC_Mulan -20.210000127.440000MulanKimberleyAustraliaaeolian300.000300.000300.000300.00010.00012Large lake expansion, water level above 294 m, area > 6000 km²Bowler et al. (2001)
77TAEAC_Mulan-20.210000127.440000MulanKimberleyAustraliaaeolian200.000200.000200.000200.00010.00011Formation of Rillyi Rillyi barrier-dune system, lake area around 4600 km²Bowler et al. (2001)
77TAEAC_Mulan-20.210000127.440000MulanKimberleyAustraliaaeolian100.000100.000100.000100.00010.00011Another expansion, water level above 275m but less than 280m, area around 1500-2000 km²Bowler et al. (2001)
78TAEAC_WCC99_04 -19.170000127.800000330Wolfe_Creek_CraterWestern_AustraliaAustralialake120.000120.000120.000120.0001.00022C3 trees and shrubs, algae evidenceMiller et al. (2018)
78TAEAC_WCC99_04-19.170000127.800000330Wolfe_Creek_CraterWestern_AustraliaAustralialake60.00035.00060.00035.0001.00021Transition period with fluctuating water levels and varying sedimentation rates.Miller et al. (2018)
78TAEAC_WCC99_04-19.170000127.800000330Wolfe_Creek_CraterWestern_AustraliaAustralialake35.00014.00035.00014.4121.0002-2Decrease in water table, drier conditions during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).Miller et al. (2018)
78TAEAC_WCC99_04-19.170000127.800000330Wolfe_Creek_CraterWestern_AustraliaAustralialake14.00012.00014.41212.0611.00021Increased rainfall from ~14 ka, water table rise intercepting crater floor before 13 ka.Miller et al. (2018)
78TAEAC_WCC99_04-19.170000127.800000330Wolfe_Creek_CraterWestern_AustraliaAustralialake12.0006.00012.0616.0751.00021Rapid increase in water table after 12 ka indicating significantly wetter conditions.Miller et al. (2018)
80TAEAC_MARR04 -17.070000139.490000Bentinck_IslandGulf of CarpentariaAustralialake1.2500.0300.8000.0301.0690.8040.01021Initial development of Marralda Wetlands, transition from coastal to wetland environmentMackenzie et al. (2017)
79TAEAC_WCS01 -17.070000139.490000Bentinck_IslandGulf of CarpentariaAustralialake0.8000.0250.4000.0250.8000.4000.01022Further development of wetlands, indicating increased wetness and productivity in the regionMackenzie et al. (2017)
79TAEAC_WS01 -17.070000139.490000Bentinck_IslandGulf of CarpentariaAustralialake0.4000.0250.0000.4000.0000.01022Continued wetland expansion and higher organic content, suggesting a recent wet phaseMackenzie et al. (2017)
81TAEAC_MARR02 -17.070000139.490000Bentinck_IslandGulf of CarpentariaAustralialake2.6000.0250.5000.0262.6000.9730.1602-1indicating a coastal setting transitioning to mangrove forest.Moss et al. (2015)
81TAEAC_MARR04-17.070000139.490000Bentinck_IslandGulf of CarpentariaAustralialake0.5000.0260.0000.5030.0010.16021transition to estuarine mangrove forestMoss et al. (2015)
81TAEAC_MARR04-17.070000139.490000Bentinck_IslandGulf of CarpentariaAustralialake0.000-0.0650.001-0.0650.16022Development of a freshwater swampMoss et al. (2015)
82TAEAC_ELZ02 -16.400000126.130000Gap_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake14.8000.0458.9100.06014.4498.9290.10022Presence of wetland taxa in older part of the record.Field et al. (2018)
82TAEAC_ELZ02-16.400000126.130000Gap_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake8.9100.0603.1300.0358.9293.0990.1002-1Transition in pollen assemblages, changes in wetland conditions and climate.Field et al. (2018)
82TAEAC_ELZ02-16.400000126.130000Gap_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake3.1300.0351.6500.0303.0991.6660.1002-2Decline in wetland taxa, change in regional pollen sum.Field et al. (2018)
82TAEAC_ELZ02-16.400000126.130000Gap_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake1.6500.0300.0001.6660.0130.10021Increase in wetland taxa, high non-pollen palynomorph accumulation rates.Field et al. (2018)
83TAEAC_FRN02 -15.940000126.280000Fern_PoolWestern AustraliaAustralialake12.0500.03011.5700.03012.05011.5710.10022High abundance of wetland taxa, low regional pollen sum variability.Field et al. (2018)
