Citation:

PANGAEA.988423

Name: Chironomidae subfossil record from a sediment core of the Anthropocene reveals potential as a paleoclimatic proxy at a Brazilian Tropical Coast site
Published: 2026-01-26
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Published: 2026-01-26 • DOI registered: 2026-02-24

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Abstract:

This dataset presents sedimentological, geochemical, and subfossil Chironomidae data from a mangrove core collected at Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil (approx. 23°S, 44°W). The record includes head capsule counts of Chironomidae separated into three size fractions (>250 µm, 250–88 µm, and 88–74 µm), along with sediment density, chronological information, and concentrations of major and trace elements (e.g., Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Ti, Si, P, S, and others). Linear and power-based air temperature reconstructions (°C) were derived from Chironomidae assemblages using transfer functions developed for tropical regions. The core was sampled in 2023 and dated using combined ²¹⁰Pb analyses with CRS model, covering approximately the last 170 years (1860–2024 CE). Sediment slices of 1 cm were analyzed for biological and geochemical parameters to assess recent environmental and climatic variability in tropical coastal ecosystems. Chironomidae head capsules were extracted using standard subfossil preparation protocols, mounted under optical microscopy, and identified to morphotype level following Walker (2001) and Brooks et al. (2007) with aditional personal modifications. Elemental concentrations were determined via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and total density was measured gravimetrically.

References:

Brooks, Steve J; Langdon, Peter G; Heiri, Oliver (2007): The Identification and Use of Palaearctic Chironomidae Larvae in Palaeoecology. Quaternary Research Association, Technical Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London Quaternary Research Association Technical Guide, 10, 276 pp, https://edoc.unibas.ch/entities/publication/8701126d-f70d-4972-ad94-4b59d5cdf706

Walker, Ian R (2001): Midges: Chironomidae and Related Diptera. In: Smol, JP, Birks, HJB, Last, WM (eds.), Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research, 4, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 43-66, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47671-1_3

Coverage:

Latitude: -23.121500 * Longitude: -44.258000

Date/Time Start: 2023-10-17T14:30:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-10-17T14:30:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.01 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.30 m

Event(s):

CEADS03_Core_01 * Latitude: -23.121500 * Longitude: -44.258000 * Date/Time: 2023-10-17T14:30:00 * Elevation: 0.0 m * Method/Device: PVC corer (PVCcorer) * Comment: Core collected from mangrove sediment at Ilha Grande island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Subsamples used for subfossil Chironomidae analysis, geochemistry and radiometric dating (Pb-210)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz		Geocode
2	Density	Density	g/cm³	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz
3	Age	Age	a AD/CE	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz
4	AGE	Age	ka BP	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz		Geocode
5	Chironomidae	Chironomidae	#	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	Counting >250 µm fraction
6	Chironomidae	Chironomidae	#	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	Counting 88-250 µm
7	Chironomidae	Chironomidae	#	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	Counting 74-88 µm
8	Temperature, air, reconstructed	T air reconst	°C	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	Transfer function, tropical regions, linear reconstruction
9	Temperature, air, reconstructed	T air reconst	°C	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	Transfer function, tropical regions, power reconstruction
10	Silver	Ag	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
11	Aluminium	Al	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
12	Arsenic	As	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
13	Barium	Ba	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
14	Bismuth	Bi	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
15	Calcium	Ca	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
16	Cerium	Ce	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
17	Chloride	Cl	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
18	Cobalt	Co	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
19	Chromium	Cr	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
20	Copper	Cu	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
21	Iron	Fe	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
22	Lanthanum	La	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
23	Light elements fraction	LE	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
24	Magnesium	Mg	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
25	Manganese	Mn	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
26	Molybdenum	Mo	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
27	Niobium	Nb	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
28	Neodymium	Nd	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
29	Nickel	Ni	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
30	Phosphorus	P	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
31	Lead	Pb	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
32	Praseodymium	Pr	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
33	Rubidium	Rb	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
34	Sulfur	S	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
35	Antimony	Sb	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
36	Selenium	Se	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
37	Silicon	Si	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
38	Strontium	Sr	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
39	Thorium	Th	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
40	Titanium	Ti	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
41	Vanadium	V	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
42	Yttrium	Y	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
43	Zinc	Zn	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
44	Zirconium	Zr	mg/kg	Ramos-Oliveira, Ana Beatriz	X-ray fluorescence (XRF)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Size:

