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Pastor, Ada; Holmboe, Cecilie Marie Hartvig; Han, Xingguo; Frossard, Aline; Romaní, Anna M; Kjær, Jakob B; Tank, Jennifer; Giménez-Grau, Pau; Hille, Erika; D'Acqui, Luigi P; Catalán, Núria; Riis, Tenna (2026): Microbial Nitrogen Cycling Genes in Arctic Streams [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.988290

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

Published: 2026-02-09DOI registered: 2026-02-09

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Abstract:
This study integrates molecular, environmental, and spatiotemporal data to examine the structure and function of streambed microbial communities across Arctic regions experiencing rapid climate change. Sediment samples were collected from 28 streams spanning four Arctic regions during summer 2021, including 15 Greenlandic streams that were sampled three times throughout the open-water season to capture temporal variation. Microbial community composition was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while functional potential for nitrogen cycling was quantified through qPCR targeting six key genes involved in N-fixation (nifH), nitrification (amoA, nxrB), and denitrification (nirS, norB, nosZ). Environmental data included catchment characteristics, streamwater and sediment caractheristics. These molecular and environmental datasets were integrated with spatial and temporal sampling metadata to assess biogeographic and seasonal trends. Together, these data provide a comprehensive framework for understanding how Arctic stream microbial communities and nitrogen cycling functions respond to spatial heterogeneity and seasonal dynamics under ongoing climate change.
Keyword(s):
Arctic; diversity; nitrogen genes; Sediment; stream; water chemistry; Watershed
Supplement to:
Holmboe, Cecilie Marie Hartvig; Riis, Tenna; Han, Xingguo; Frossard, Aline; Romaní, Anna M; Kjær, Jakob B; Tank, Jennifer; Giménez-Grau, Pau; Hille, Erika; D'Acqui, Luigi P; Catalán, Núria; Pastor, Ada (accepted): Spatial and Temporal Variability of Microbial Nitrogen Cycling Genes in Arctic Streams. Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Related to:
Holmboe, Cecilie Marie Hartvig; Pastor, Ada; Riis, Tenna (2024): Stream Nitrogen Concentrations Across Arctic Vegetation Gradients. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 38(2), e2023GB007840, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007840
Funding:
Aarhus University (AU), grant/award no. AUFF-E-2020-9-16: Deciphering the role of rocks as nitrogen source for biological cycling in Arctic freshwaters (RockNrole)
Danish National Research Foundation (DG), grant/award no. DNRF185: Center for Ice-Free Arctic Research (CIFAR)
Horizon 2020 (H2020), grant/award no. 730938: Nitrogen sources for Arctic freshwaters (NitroFresh)
Horizon 2020 (H2020), grant/award no. 839709: Linking Chemical diversity and Reactivity of Arctic dissolved Organic Matter for its integration in Earth system model
Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICINN), grant/award no. RYC2022-036661-I
Villum Fonden, grant/award no. 00028351: Nitrogen in rocks: an overlooked nutrient source in Arctic aquatic ecosystems
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 73.527082 * Median Longitude: -49.890874 * South-bound Latitude: 67.753333 * West-bound Longitude: -149.592708 * North-bound Latitude: 78.936310 * East-bound Longitude: 12.007480
Date/Time Start: 2021-07-09T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2021-09-17T00:00:00
Minimum Elevation: 5.7 m * Maximum Elevation: 890.4 m
Event(s):
Aucella_microbes  * Latitude: 74.503270 * Longitude: -20.541790 * Date/Time Start: 2021-07-18T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2021-09-12T00:00:00 * Elevation: 153.9 m * Location: Northeast Greenland * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)
Austre-Bayelva_microbes  * Latitude: 78.919940 * Longitude: 11.826250 * Date/Time: 2021-08-23T00:00:00 * Elevation: 52.5 m * Location: Svalbard * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)
Bayelva_microbes  * Latitude: 78.920320 * Longitude: 11.795890 * Date/Time: 2021-08-27T00:00:00 * Elevation: 50.4 m * Location: Svalbard * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Event labelEventPastor, Ada
Sample code/labelSample labelPastor, Ada
Latitude of eventLatitudePastor, Ada
Longitude of eventLongitudePastor, Ada
DATE/TIMEDate/TimePastor, AdaGeocode
Elevation of eventElevationmPastor, Ada
pHpHPastor, Adastreamwater
Temperature, waterTemp°CPastor, Adastreamwater
Conductivity, electricalECµS/cmPastor, Adastreamwater
10 Ammonium[NH4]+mg/lPastor, Adastreamwater
11 Nitrate[NO3]-mg/lPastor, Adastreamwater
12 Carbon, organic, dissolvedDOCmg/lPastor, Adastreamwater
13 Nitrogen, organic, dissolvedDONmg/lPastor, Adastreamwater
14 Nitrogen, total dissolvedTDNmg/lPastor, Adastreamwater
15 pHpHPastor, Adasediment
16 Conductivity, electricalECµS/cmPastor, Adasediment
17 Size fraction > 2 mm, gravel>2 mm%Pastor, AdaSediment size >2000 m
18 Size fraction 2.000-0.630 mm, coarse sand2000-630 µm%Pastor, AdaSediment size 2000-630 m
19 Size fraction 0.630-0.200 mm, medium sand630-200 µm%Pastor, AdaSediment size 630-200 m
20 Size fraction 0.200-0.063 mm, fine sand200-63 µm fS%Pastor, AdaSediment size 200 63 m
21 Loss on ignitionLOI%Pastor, Ada
22 Ammonium[NH4]+mg/lPastor, Adasediment
23 Nitrate[NO3]-mg/lPastor, Adasediment
24 NitrogenN%Pastor, Adasediment
25 CarbonC%Pastor, Adasediment
26 Normalized Difference Vegetation IndexNDVIPastor, Ada
27 Catchment areaCatch areakm2Pastor, Ada
28 SlopeSlopedegPastor, Ada
29 16S rRNA gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry mass16S rRNA gene/sed dm#/gPastor, Ada
30 AOA-amoA gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massAOA-amoA/sed dm#/gPastor, AdaArchaeal amoA gene (encoding ammonium monooxygenase) in sediment samples, quantified from extracted DNA
31 AOB-amoA gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massAOB-amoA/sed dm#/gPastor, AdaBacterial amoA gene (encoding ammonium monooxygenase) in sediment samples, quantified from extracted DNA
32 nifH gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massnifH/sed dm#/gPastor, AdanifH gene (encoding the nitrogenase enzyme) in sediment samples, quantified from extracted DNA
33 nrxB gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massnrxB/sed dm#/gPastor, AdanrxB gene (encoding the beta subunit of nitrite oxidoreductase) in sediment samples, quantified from extracted DNA
34 nosZ gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massnosZ/sed dm#/gPastor, AdanosZ gene (encoding nitrous oxide reductase) in sediment samples, quantified from extracted DNA
35 nirS gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massnirS/sed dm#/gPastor, AdanirS gene (encoding cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase) in sediment samples, quantified from extracted DNA
36 qnorB gene, copy number, per unit sediment dry massqnorB/sed dm#/gPastor, AdaqnorB gene (encoding quinol-dependent nitric oxide reductase ) in sediment samples, quantified from extracted DNA
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
1477 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Event