83TAEAC_FRN02-15.940000126.280000Fern_PoolWestern AustraliaAustralialake11.5700.0309.9400.03511.5719.9520.10021Increase in wetland taxa, decline in spring taxa.Field et al. (2018)
83TAEAC_FRN02-15.940000126.280000Fern_PoolWestern AustraliaAustralialake9.9400.0353.7000.0409.9523.7220.1002-1Pollen assemblage changes, reflecting variations in spring dynamics and local climate.Field et al. (2018)
83TAEAC_FRN02-15.940000126.280000Fern_PoolWestern AustraliaAustralialake3.7000.0400.7400.0453.7220.7400.1002-2Decline in wetland taxa, increase in Eucalyptus.Field et al. (2018)
83TAEAC_FRN02-15.940000126.280000Fern_PoolWestern AustraliaAustralialake0.7400.0450.0000.7400.0000.10021Increased wetland taxa, high non-pollen palynomorph accumulation rates.Field et al. (2018)
85TAEAC_BSP02 -15.630000126.390000Black_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake2.6001.0002.6001.0000.1002-2Marked reduction in monsoonal precipitationField et al. (2018)
85TAEAC_BSP02-15.630000126.390000Black_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake14.5200.03014.0400.03014.52013.9140.10022Wetland pollen dominated, low pollen and charcoal rates, no non-pollen palynomorphs.Field et al. (2018)
85TAEAC_BSP02-15.630000126.390000Black_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake14.0400.0309.1200.03513.9149.1310.10021Increase in wetland and spring taxa pollen, wetland taxa decline up-core.Field et al. (2018)
85TAEAC_BSP02-15.630000126.390000Black_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake9.1200.0357.7300.0409.1317.7490.1002-1Vegetation transition, spring taxa increase, wetland taxa decrease.Field et al. (2018)
85TAEAC_BSP02-15.630000126.390000Black_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake7.7300.0404.2800.0407.7494.2480.1002-2Wetland taxa decline, spring taxa increase, regional pollen sum changes.Field et al. (2018)
85TAEAC_BSP02-15.630000126.390000Black_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake4.2800.0400.5800.0404.2480.5800.1002-1Eucalyptus increase, Poaceae decrease, regional pollen sum composition changes.Field et al. (2018)
85TAEAC_BSP02-15.630000126.390000Black_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake0.5800.0400.0000.5800.0000.10021High non-pollen palynomorph accumulation rates, indicating environmental changes.Field et al. (2018)
84TAEAC_Walala_Core_2 -15.680000137.030000Vanderlin_IslandGulf of CarpentariaAustralialake8.4500.0806.4300.0508.3836.3930.50012Early Holocene marine transgression, mangrove expansion.Prebble et al. (2005)
84TAEAC_Walala_Core_2-15.680000137.030000Vanderlin_IslandGulf of CarpentariaAustralialake6.4300.0504.1900.0506.3934.1540.50011Development of dense Melaleuca forest in a swamp.Prebble et al. (2005)
84TAEAC_Walala_Core_2-15.680000137.030000Vanderlin_IslandGulf of CarpentariaAustralialake4.1900.0503.1100.0504.1543.0610.5001-1Transition to a more open environment.Prebble et al. (2005)
84TAEAC_Walala_Core_2-15.680000137.030000Vanderlin_IslandGulf of CarpentariaAustralialake3.1100.0500.0000.0503.0610.0100.50011Formation of perennial lake conditions.Prebble et al. (2005)
86TAEAC_Black_Springs -15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake6.3000.0373.0000.0506.3143.0120.2303-2Increased aeolian dust deposition and reduced monsoon activity.McGowan et al. (2012)
86TAEAC_Black_Springs-15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake3.0001.5003.0121.5120.2303-2Continued dominance of aeolian dust depositionMcGowan et al. (2012)
86TAEAC_Black_Springs-15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake1.5001.2001.5121.2060.23031Increased fluvial depositsMcGowan et al. (2012)
86TAEAC_Black_Springs-15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsWestern AustraliaAustralialake1.2000.0001.2060.0010.2303-1Transition to modern monsoon climate with increased rainfall and monsoon activity.McGowan et al. (2012)
