Citation:

PANGAEA.989275

Name: Polarella glacialis gene copies from Yermak Plateau sediment core KH21-234-34GC1
Published: 2026-01-30
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Arctic; Dinoflagellate; gene copy number; Magnetic susceptibility; Radiocarbon; Sea ice

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Published: 2026-01-30 • DOI registered: 2026-01-30

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Abstract:

Gene copies of the sympagic dinoflagellate Polarella glacialis were determined by droplet digital PCR on samples from marine sediment core KH21-234-34GC collected from the Yermak Plateu (81.2199280 ˚N, 2.3710955˚E ) with a gravity corer at 1011m water depth during cruise KH21-234. DNA from gravity core sediments was extracted in the NORCE ancient DNA laboratory using the DNeasy PowerMax Soil Kit (Qiagen). Primers targeting the ITS1 region of P. glacialis were used in ddPCR reactions to determine gene copies per g of sediment.

Keyword(s):

Arctic; Dinoflagellate; gene copy number; Magnetic susceptibility; Radiocarbon; Sea ice

Supplement to:

Mayers, Kyle M J; Vollmar, Nele Manon; Cordier, Tristan; Weiner, Agnes K M; Müller, Juliane; Larsen, Aud; De Schepper, Stijn (2026): First-year sea ice history in the Arctic Ocean inferred from ancient DNA of Polerella glacialis over the past 50,000 years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 678, 119809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119809

Funding:

European Research Council (ERC), grant/award no. 101118519 : Into the Blue - Resolving past Arctic greenhouse climate (i2B)

Horizon 2020 (H2020), grant/award no. 818449 : Genetic information for Arctic sea ice study

Coverage:

Latitude: 81.219928 * Longitude: 2.371096

Date/Time Start: 2021-07-07T14:42:29 * Date/Time End: 2021-07-07T14:42:29

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.10 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 4.50 m

Event(s):

KH21-234-34GC * Latitude: 81.219928 * Longitude: 2.371096 * Date/Time: 2021-07-07T14:42:29 * Elevation: -1011.0 m * Recovery: 466 cm * Campaign: * Basis: * Method/Device: Gravity corer (GC)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Cruise/expedition	Expedition		Mayers, Kyle M J
2	Station label	Station		Mayers, Kyle M J
3	Core	Core		Mayers, Kyle M J
4	Section	Section	#	Mayers, Kyle M J
5	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Mayers, Kyle M J		Geocode – Cumulative depth
6	Depth, section	Depth sect	cm	Mayers, Kyle M J		Top depth (in section)
7	Depth, section	Depth sect	cm	Mayers, Kyle M J		Bottom depth (in section)
8	Sample ID	Sample ID		Mayers, Kyle M J
9	Laboratory code/label	Lab label		Mayers, Kyle M J
10	AGE	Age	ka BP	Mayers, Kyle M J		Geocode
11	Gene copies per gram sediment	GCN per sed	#/g	Mayers, Kyle M J	Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR); DNA extracted using DNeasy PowerMax Soil Kit (Qiagen)	Polarella glacialis, replicate A
12	Gene copies per gram sediment	GCN per sed	#/g	Mayers, Kyle M J	Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR); DNA extracted using DNeasy PowerMax Soil Kit (Qiagen)	Polarella glacialis, replicate B
13	Gene copies per gram sediment	GCN per sed	#/g	Mayers, Kyle M J	Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR); DNA extracted using DNeasy PowerMax Soil Kit (Qiagen)	Polarella glacialis, replicate C
14	Gene copies per gram sediment	GCN per sed	#/g	Mayers, Kyle M J	Average	Polarella glacialis, Average all replicates

