/* DATA DESCRIPTION:
Citation:	Pavlyukevich, Ekaterina; Popovnin, Viсtor; Gubanov, Afanasy; Ivanov, Viсtor; Averina, Alena; Ibraev, Kirill; Voevodina, Anastasia; Durmanov, Ivan; Khomiakova, Victoria; Chizhova, Julia N; Kozachek, Anna V; Ekaykin, Alexey A; Tsyplenkov, Anatoly; Zheleznova, Irina (2026): Snow density measurements in the spatially distributed net in the Djankuat research basin from 2021-2024 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.989862, 
	In: Pavlyukevich, E et al. (2026): Hydrological, meteorological and glaciological observations and isotopes sampling results during 2021-2024 (glaciological data from 2019-2020 included) at Djankuat Glacier Station in the North Caucasus, Russia [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.989847
Abstract:	This is the second update of a dataset comprising long-term complex glaciological, hydrological, and meteorological observations, including isotope sampling, from the highly underreported alpine zone of the North Caucasus, described in Rets et al., 2019 (https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1463-2019). The data were collected in the Djankuat research basin (9.1 km², elevations of 2500–4000 m, 30% glacier cover). The Djankuat glacier, located in the basin under study, is a World Meteorological Organization reference glacier with a mass-balance record exceeding 50 years. The original dataset covers 2007-2017 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894807), with the first update for 2019-2020 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940839). This second update extends the series to 2021-2024. It also includes previously unpublished data of glacier ablation, snow height, and snow density measurements in the spatially distributed net for the 2019-2020 period. A significant enhancement since 2021 is the operation of an additional year-round hydrological gauging station on the Djankuat River 1 km downstream of the main one. The dataset includes results from annual measurements of snow thickness and density; snow and ice melt dynamics; water runoff, conductivity, turbidity, temperature, δ¹⁸O, and δ²H at gauging stations; isotopic sampling of precipitation, snow, ice, firn, and groundwater; and high-resolution meteorological data (precipitation, air temperature, humidity, radiation, pressure, wind). The observations were primarily conducted during the summer ablation seasons (June-October), with gradient and eddy covariance measurements for turbulent flux estimation. This dataset is invaluable for developing and validating hydrological, glaciological, and meteorological models, assessing climate change impacts on mountain hydrology, and applying isotopic methods in high-altitude research. The dataset will be periodically updated.
	The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 25-77-10049 (in part of hydrological observations), grant no. 22-17-00133 (in part of glaciological observations), and was carried out under the Governmental Order to Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, subject no. FMWZ-2025-0003 (in part of meteorological observations).
Keyword(s):	alpine catchment; catchment hydrology; Caucasus; Conductivity; Discharge; Djankuat; Glacial climate; Glacier Catchment; high-altitude; hydrological data; isotope composition; isotope data; Meteorological datasets; mountain catchment; mountain station; North Caucasus; precipitation; research catchment; Russia
Related to:	Pavlyukevich, Ekaterina; Popovnin, Viсtor; Gubanov, Afanasy; Ivanov, Viсtor; Averina, Alena; Ibraev, Kirill; Voevodina, Anastasia; Durmanov, Ivan; Khomiakova, Victoria; Chizhova, Julia N; Kozachek, Anna V; Ekaykin, Alexey A; Tsyplenkov, Anatoly; Zheleznova, Irina (2026): Snow density measurements in the spatially distributed net in the Djankuat research basin from 2019-2020 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.989861
	Rets, Ekaterina P; Popovnin, Viktor V; Toropov, Pavel A; Smirnov, Andrew M; Tokarev, Igor V; Chizhova, Julia N; Budantseva, Nadine A; Vasil'chuk, Yurij K; Kireeva, Maria B; Ekaykin, Alexey A; Veres, Arina N; Aleynikov, Alexander A; Frolova, Natalia L; Tsyplenkov, Anatolii S; Poliukhov, Aleksei A; Chalov, Sergey R; Aleshina, Maria A; Kornilova, Ekaterina D (2019): Djankuat glacier station in the North Caucasus, Russia: a database of glaciological, hydrological, and meteorological observations and stable isotope sampling results during 2007–2017. Earth System Science Data, 11(3), 1463-1481, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1463-2019