87TAEAC_BSP -15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake15.0000.04014.0000.04015.00014.0000.10032Dominance of Myrtaceae and Poaceae.Field et al. (2017)
87TAEAC_BSP-15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake14.0000.04010.0000.04014.0009.4210.10031Increase in spring taxa and wetland taxa.Field et al. (2017)
87TAEAC_BSP-15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake10.0000.0406.8400.0359.4216.8260.1003-1High abundance of mound spring taxa.Field et al. (2017)
87TAEAC_BSP-15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake6.8400.0354.9400.0356.8264.9590.1003-2Decline in wetland taxa, increase in tropical savanna.Field et al. (2017)
87TAEAC_BSP-15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake4.9400.0352.6200.0354.9592.6330.1003-1Increase in Terminalia and tropical savanna taxa.Field et al. (2017)
87TAEAC_BSP-15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake2.6200.0350.5500.0302.6330.5520.1003-2Decline in wetland taxa, increase in savanna taxa.Field et al. (2017)
87TAEAC_BSP-15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake0.5500.0300.2300.0300.5520.2300.1003-1High charcoal accumulation rates.Field et al. (2017)
87TAEAC_BSP-15.630000126.380000Black_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake0.2300.0300.0000.2300.0000.10031Increased wetland taxa in recent times.Field et al. (2017)
92TAEAC_Core89_1-13.860000136.780000Groote_EylandtNorthern TerritoryAustralialake10.0000.0757.5000.20010.0007.5000.17022Marine transgression and mangrove expansion.Shulmeister (1992)
92TAEAC_Core89_1-13.860000136.780000Groote_EylandtNorthern TerritoryAustralialake7.5000.2005.0000.1007.5005.0000.17021Development of Eucalyptus open forest and acacias.Shulmeister (1992)
92TAEAC_Core89_1-13.860000136.780000Groote_EylandtNorthern TerritoryAustralialake5.0000.1003.8000.1705.0003.8000.1702-1Shift to more open habitats, possibly indicating less moisture.Shulmeister (1992)
92TAEAC_Core89_1-13.860000136.780000Groote_EylandtNorthern TerritoryAustralialake3.8000.1701.0000.1703.8001.0000.17021Increase in Eucalyptus and vine thickets.Shulmeister (1992)
92TAEAC_Core89_1-13.860000136.780000Groote_EylandtNorthern TerritoryAustralialake1.0000.1700.0001.0000.0000.17022Increase in wetland indicators and swamp taxa.Shulmeister (1992)
93TAEAC_Core89_1-13.850000136.780000Groote_EylandtNorthern Territorylake10.0000.0757.5000.09011.4658.3030.3401-1Slow decline in arid adapted pollen.Shulmeister and Lees (1992)
93TAEAC_Core89_1-13.850000136.780000Groote_EylandtNorthern Territorylake7.5000.0903.8000.1008.3034.1220.34011Raised water tables.Shulmeister and Lees (1992)
93TAEAC_Core89_1-13.850000136.780000Groote_EylandtNorthern Territorylake4.2003.5004.6683.7320.34011Sharp decline in pollen influx and organic sed.Shulmeister and Lees (1992)
93TAEAC_Core89_1-13.850000136.780000Groote_EylandtNorthern Territorylake3.5001.0003.7320.8840.3401-1Decrease in pollen influxShulmeister and Lees (1992)
93TAEAC_Core89_1-13.850000136.780000Groote_EylandtNorthern Territorylake1.0000.0000.8840.0000.34011Establishment of modern levels,Shulmeister and Lees (1992)
97TAEAC_Girraween -12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake11.9005.50011.9495.5130.20021Expansion of grass cover, reduction in eucalypts.Rowe et al. (2019)
97TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake4.1000.3504.1170.3400.2002-1Decline in grass cover, increase in Eucalyptus abundance.Rowe et al. (2019)
97TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake0.3500.0000.340-0.0020.20021Swamp fringe expansion.Rowe et al. (2019)
98TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake26.5000.16021.0000.09026.50021.0001.2002-1Abundant grasses with sparse trees and shrubsRowe et al. (2020)
98TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake21.0000.09018.0000.08021.00018.0001.2002-2Maximum abundance of grasses, exclusion of herbs, and reduction in tree cover.Rowe et al. (2020)