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

816 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Expedition	2 Station	3 Core	4 Section [#]	5 Depth sed [m] (Cumulative depth)	6 Depth sect [cm] (Top depth (in section))	7 Depth sect [cm] (Bottom depth (in section))	8 Sample ID	9 Lab label	10 Age [ka BP]	11 GCN per sed [#/g] (Polarella glacialis, replicat...)	12 GCN per sed [#/g] (Polarella glacialis, replicat...)	13 GCN per sed [#/g] (Polarella glacialis, replicat...)	14 GCN per sed [#/g] (Polarella glacialis, Average ...)
KH21-234	34	GC	1	0.10	9	10	KH21-34GC_Sec.1-060	AGEN_23_023	0.338	194.36	160.69	160.69	171.91
KH21-234	34	GC	1	0.25	24	25	KH21-34GC_Sec.1-045	AGEN_A_23_068	0.806	88.35	213.26	182.79	161.47
KH21-234	34	GC	1	0.40	39	40	KH21-34GC_Sec.1-030	AGEN_23_022	1.569	66.44	104.19	48.32	72.98
KH21-234	34	GC	1	0.55	54	55	KH21-34GC_Sec.1-015	AGEN_A_23_067	2.609	114.46	108.43	180.72	134.54
KH21-234	34	GC	2	0.74	4	5	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-126	AGEN_23_021	4.433	51.29	101.07	95.04	82.47
KH21-234	34	GC	2	0.80	10	11	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-120	AGEN_A_23_066	4.580	69.77	9.10	36.40	38.43
KH21-234	34	GC	2	0.90	20	21	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-110	AGEN_A_23_065	5.341	121.79	95.91	143.10	120.27
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.00	30	31	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-100	AGEN_23_020	6.171	73.15	73.15	94.49	80.26
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.07	37	38	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-093	AGEN_A_23_064	6.760	8.95	0.00	8.95	5.97
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.14	44	45	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-086	AGEN_A_23_063	7.357	74.35	25.80	18.21	39.45
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.20	50	51	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-080	AGEN_23_019	7.523	116.99	60.78	45.58	74.45
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.24	54	55	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-076	AGEN_A_23_062	7.629	51.72	27.38	51.72	43.60
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.28	58	59	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-072	AGEN_23_018	7.742	104.88	51.68	74.48	77.01
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.32	62	63	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-068	AGEN_A_23_061	7.855	25.45	25.45	34.43	28.44
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.36	66	67	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-064	AGEN_23_017	8.040	27.34	9.11	34.93	23.80
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.42	72	73	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-058	AGEN_A_23_060	8.261	27.43	27.43	33.52	29.46
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.50	80	81	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-050	AGEN_23_016	8.548	42.73	41.20	21.36	35.10
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.57	87	88	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-043	AGEN_A_23_059	8.782	19.85	18.32	35.12	24.43
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.64	94	95	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-036	AGEN_A_23_058	9.021	83.68	76.07	80.64	80.13
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.70	100	101	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-030	AGEN_23_015	9.232	95.36	40.87	62.06	66.10
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.77	107	108	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-023	AGEN_A_23_057	9.697	43.40	32.93	58.37	44.90
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.84	114	115	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-016	AGEN_A_23_056	10.252	47.37	61.12	100.84	69.78
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.90	120	121	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-010	AGEN_A_23_055	10.688	37.99	18.24	27.36	27.86
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.94	124	125	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-006	AGEN_23_014	10.977	18.31	62.56	36.62	39.16
KH21-234	34	GC	2	1.97	127	128	KH21-34GC_Sec.2-003	AGEN_A_23_054	11.216	9.15	45.74	27.44	27.44
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.02	2	3	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-128	AGEN_23_013	11.779	50.18	10.64	21.29	27.37
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.06	6	7	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-124	AGEN_A_23_053	12.086	45.50	12.13	62.19	39.94
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.10	10	11	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-120	AGEN_23_012	12.365	51.46	49.95	49.95	50.45
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.15	15	16	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-115	AGEN_A_23_052	12.743	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.20	20	21	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-110	AGEN_A_23_051	13.098	18.13	18.13	31.73	22.66
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.25	25	26	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-105	AGEN_23_011	13.199	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.30	30	31	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-100	AGEN_A_23_072	13.293	55.74	98.28	61.61	71.88
