Gatti Luciana V lvgatti@gmail.com 0000-0003-4908-8974 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos INPE http://www.inpe.br https://ror.org/04xbn6x09 Marani Luciano lmarani@gmail.com 0000-0001-7382-464X Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos INPE http://www.inpe.br https://ror.org/04xbn6x09 Correa Caio C S cacorrea@gmail.com Domingues Lucas G lgtdomingues@gmail.com 0000-0003-4868-917X Neves Raiane Lopes raiane.lopesneves@gmail.com Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos INPE http://www.inpe.br https://ror.org/04xbn6x09 Meireles Francine francinemsilva@hotmail.com Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos INPE http://www.inpe.br https://ror.org/04xbn6x09 Baggio Guilherme dkpriobaggio@gmail.com Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos INPE http://www.inpe.br https://ror.org/04xbn6x09 Cunha Camilla L camillalimacunha@gmail.com Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos INPE http://www.inpe.br https://ror.org/04xbn6x09 Martinewski Alexandre martinewski@gmail.com Santana Ricardo Ricardo.inpe@gmail.com Crispim Stephane P stephane.crispim@gmail.com 2026 CO2 Vertical Profiles on Four Sites over Amazon from 2010 to 2024 dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.988417 2026-02-28T00:03:13 To improve diagnosis of Amazonia's carbon cycle, starting in 2010, we initiated regular observation of lower troposphere CO2 concentrations at four aircraft vertical profiling sites spread over the Brazilian Amazonia. The four sites from the CARBAM project at Amazonia: SAN (2.86S 54.95W); ALF (8.80S 56.75W); RBA (9.38S 67.62W); TAB (5.96S 70.06W) was from 2010 to 2012, TEF (3.39S 65.6W), started in 2013 until 2021 and CZS (7.00S 72.50W) started in 2022. The sampling period was typically twice per month (Gatti et al., 2014; Basso et al., 2016; Miller et al., 2007; d'Amelio et al., 2009; Domingues et al., 2020). Over nine-years, 590 vertical profiles were performed in a descending spiral profile from 4420 m to 300 m a.s.l. A mean of 75 vertical profiles was performed per year from 2010 to 2024 at the 5 sites, except for 2015 and 2016. In 2015 the flight collection was stopped in April at all sites, returning only in November at RBA. In 2016 only RBA and ALF were measured. The vertical profiles were usually taken between 12:0 and 13:00 local time. Air is sampled by semi-automatic filling of 0.7 L boro-silicate flasks inside purpose-built suitcases (PFP -Programmable Flask Package) (Tans et al., 1996); there are two versions, one with 17 flasks at SAN, and another with 12 flasks at TAB_TEF, ALF and RBA. This suitcase is connected to a compressor package (PCP –Portable Compressor Package), containing batteries and 2 compressors, which is connected to an air inlet on the outside of the aircraft at wing or window, depending on the aircraft model. Once a PFP (i.e. one vertical profile) has been filled with air the PFP is transported (from 2010 to 2014) to the IPEN (Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares) Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory in Sao Paulo, Brazil and since 2015 to the INPE/ LaGEE(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais/Greenhouse Gases Laboratory), in Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. This laboratory is a replica of the NOAA/ESRL/GMD trace gas analysis system at Boulder, Colorado, USA, and was constructed in 2003 and sent to IPEN where started the analysis in 2004.Air samples were analysed with a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analyser for CO2. To ensure the accuracy, we construct a calibration curve every 2 samples. The calibration curve constructed with 3-standards concentrations, produced by NOAA/ESRL/GMD. The "High" (10 ppm higher than medium), "medium" (similar to mean CO2 concentration founded in Amazonia), and "Low" (10 ppm lower than medium). We have an intercomparison program with NOAA at Natal site (5S, 35W, located at Brazilian northeast coast) where the comparison IPEN/INPE-NOAA was -0.05 ± 0.38ppm. The precision is analysed based on CO2mole fraction from "target tanks" (calibrated CO2 in air in high pressure cylinders treated as unknowns by NOAA) and demonstrated long-term repeatability of 0.03 ppm and a difference between measured and calibrated values of 0.03 ppm. Additional information can be shared from the LaGEE/INPE group as temperature, precipitation, and others parameters used by the group for the Nature paper entitled "Decrease in Amazonia carbon uptake linked to trends in deforestation and climate" (Gatti et al, 2021). d'Amelio Monica T S Gatti Luciana V lvgatti@gmail.com 0000-0003-4908-8974 Miller John B john.b.miller@noaa.gov 0000-0001-8630-1610 Tans Pieter P 2009 Regional N2O fluxes