101FR10/95-GC17 -22.130000113.500000-1093Western AustraliaAustraliamarine_core100.00010.00064.0006.500100.00064.0005.00011Presence of open grass-rich Eucalyptus woodland pollen.Van der Kaars et al. (2006)
101FR10/95-GC17-22.130000113.500000-1093Western AustraliaAustraliamarine_core40.6501.13035.0001.13040.65035.0001.0001-1Reduced presence of Eucalyptus pollen and increased presence of arid-adapted taxa.Van der Kaars et al. (2006)
101FR10/95-GC17-22.130000113.500000-1093Western AustraliaAustraliamarine_core35.0001.13019.2500.28035.00019.5141.0001-2Dominance of herb (Asteraceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae) pollen and presence of Callitris.Van der Kaars et al. (2006)
101FR10/95-GC17-22.130000113.500000-1093Western AustraliaAustraliamarine_core13.0800.1100.0000.18512.941-0.0021.00011Increased presence of wet-adapted pollen type.Van der Kaars et al. (2006)
119GC-2 -13.070000140.200000Gulf_of_CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core35.33026.00035.33026.0001.00021Aquatic pollenTorgersen et al. (1988)
119TAEAC_GC_10A -13.070000140.200000Gulf_of_CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core23.00011.80025.75312.5781.0002-1Grasses and high charcoal, savannah-likeTorgersen et al. (1988)
127MD97-2129 -10.789333138.720000Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core74.00064.70074.00064.7003.0002-1Enhanced fluvial activity is suggestedReeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2130 -12.266833138.748667Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core74.00064.70074.00064.7003.0002-1Enhanced fluvial activity is suggestedReeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2131 -12.066000138.749667Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core74.00064.70074.00064.7003.0002-1Enhanced fluvial activity is suggestedReeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2132 -12.313167139.978833Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core116.000103.000137.468122.7303.00021Increased fluvial activity.Reeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2132-12.313167139.978833Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core70.00085.00083.419102.8603.0002-1shallow, restricted, low-energy environment represents the lowstand of MIS 5.2, in comparison, and a decrease in surface water may be postulatedReeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2132-12.313167139.978833Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core85.00074.000102.86088.9603.00021Increased fluvial activity.Reeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2132-12.313167139.978833Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core74.00064.70088.96076.6273.00021Enhanced fluvial activity is suggestedReeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2132-12.313167139.978833Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core23.00019.00023.85918.6693.0002-2It's just kind of implied cryptically if you look at the climatic interpretation, unit descriptions, and Table 3. Like The Davinci Code in hereReeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2132-12.313167139.978833Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core19.00017.10018.66916.7343.0002-1Enhanced fluvial activity is suggestedReeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2133 -12.390000140.340000Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core74.00064.70068.39861.3673.0002-1Evidence of effective precipitation and monsoon activity, supported by carbon isotopic analysis of fossil emu eggshells from Lake Eyre indicating increased C4 grasses​​.Reeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2133-12.390000140.340000Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core65.00046.00061.71347.4723.00021Evidence of effective precipitation and