891 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Depth sed [m]	2 Density [g/cm³]	3 Age [a AD/CE]	4 Age [ka BP]	5 Chironomidae [#] (Counting >250 µm fraction)	6 Chironomidae [#] (Counting 88-250 µm)	7 Chironomidae [#] (Counting 74-88 µm)	8 T air reconst [°C] (Transfer function, tropical r...)	9 T air reconst [°C] (Transfer function, tropical r...)	10 Ag [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	11 Al [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	12 As [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	13 Ba [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	14 Bi [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	15 Ca [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	16 Ce [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	17 Cl [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	18 Co [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	19 Cr [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	20 Cu [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	21 Fe [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	22 La [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	23 LE [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	24 Mg [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	25 Mn [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	26 Mo [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	27 Nb [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	28 Nd [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	29 Ni [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	30 P [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	31 Pb [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	32 Pr [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	33 Rb [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	34 S [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	35 Sb [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	36 Se [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	37 Si [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	38 Sr [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	39 Th [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	40 Ti [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	41 V [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	42 Y [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	43 Zn [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))	44 Zr [mg/kg] (X-ray fluorescence (XRF))
0.01	1.11	2024	-0.074	3	7	82				70134	9	385		5747	124	22801			22	23903	105	689116		337		34			956	84		97	9858			163525	161	27	10681		18	187	1121
0.02	0.53	2023	-0.073	2	28	65				80189	6	421		4789	110	22026			17	28121	151	672723	11413	219	7	30	199		815	66		108	12852	34		157243	170	32	7507	101	19	129	696
0.03	0.60	2022	-0.072						6	77624	6	448		3930	147	13940	67	59	28	25981	133	648657		416		50			1298	41		109	10323	32		198332	171	29	15131		28	98	2039
0.04	0.95	2021	-0.071	0	12	39				67609	5	413		3959	93	13951	79		21	22673	72	671779		414		41			958	31		101	15162			188569	162	29	11918		24	82	1562
0.05	0.88	2019	-0.069							72537	6	520	28	3528	144	17901			25	20842	106	628275		421		47	289		927	33		98	12026			223267	159	13	15239	193	24	83	1984
0.06	1.02	2018	-0.068	4	8	38			8	64783	5	494		3682	114	34869			21	17630	98	642351		437	8	37	233		777	44	146	102	9480			211188	153	13	13939		16	71	1345
0.07	0.86	2017	-0.067							73614	6	481		3559	129	17537		48	23	18557	87	649966		427		44			1026	36		110	12122			205126	166	26	14158		23	81	1810