	Rets, Ekaterina P; Popovnin, Viktor V; Toropov, Pavel A; Smirnov, Andrew M; Tokarev, Igor V; Chizhova, Julia N; Budantseva, Nadine A; Vasil'chuk, Yurij K; Kireeva, Maria B; Ekaykin, Alexey A; Veres, Arina N; Aleynikov, Alexander A; Frolova, Natalia L; Tsyplenkov, Anatolii S; Poliukhov, Alexey; Chalov, Sergey R; Aleshina, Maria A; Kornilova, Ekaterina D (2026): Snow density measurements in the spatially distributed net in the Djankuat research basin from 2007-2017 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.895125
Funding:	Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), grant/award no. FMWZ-2025-0003: Governmental Order to Water Problems Institute
	Russian Science Foundation, grant/award no. 22-17-00133: Progressive escalation of the reduction of ice and water resources in the Caucasus: reality or myth? (URI: https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-17-00133/)
	Russian Science Foundation, grant/award no. 25-77-10049: Outburst hazard assessment of mountain glacial lakes of the Central Caucasus under climate change using modelling and machine learning methods
Coverage:	MEDIAN LATITUDE: 42.711742 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: 43.184548 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 42.454760 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: 43.115740 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 42.759320 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: 43.201700
	DATE/TIME START: 2021-06-09T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-09-03T00:00:00
	MINIMUM ELEVATION: 2635.0 m * MAXIMUM ELEVATION: 2635.0 m
Event(s):	Djankuat_Base * LATITUDE: 43.208000 * LONGITUDE: 42.735000 * ELEVATION: 2635.0 m * LOCATION: Russia * METHOD/DEVICE: Multiple investigations (MULT)
Parameter(s):	DATE/TIME (Date/Time) * GEOCODE * PI: Gubanov, Afanasy (https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1145-5878, afanasygubanov@gmail.com)
	Snow height [m] (Snow h) * PI: Gubanov, Afanasy (https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1145-5878, afanasygubanov@gmail.com)
	Density, snow [kg/m**3] (Density snow) * PI: Gubanov, Afanasy (https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1145-5878, afanasygubanov@gmail.com)
	LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE * PI: Gubanov, Afanasy (https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1145-5878, afanasygubanov@gmail.com)
	LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE * PI: Gubanov, Afanasy (https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1145-5878, afanasygubanov@gmail.com)
	Comment (Comment) * PI: Gubanov, Afanasy (https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1145-5878, afanasygubanov@gmail.com)
License:	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Status:	Curation Level: Enhanced curation (URI: https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels)
Size:	120 data points
*/
Date/Time	Snow h [m]	Density snow [kg/m**3]	Latitude	Longitude	Comment
2021-06-09	3.50	590	42.45476	43.11939	stake 18
2021-06-20	2.25	620	42.45476	43.11939	stake 18
2021-06-26	1.40	610	42.45476	43.11939	stake 18
2021-06-14	6.35	610	42.45539	43.11574	stake 49
2021-06-19	5.69	610	42.45539	43.11574	stake 49
2021-07-21	2.40	650	42.45539	43.11574	stake 49
2022-05-24	3.94	560	42.75240	43.20170	stake 12
2022-06-03	4.15	580	42.75240	43.20170	stake 12
2022-06-17	3.07	590	42.75240	43.20170	stake 12
2022-06-21	2.39	590	42.75240	43.20170	stake 12
2022-07-03	1.66	610	42.75240	43.20170	stake 12
2022-06-01	4.70	620	42.75770	43.19890	stake 18
2022-06-18	5.04	610	42.75880	43.19300	stake 49
2022-07-03	4.38	650	42.75880	43.19300	stake 49
2022-08-13	1.11	650	42.75880	43.19300	stake 49
2022-08-26	0.07	650	42.75880	43.19300	stake 49
2023-06-12	2.41	570	42.75511	43.20038	stake 16
2023-06-21	1.64	570	42.75511	43.20038	stake 16
2023-07-03	0.64	580	42.75511	43.20038	stake 16
2023-05-30	6.30	570	42.75799	43.19858	stake 18
2023-06-24	5.00	570	42.75799	43.19858	stake 18
2023-06-17	6.21	570	42.75932	43.19167	stake 49
2023-06-24	5.81	570	42.75932	43.19167	stake 49
2023-07-13	4.88	610	42.75932	43.19167	stake 49
2023-07-30	3.33	640	42.75932	43.19167	stake 49
2023-08-16	1.71	600	42.75932	43.19167	stake 49
2024-05-28	3.55	580	42.75279	43.20134	stake 12
2024-06-11	2.30	590	42.75279	43.20134	stake 12
2024-06-28	0.87	600	42.75279	43.20134	stake 12
2024-06-02	3.64	610	42.75824	43.19860	stake 18
2024-06-18	2.33	590	42.75824	43.19860	stake 18
2024-06-27	1.52	620	42.75824	43.19860	stake 18
2024-07-06	0.40	730	42.75824	43.19860	stake 18
2024-06-08	7.25	580	42.75930	43.19172	stake 49
2024-06-17	6.93	610	42.75930	43.19172	stake 49
2024-07-07	5.91	630	42.75930	43.19172	stake 49
2024-07-23	4.90	660	42.75930	43.19172	stake 49
2024-08-06	3.62	660	42.75930	43.19172	stake 49
2024-08-20	3.00	680	42.75930	43.19172	stake 49
2024-09-03	2.40	670	42.75930	43.19172	stake 49