10.1594/PANGAEA.988290Pastor, AdaAdaPastor0000-0002-7114-770XUniversitat de GironaHolmboe, Cecilie Marie HartvigCecilie Marie HartvigHolmboe0009-0005-5842-1857Aarhus UniversityHan, XingguoXingguoHanWSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFFrossard, AlineAlineFrossard0000-0003-1699-6220WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFRomaní, Anna MAnna MRomaníUniversitat de GironaKjær, Jakob BJakob BKjærAarhus UniversityTank, JenniferJenniferTankUNIV NOTRE DAMEGiménez-Grau, PauPauGiménez-GrauCatalan Institute for Water ResearchHille, ErikaErikaHilleAurora CollegeD'Acqui, Luigi PLuigi PD'AcquiConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi TerrestriCatalán, NúriaNúriaCatalánCentre d'Estudis Avançats de BlanesRiis, TennaTennaRiis0000-0003-2501-4444Aarhus UniversityPANGAEA2026Arcticdiversitynitrogen genesSedimentstreamwater chemistryWatershedEvent labelSample code/labelLatitude of eventLongitude of eventDATE/TIMEElevation of eventpHTemperature, waterConductivity, electricalAmmoniumNitrateCarbon, organic, dissolvedNitrogen, organic, dissolvedNitrogen, total dissolvedSize fraction > 2 mm, gravelSize fraction 2.000-0.630 mm, coarse sandSize fraction 0.630-0.200 mm, medium sandSize fraction 0.200-0.063 mm, fine sandLoss on ignitionNitrogenCarbonNormalized Difference Vegetation IndexCatchment areaSlope16S rRNA gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massAOA-amoA gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massAOB-amoA gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massnifH gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massnrxB gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massnosZ gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massnirS gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massqnorB gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massMultiple investigations2021-07-09T00:00:00/2021-09-17T00:00:00Dataset10.1029/2023GB0078401477 data pointstext/tab-separated-valuesCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 InternationalThis study integrates molecular, environmental, and spatiotemporal data to examine the structure and function of streambed microbial communities across Arctic regions experiencing rapid climate change. Sediment samples were collected from 28 streams spanning four Arctic regions during summer 2021, including 15 Greenlandic streams that were sampled three times throughout the open-water season to capture temporal variation. Microbial community composition was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while functional potential for nitrogen cycling was quantified through qPCR targeting six key genes involved in N-fixation (nifH), nitrification (amoA, nxrB), and denitrification (nirS, norB, nosZ). Environmental data included catchment characteristics, streamwater and sediment caractheristics. These molecular and environmental datasets were integrated with spatial and temporal sampling metadata to assess biogeographic and seasonal trends. Together, these data provide a comprehensive framework for understanding how Arctic stream microbial communities and nitrogen cycling functions respond to spatial heterogeneity and seasonal dynamics under ongoing climate change.-149.592708412.0074867.7533333378.93631Northeast GreenlandSvalbardInuvik region, CanadaAlaska North SlopeAarhus Universityhttps://doi.org/10.13039/100007605AUFF-E-2020-9-16Deciphering the role of rocks as nitrogen source for biological cycling in Arctic freshwaters (RockNrole)Danish National Research Foundationhttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100001732DNRF185Center for Ice-Free Arctic Research (CIFAR)Horizon 2020https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007601730938Nitrogen sources for Arctic freshwaters (NitroFresh)Horizon 2020https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007601839709Linking Chemical diversity and Reactivity of Arctic dissolved Organic Matter for its integration in Earth system modelSpanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universitieshttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100004837RYC2022-036661-IVillum Fondenhttps://doi.org/10.13039/10000839800028351Nitrogen in rocks: an overlooked nutrient source in Arctic aquatic ecosystems