0.08	0.90	2016	-0.066	1	10	20			7	70994	5	476	29	3520	161	14703	62	49	19	20636	85	645295		349		43	205		839	34	132	112	15622			212789	170	25	12052		22	82	1445
0.09	1.05	2014	-0.064							72526	4	479		3493	117	14212	66		25	21366		651414		346		39			936	33	153	105	17552	31		202530	163	24	11855	141	21	79	1367
0.10	0.84	2012	-0.062	0	6	25				70421	5	462		3167	112	11440			36	21349	70	647336		485		41	261	11	1251	31		100	15759			210401	164	28	15643		24	83	2011
0.11	1.20	2010	-0.060							69976	5	494		3470	121	11927			24	21073	82	644920		484		39			1229	33		102	15196			212021	160	26	15860	135	24	79	1681
0.12	0.88	2009	-0.059	0	3	25				66460	7	408		3273	95	21051			19	25752	81	665346		290		30	195	11	773	50	125	109	21459	33		182951	167	32	9170		21	90	1099
0.13	0.73	2006	-0.056							67284	5	422		3299	119	14836			20	22398	80	678108		353		34			957	35		104	18508	41		180023	166	20	12659		19	80	1251
0.14	1.16	2004	-0.054	1	3	32				68831	6	448	29	3374	106	11990			31	22534		662742		475		42			1228	31		101	16998			192735	159	24	16378	140	21	79	1753
0.15	1.71	2002	-0.052							71093	4	506		3519	125	13791			19	21996	127	653497		407		37	238		789	35	230	101	19625			200242	168	22	13002		22	78	1257
0.16	1.00	1997	-0.047	0	4	21				73067	6	479		3466	127	10469			29	22902	75	647409	8547	444		42			1286	34		108	18351		2	203156	171	20	16690	152	21	86	1559
0.17	0.87	1995	-0.045							71887	6	467		2780	115	11946			27	24008	80	643503		422		42			1154	29		109	19969	36		205087	167	19	14174		25	86	1680
0.18	1.23	1993	-0.043	1	1	19				71062	4	500		2892	110	12776		63	20	25232	102	639242		396	7	45			994	34		105	22026			209679	163	14	14027	140	23	81	1623
0.19	1.36	1991	-0.041							66366	6	473		3057	114	10733			25	19944	98	627243		395		37			1345	24		100	18416			235176	166	26	13869		17	68	1385
0.20	1.50	1986	-0.036	0	1	13			8	66564	5	549	29	2753	143	7540		56	38	21028	101	636761		662		47	283	10	1946	25		93	13679			222349	151	11	22803		27	83	2581
0.21	1.74	1982	-0.032						9	68067	4	559	25	3013	117	7410		79	40	19847	82	618911	9293	532		37	281		2361	27		99	13394			243422	165	13	20284		22	75	2102
0.22	1.13	1975	-0.025	0	1	5	22.58	21.80		63952	5	505	28	3003	113	8261	64		26	18537	120	610436		561		48	205		1227	25	141	98	10368	34		262454	162	13	19362	172	27	68	2281
0.23	1.33	1968	-0.018						7	69316	6	514		2993	127	11135			22	19113	109	627200		485		41			904	27	159	107	11695			235589	173	18	15754	141	21	77	1641
0.24	1.19	1962	-0.012	1	5	12	22.75	22.55	6	74479	4	507		3197	144	11466			23	20090	111	628510		378		41	226		915	30	155	105	12280	33		231525	173	25	12739		21	76	1461
0.25	1.04	1952	-0.002						8	75199		398		3020	148	10839			23	21657	68	635542		478		43	195		900	29		99	14115	42		218695	164	29	15987		21	80	1529
0.26	1.29	1942	0.008	1	1	14	22.72	22.47		75351	6	496		2851	171	10101			33	23027	107	644379		455		43	223		1070	32		106	16005	33		206673	169	22	14898		22	83	1527
0.27	1.07	1923	0.027							77280	7	462		2902	127	11819			27	25618	93	635211		437		39			1074	34		110	21063			206182	172	29	14606		21	85	1561
0.28	0.93	1898	0.052	0	5	12	22.74	22.51		71032	8	463		3095	124	11758			24	24342	72	651054		374		38	208		862	33		109	20656			200512	175	22	13428		18	78	1266
0.29	1.11	1880	0.070						7	73660	5	474		3029	122	10910			24	24888	106	648947	9351	431		36		9	982	34	141	108	21114	38		193885	172	23	15455		23	82	1450
0.30	1.41	1862	0.088	0	2	12	22.70	22.38		74678	7	459		3261	129	13879	72		21	25784	90	645897		387	8	42	223		913	37		106	24119	32		196748	165	28	11777	132	22	83	1443