monsoon activity, supported by carbon isotopic analysis of fossil emu eggshells from Lake Eyre indicating increased C4 grasses​​.Reeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2133-12.390000140.340000Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core29.00029.00030.95030.9503.00021Establishment of lacustrine conditions in the deeper section of the basin, indicative of sufficient precipitation​​.Reeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2133-12.390000140.340000Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core23.00019.00024.24519.5063.0002-1Temporary contraction of the lake during the Last Glacial Maximum, with continued fluvial activity​​.Reeves et al. (2008)
127MD97-2133-12.390000140.340000Lake_CarpentariaGulf of CarpentariaAustraliamarine_core14.00014.00014.72414.7243.00021Expansion of the lake following the LGM, indicating increased precipitation and a productive environment​​.Reeves et al. (2008)
165TAEAC_G5_6_149P2 -9.000000128.000000Indonesiamarine_core43.0003.95047.5433.7721.0001-1Eucalypt open forest vegetation replaced by grasslandsvan der Kaars (1989)
165TAEAC_G5_6_149P2-9.000000128.000000Indonesiamarine_core17.0000.00019.6660.0001.00011Reduction in grassland and sedge area, followed by establishment of extensive mangrove forests in New Guinea around 14,500 BP, expansion of mountain rainforests from 10,000 BP, indicating an increase in temperature and rainfall.van der Kaars (1989)
167GIK18506-2 -8.790000128.640000-1875Timor_SeaTimor SeaAustraliamarine_core15.00013.0000.50014.95012.8352.0002-1The ACR is characterized by the lowest values in XRF-scanner-derived geochemical proxies for riverine input (ln(K/Ca) and ln((Al+K)/Ca)Kuhnt et al. (2015)
201MD01-2378 -13.080000121.790000-1875Timor_SeaTimor SeaAustraliamarine_core15.00011.6000.20014.91611.6082.0002-1The ACR is characterized by the lowest values in XRF-scanner-derived geochemical proxies for riverine input (ln(K/Ca) and ln((Al+K)/Ca)Kuhnt et al. (2015)
202GIK18479-4 -12.450000121.370000-1875Timor_SeaTimor SeaAustraliamarine_core15.00012.5000.40014.90112.4232.0002-1The ACR is characterized by the lowest values in XRF-scanner-derived geochemical proxies for riverine input (ln(K/Ca) and ln((Al+K)/Ca)Kuhnt et al. (2015)
167GIK18506-2-8.790000128.640000-1875Timor_SeaTimor SeaAustraliamarine_core13.0000.5008.0000.50012.8357.7932.00021terrigenous flux increaseKuhnt et al. (2015)
201MD01-2378-13.080000121.790000-1875Timor_SeaTimor SeaAustraliamarine_core11.6000.2008.0000.20011.6087.8202.00021terrigenous flux increaseKuhnt et al. (2015)
202GIK18479-4-12.450000121.370000-1875Timor_SeaTimor SeaAustraliamarine_core12.5000.4008.0000.40012.4237.8422.00021terrigenous flux increaseKuhnt et al. (2015)
167GIK18506-2-8.790000128.640000-1875Timor_SeaTimor SeaAustraliamarine_core7.0006.7000.1006.8076.5042.0002-1decrease in ln(K/Ca), runoff minimumKuhnt et al. (2015)
201MD01-2378-13.080000121.790000-1875Timor_SeaTimor SeaAustraliamarine_core8.0000.2006.6000.1007.8206.3962.0002-1decrease in ln(K/Ca), runoff minimumKuhnt et al. (2015)
202GIK18479-4-12.450000121.370000-1875Timor_SeaTimor SeaAustraliamarine_core8.0000.4004.6000.9007.8424.4352.0002-1decrease in ln(K/Ca), runoff minimumKuhnt et al. (2015)
178TAEAC_BGC14 -17.030000125.000000Ball_Gown_CaveWestern_Australiaspeleothem24.0001.00020.0001.00024.00020.0000.0901-1negative isotope anomaliesDenniston et al. (2013)
178TAEAC_BGC6 -17.030000125.000000Ball_Gown_CaveWestern_Australiaspeleothem16.0002.00013.0002.00016.00013.0000.0901-1negative isotope anomaliesDenniston et al. (2013)
178TAEAC_BGC6-17.030000125.000000Ball_Gown_CaveWestern_Australiaspeleothem11.5001.0008.00011.5008.0000.09011positive isotope excusionDenniston et al. (2013)
179TAEAC_KNI_51_11 -15.180000128.370000100Cave_KNI-51Australiaspeleothem0.6000.5000.6000.5000.00131Elevated occurrence rates of extreme rainfall eventsDenniston et al. (2015)