in Amazonia derived from aircraft vertical profiles journal article Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9(22) https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8785-2009 8785-8797 Domingues Lucas G lgtdomingues@gmail.com 0000-0003-4868-917X Gatti Luciana V lvgatti@gmail.com 0000-0003-4908-8974 Aquino Afonso Sanchez Alber 0000-0001-7966-2880 Correia Caio S C 0000-0002-3675-0159 Gloor Manuel eugloor@gmail.com Peters Wouter 0000-0001-8166-2070 Miller John B john.b.miller@noaa.gov 0000-0001-8630-1610 Turnbull J 0000-0002-0306-9658 Santana Ricardo Ricardo.inpe@gmail.com Marani Luciano lmarani@gmail.com 0000-0001-7382-464X Câmara Gilberto gilberto.camara@inpe.br http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/ 0000-0002-3681-487X Neves Raiane Lopes raiane.lopesneves@gmail.com Crispim Stephane P stephane.crispim@gmail.com 2020 A new background method for greenhouse gases flux calculation based in back-trajectories over the Amazon journal article Atmosphere 11(7) https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070734 734 Gatti Luciana V lvgatti@gmail.com 0000-0003-4908-8974 Correa Caio C S cacorrea@gmail.com Domingues Lucas G lgtdomingues@gmail.com 0000-0003-4868-917X Miller John B john.b.miller@noaa.gov 0000-0001-8630-1610 Gloor Manuel eugloor@gmail.com Martinewski Alexandre martinewski@gmail.com Basso Luana Santamaria luanabasso@gmail.com 0000-0002-4208-6039 Santana Ricardo Ricardo.inpe@gmail.com Crispim Stephane P stephane.crispim@gmail.com Marani Luciano lmarani@gmail.com 0000-0001-7382-464X Neves Raiane Lopes raiane.lopesneves@gmail.com 2021 CO2 Vertical Profiles on Four Sites over Amazon from 2010 to 2018 dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.926834 Gatti Luciana V lvgatti@gmail.com 0000-0003-4908-8974 Gloor Manuel eugloor@gmail.com Miller John B john.b.miller@noaa.gov 0000-0001-8630-1610 Doughty C E 0000-0003-3985-7960 Malhi Yadvinder Domingues Lucas G lgtdomingues@gmail.com 0000-0003-4868-917X Basso Luana Santamaria luanabasso@gmail.com 0000-0002-4208-6039 Martinewski Alexandre martinewski@gmail.com Correia Caio S C 0000-0002-3675-0159 Borges Viviane F 0000-0002-0336-5457 Freitas S 0000-0002-9879-646X Braz R 0000-0003-3958-5563 Anderson Liana Oighenstein 0000-0001-9545-5136 Rocha H Grace J Phillips O L 0000-0002-8993-6168 Lloyd J 0000-0002-5458-9960 2014 Drought sensitivity of Amazonian carbon balance revealed by atmospheric measurements journal article Nature 506(7486) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12957 76-80 Miller John B john.b.miller@noaa.gov 0000-0001-8630-1610 Gatti Luciana V lvgatti@gmail.com 0000-0003-4908-8974 d'Amelio Monica T S Crotwell Andrew M Dlugokencky Edward J Ed.Dlugokencky@noaa.gov Bakwin Peter Artaxo Paulo artaxo@if.usp.br 0000-0001-7754-3036 Tans Pieter P 2007 Airborne measurements indicate large methane emissions from the eastern Amazon basin journal article Geophysical Research Letters 34(10) https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL029213 Tans Pieter P Bakwin Peter Guenther Douglas W 1996 A feasible Global Carbon Cycle Observing System: a plan to decipher today's carbon cycle based on observations journal article Global Change Biology 2(3) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00082.x 309-318 -70.5 -54.95 -9.38 -2.86 -64.22000000000001 -6.243333333333335 85.0 215.0 not specified São Paulo Research Foundation FAPESP https://fapesp.br/ https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001807 FAPESP 02016/2018-2 CARBAM - Interannual variation of Amazon Basin greenhouse gas balances and their controls in a warming and increasingly variable climate - Carbam - the Amazon Carbon Balance Long-term Study ALF_aircraft -8.8 -56.75 Brazil 215.0 Aircraft AC CZS_aircraft -7.0 -70.5 Brazil Aircraft AC RBA_aircraft -9.38 -67.62 Brazil 130.0 Aircraft AC SAN_aircraft -2.86 -54.95 Brazil 195.0 Aircraft AC TAB_aircraft -5.74 -69.9 Brazil 175.0 Aircraft AC TEF_aircraft -3.68 -65.6 Brazil 85.0 Aircraft AC 28 CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Please contact the coordinator Luciana V. Gatti: mailto:luciana.gatti@inpe.br or mailto:lvgatti@gmail.com Vertical profiles of CO2 performed from 2010 to 2024 at the 6 sites in Brazilian Amazonia (SAN - 2.86S, 54.95W; ALF - 8.80S, 56.75W; RBA - 9.38S, 67.62W; TAB - 5.74S, 69.90W; TEF - 3.39S, 65.60W and CZS - 7.00S, 70.5W): 6 files Background concentrations of CO2 and CO and time trajectories from 2010 to 2024 for the 4 regions in Brazilian Amazonia (SAN - 2.86S, 54.95W; ALF - 8.80S, 56.75W; RBA - 9.38S, 67.62W and TAB - 5.74S, 69.90W / TEF - 3.39S, 65.60W / CZS - 7.00S, 70.5W), calculated using BKG Method (Domingues et al., 2020): 8 files. 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