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.35	35	36	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-095	AGEN_A_23_050	13.379	18.32	0.00	18.32	12.21
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.40	40	41	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-090	AGEN_23_010	13.464	30.47	39.61	45.70	38.59
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.45	45	46	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-085	AGEN_A_23_049	13.590	37.71	72.40	18.10	42.74
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.50	50	51	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-080	AGEN_A_23_048	13.642	9.13	27.39	9.13	15.21
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.55	55	56	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-075	AGEN_23_009	13.681	70.11	138.70	120.41	109.74
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.58	58	59	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-072	AGEN_A_23_047	13.698	8.99	8.99	8.99	8.99
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.62	62	63	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-068	AGEN_A_23_046	13.726	0.00	10.60	0.00	3.53
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.66	66	67	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-064	AGEN_A_23_045	13.754	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.70	70	71	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-060	AGEN_23_008	13.777	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.74	74	75	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-056	AGEN_A_23_044	13.806	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.78	78	79	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-052	AGEN_A_23_043	13.834	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.81	81	82	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-049	AGEN_A_23_042	13.855	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.85	85	86	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-045	AGEN_23_007	13.884	10.58	0.00	30.23	13.60
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.88	88	89	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-042	AGEN_A_23_041	13.903	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.92	92	93	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-038	AGEN_A_23_040	13.932	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.95	95	96	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-035	AGEN_A_23_039	13.957	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	2.99	99	100	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-031	AGEN_A_23_038	13.992	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	3.02	102	103	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-028	AGEN_23_006	14.297	0.00	10.68	0.00	3.56
KH21-234	34	GC	3	3.08	108	109	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-022	AGEN_A_23_037	15.403	126.77	126.77	51.31	101.61
KH21-234	34	GC	3	3.14	114	115	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-016	AGEN_A_23_036	16.519	0.00	9.14	9.14	6.10
KH21-234	34	GC	3	3.20	120	121	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-010	AGEN_23_005	17.625	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	3	3.27	127	128	KH21-34GC_Sec.3-003	AGEN_A_23_035	19.321	0.00	8.98	0.00	2.99
KH21-234	34	GC	4	3.35	5	6	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-120	AGEN_A_23_034	22.125	0.00	27.13	9.04	12.06
KH21-234	34	GC	4	3.42	12	13	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-113	AGEN_23_004	24.430	10.59	10.59	9.08	10.09
KH21-234	34	GC	4	3.48	18	19	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-107	AGEN_A_23_033	26.416	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	4	3.54	24	25	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-101	AGEN_A_23_032	28.323	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	4	3.60	30	31	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-095	AGEN_23_003	29.831	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	4	3.70	40	41	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-085	AGEN_A_23_031	32.014	0.00	9.13	0.00	3.04
KH21-234	34	GC	4	3.80	50	51	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-075	AGEN_A_23_030	34.269	0.00	9.12	0.00	3.04
KH21-234	34	GC	4	3.90	60	61	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-065	AGEN_A_23_029	36.237	0.00	10.46	8.97	6.48
KH21-234	34	GC	4	4.00	70	71	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-055	AGEN_A_23_028	38.463	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	4	4.10	80	81	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-045	AGEN_23_002	40.914	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	4	4.20	90	91	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-035	AGEN_A_23_027	44.084	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
KH21-234	34	GC	4	4.30	100	101	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-025	AGEN_A_23_026	45.436	0.00	0.00	8.92	2.97
KH21-234	34	GC	4	4.40	110	111	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-015	AGEN_A_23_025	46.755	28.34	0.00	17.00	15.12
KH21-234	34	GC	4	4.50	120	121	KH21-34GC_Sec.4-005	AGEN_23_001	48.136	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00