179TAEAC_KNI_51_11-15.180000128.370000100Cave_KNI-51Australiaspeleothem0.5000.3000.5000.3000.0013-1Reduced activity marking the period 1450–1650 CE.Denniston et al. (2015)
179TAEAC_KNI_51_11-15.180000128.370000100Cave_KNI-51Australiaspeleothem1.9001.5501.9001.5500.00131Elevated occurrence rates of extreme rainfall events from 50–400 CE.Denniston et al. (2015)
179TAEAC_KNI_51_11-15.180000128.370000100Cave_KNI-51Australiaspeleothem1.4501.1001.4501.1000.0013-1Reduced activity marking the period 500–850 CE.Denniston et al. (2015)
179TAEAC_KNI_51_11-15.180000128.370000100Cave_KNI-51Australiaspeleothem0.150-0.0500.150-0.0500.00131Elevated occurrence rates of extreme rainfall events from 50–400 CE.Denniston et al. (2015)
180TAEAC_KNI_51_1 -15.180000128.370000Cave_KNI-51Australiaspeleothem13.40011.70013.40011.7000.02531Enriched d13CDenniston et al. (2017)
180TAEAC_KNI_51_3 -15.180000128.370000Cave_KNI-51Australiaspeleothem16.50014.80016.50014.8000.02531Enriched d13CDenniston et al. (2017)
180TAEAC_KNI_51_3-15.180000128.370000Cave_KNI-51Australiaspeleothem18.30017.30018.30017.3000.02531Enriched d13CDenniston et al. (2017)
180TAEAC_KNI_51_1-15.180000128.370000Cave_KNI-51Australiaspeleothem9.5009.0009.5009.0000.02531Enriched d13CDenniston et al. (2017)
181TAEAC_Cobourg_Peninsula -11.280000132.200000Cobourg PeninsulaNorthern_TerritoryAustraliaaeolian8.6001.4007.5001.4008.6007.5001.0001-1Dune emplacementLees et al. (1990)
181TAEAC_Cobourg_Peninsula-11.280000132.200000Cobourg PeninsulaNorthern_TerritoryAustraliaaeolian2.8000.5002.6000.3002.8002.6001.0001-1Dune emplacementLees et al. (1990)
181TAEAC_Cobourg_Peninsula-11.280000132.200000Cobourg PeninsulaNorthern_TerritoryAustraliaaeolian1.9000.4001.9000.4001.9001.9001.0001-1Dune emplacementLees et al. (1990)
181TAEAC_Shelburne_Bay -11.920000142.910000Shelburne BayNorthern_TerritoryAustraliaaeolian23.8002.40017.6001.40023.80017.6001.0001-1Dune emplacementLees et al. (1990)
181TAEAC_Shelburne_Bay-11.920000142.910000Shelburne BayNorthern_TerritoryAustraliaaeolian29.9002.40028.4001.30029.90028.4001.0001-1Dune emplacementLees et al. (1990)
181TAEAC_Cape_Flattery -15.080000145.240000Cape FlatteryNorthern_TerritoryAustraliaaeolian22.7002.80019.2003.40022.70019.2001.0001-1Dune emplacementLees et al. (1990)
181TAEAC_Cape_Flattery-15.080000145.240000Cape FlatteryNorthern_TerritoryAustraliaaeolian2.0001.0002.0001.0002.0002.0001.0001-1Dune emplacementLees et al. (1990)
187TAEAC_BW01 -12.657000141.998000Big_Willum_SwampCape_YorkAustralialake7.2160.0322.2000.0257.0702.1960.3002-1Initiation of swamp-like conditionsStevenson et al. (2015)
187TAEAC_BW01-12.657000141.998000Big_Willum_SwampCape_YorkAustralialake2.2000.0250.6000.0332.1960.5960.30021Transition to a permanent deep water bodyStevenson et al. (2015)
187TAEAC_BW01-12.657000141.998000Big_Willum_SwampCape_YorkAustralialake0.6000.0330.4000.0500.5960.3970.30021Swamp reaches present-day extentStevenson et al. (2015)
196TAEAC_Lake_Woods -17.850000133.500000Lake_WoodsNorthern_TerritoryAustralialake130.00096.00010.000130.00096.0001.00022Greatly expanded lake in late stage 7Bowler et al. (1998)
196TAEAC_Lake_Woods-17.850000133.500000Lake_WoodsNorthern_TerritoryAustralialake64.00030.00064.00030.0001.00021Expanded lakeBowler et al. (1998)
196TAEAC_Lake_Woods-17.850000133.500000Lake_WoodsNorthern_TerritoryAustralialake28.9005.50026.8003.50028.90026.8001.0002-1Dune emplacementBowler et al. (1998)
196TAEAC_Lake_Woods-17.850000133.500000Lake_WoodsNorthern_TerritoryAustralialake12.0000.00012.0000.0001.00021Expanded lakeBowler et al. (1998)
197TAEAC_SAN1a -11.120000142.35000015Sanamere_LagoonCape_YorkAustralialake7.7950.0307.7000.0357.7957.7000.04021Peak charcoal and pyrogenic carbon fluxes occurred at the start of the SAN1 record from 8,150 to 7,900 cal BP, initially at high intensities, along with consistently low δ13C values for bulk pyrogenic carbon (Figures 4, 5).Rehn et al. (2021a)
197TAEAC_SAN1a-11.120000142.35000015Sanamere_LagoonCape_YorkAustralialake7.7000.0356.6000.0357.7006.6000.04022An abrupt decline in sedimentation rate as well as charcoal and pyrogenic carbon fluxes at Sanamere Lagoon at 7,900 cal BP suggests a potential expansion of the site under the increasingly wet conditions of the mid-Holocene.Rehn et al. (2021a)
197TAEAC_SAN1a-11.120000142.35000015Sanamere_LagoonCape_YorkAustralialake6.6000.0355.8800.0356.6005.8800.04021Charcoal flux increased again at the lagoon from ∼6,800–6,000 cal BP, but at lower levels than those seen prior to 7,900 cal BP.Rehn et al. (2021a)
198TAEAC_BWIL2 -12.657000141.99800030Big_Willum_SwampCape_YorkAustralialake3.4450.0351.7000.0353.4451.7000.15031The oldest modeled age for core BWIL2 is ∼3,920 cal BP, associated with low sedimentation rates and minimal charcoal and pyrogenic carbon.Rehn et al. (2021a)
198TAEAC_BWIL2-12.657000141.99800030Big_Willum_SwampCape_YorkAustralialake1.7000.0350.4000.0351.7000.4000.15032Organic input (represented by Mo ratio) and sediment accumulation increased noticeably after ∼1,700 cal BP at Big Willum SwampRehn et al. (2021a)
198TAEAC_BWIL2-12.657000141.99800030Big_Willum_SwampCape_YorkAustralialake0.4000.035-0.0650.0000.400-0.0650.15031Stevenson et al. (2015) noted wet conditions from 600 to 400 cal BP at Big Willum Swamp, reflected in the BWIL2 record as increased charcoal and pyrogenic carbon fluxes from some time after 600 cal BP coincident with increased sedimentation rates.Rehn et al. (2021a)
199TAEAC_MAR2 -13.409000135.77400050Maurura_SinkholeNorthern_TerritoryAustralialake4.1550.0502.5550.0404.1552.5550.03021Peak charcoal and pyrogenic carbon influxes at Marura (~4000 cal BP) coincide with this regional transition from higher effective precipitation in the mid-Holocene to drier and/or more variable conditions into the late-HoloceneRehn et al. (2021b)
199TAEAC_MAR2-13.409000135.77400050Maurura_SinkholeNorthern_TerritoryAustralialake2.5550.0401.1050.0302.5551.1050.0302-1Lower overall fire incidence compared to Phase I is likely due to continuing dry conditions producing less biomass than during the mid-Holocene precipitation maximum.Rehn et al. (2021b)
200TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake150.00010.400120.00010.400150.000120.0000.55041Large, individual negative excursions in δ2Hpam accompanied by coeval increases in tree coverBird et al. (2024)
200TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake120.00010.400115.00012.000120.000115.0000.55041Bird et al. (2024)
200TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake115.00012.000110.00013.100115.000110.0000.55042Most intense monsoon on record, effectively closed forestBird et al. (2024)
200TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake110.00013.10091.0008.200110.00091.0000.5504-1Bird et al. (2024)
200TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake91.0008.20085.0006.00091.00085.0000.55042Large peak in monsoonal activityBird et al. (2024)
200TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake85.0006.00069.0005.80085.00069.0000.5504-2Bird et al. (2024)
200TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake69.0005.80052.0003.20069.00052.0000.5504-1Bird et al. (2024)
200TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake52.0003.20017.5001.30052.00017.5000.5504-2Bird et al. (2024)
200TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake17.5001.30014.5000.70017.50014.5000.55042Large increase in tree cover, though not TOCBird et al. (2024)
200TAEAC_Girraween-12.520000131.08000020Girraween_LagoonNorthern TerritoryAustralialake14.5000.7000.0000.00014.5000.0000.55041Bird et al. (2024)
203TAEAC_TableTopSwamp_b -13.178000130.746000200Table_Top_SwampNorthern TerritoryAustralialake35.00025.00031.34024.4890.1505-2conditions were drier and more stable than present, with a more grass dominated savanna and limited wetland development, implying reduced IASM activity.Marx et al. (2021)
203TAEAC_TableTopSwamp_b-13.178000130.746000200Table_Top_SwampNorthern TerritoryAustralialake25.00010.00024.4899.8910.15051increased moisture at the study site, but also increased IASM variabilityMarx et al. (2021)
203TAEAC_TableTopSwamp_a -13.178000130.746000200Table_Top_SwampNorthern TerritoryAustralialake10.0005.00010.0005.0490.05052increasing moisture advection to the study site and resulting in establishment of a quasi-permeant wetland.Marx et al. (2021)
203TAEAC_TableTopSwamp_a-13.178000130.746000200Table_Top_SwampNorthern TerritoryAustralialake5.0000.0005.0490.0060.05051After 5 ka the pollen assemblage in TTS became indicative of a drier vegetation mosaic.Marx et al. (2021)
204TAEAC_BR-BU -15.466500129.7850007Bullo_RiverKimberleyAustraliafluvial17.6001.00012.9000.90017.60012.9000.5006-1"our results mostly indicate less wet season precipitation during the deglacial"Dixon et al. (2025)
204TAEAC_BR-BU-15.466500129.7850007Bullo_RiverKimberleyAustraliafluvial12.9000.9005.1000.10012.9005.1000.50061"small increases in wet season precipitation"Dixon et al. (2025)
204TAEAC_BR-BU-15.466500129.7850007Bullo_RiverKimberleyAustraliafluvial5.1000.1000.9000.4005.1000.9000.5006-1"clear that this interval was drier"Dixon et al. (2025)
204TAEAC_BR-BU-15.466500129.7850007Bullo_RiverKimberleyAustraliafluvial0.9000.4000.0000.0400.9000.0000.50061"increased moisture availability"Dixon et al. (2025)
205TAEAC_SkullSprings -15.210000125.728000Skull_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake16.0550.04014.0000.04016.05514.0000.5006-1"low sedimentation rate ... may reflect drier conditions" Really no interpretation for this time periodRudd et al. (2025)
205TAEAC_SkullSprings-15.210000125.728000Skull_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake14.0000.04010.0000.04014.00010.0000.50061"[rainforest] taxa increase in relative abundance after 14k cal a bp"Rudd et al. (2025)
205TAEAC_SkullSprings-15.210000125.728000Skull_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake10.0000.0406.0000.02210.0006.0000.50062"[rainforest taxa are] more prevalent from 10k cal a bp onwards"Rudd et al. (2025)
205TAEAC_SkullSprings-15.210000125.728000Skull_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake6.0000.0223.0000.0226.0003.0000.50061"abundance of monsoon rainforest-associated taxa and pteridophytes at Skull Springs decreases"Rudd et al. (2025)
205TAEAC_SkullSprings-15.210000125.728000Skull_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake3.0000.0222.0000.0223.0002.0000.5006-1This 1000 period is not described. I assume that if hydric indicators decrease until now, then increase after now, it must be relatively dry.Rudd et al. (2025)
205TAEAC_SkullSprings-15.210000125.728000Skull_SpringsKimberleyAustralialake2.0000.0220.0000.0002.0000.0000.50061"monsoon rainforest-associated taxa gradually increasing again in the last ~2000 years"Rudd et al. (2025)
206TAEAC_SAN1b -11.120000142.360000Sanamere_LagoonCape_YorkAustralialake33.00029.10033.00029.1000.8006-1low nitrogen, coarse sand, but high sedimentationRivera-Araya et al. (2023)
206TAEAC_SAN1b-11.120000142.360000Sanamere_LagoonCape_YorkAustralialake29.10018.20029.10018.2000.8006-2wind-blown features indicate seasonally dryRivera-Araya et al. (2023)
206TAEAC_SAN1b-11.120000142.360000Sanamere_LagoonCape_YorkAustralialake18.20010.80018.20010.8000.80061decrease in coarse sand, Ti suggest larger lagoonRivera-Araya et al. (2023)
206TAEAC_SAN1b-11.120000142.360000Sanamere_LagoonCape_YorkAustralialake10.8004.70010.8004.7000.80062increase in terrestrial inputs, lake deepening, open water diatomsRivera-Araya et al. (2023)
206TAEAC_SAN1b-11.120000142.360000Sanamere_LagoonCape_YorkAustralialake4.7000.0004.7000.0000.80061organic matter and terrestrial input decrease/stabilisationRivera-Araya et al. (2023)