Sample label

Latitude

Longitude

Date/Time

Elevation [m]

pH
(streamwater)

Temp [°C]
(streamwater)

EC [µS/cm]
(streamwater)
10 
[NH4]+ [mg/l]
(streamwater)
11 
[NO3]- [mg/l]
(streamwater)
12 
DOC [mg/l]
(streamwater)
13 
DON [mg/l]
(streamwater)
14 
TDN [mg/l]
(streamwater)
15 
pH
(sediment)
16 
EC [µS/cm]
(sediment)
17 
>2 mm [%]
(Sediment size >2000 m)
18 
2000-630 µm [%]
(Sediment size 2000-630 m)
19 
630-200 µm [%]
(Sediment size 630-200 m)
20 
200-63 µm fS [%]
(Sediment size 200 63 m)
21 
LOI [%]
22 
[NH4]+ [mg/l]
(sediment)
23 
[NO3]- [mg/l]
(sediment)
24 
N [%]
(sediment)
25 
C [%]
(sediment)
26 
NDVI
27 
Catch area [km2]
28 
Slope [deg]
29 
16S rRNA gene/sed dm [#/g]
30 
AOA-amoA/sed dm [#/g]
(Archaeal amoA gene (encoding ...)
31 
AOB-amoA/sed dm [#/g]
(Bacterial amoA gene (encoding...)
32 
nifH/sed dm [#/g]
(nifH gene (encoding the nitro...)
33 
nrxB/sed dm [#/g]
(nrxB gene (encoding the beta ...)
34 
nosZ/sed dm [#/g]
(nosZ gene (encoding nitrous o...)
35 
nirS/sed dm [#/g]
(nirS gene (encoding cytochrom...)
36 
qnorB/sed dm [#/g]
(qnorB gene (encoding quinol-d...)
Toolik_Inlet_microbes Toolik Inlet68.6251-149.59272021-08-217237.847.4120.10.0050.03404.000.180.210007.0052.2077.2611.809.281.434.861.64000.03000.3415.460.70348.3248082803.995553335536.70099736.214176476.24415850191.59072532274.2301290938.6856933529.165149494295.600
Imnavait_microbes Imnavait68.6250-149.32472021-08-248646.876.1129.50.0050.043810.320.290.340005.9153.0013.0118.1947.8720.2412.926.47000.72000.7051.030.7142.6338327774.5983091104417.00052256.591356835.518365023814.000173861530.30011005134.51012053298.290525415902.700
Kuparuk_microbes Kuparuk68.6408-149.39982021-08-257486.896.190.40.0100.06653.970.160.230006.7926.9063.5614.8015.016.034.473.23000.14000.3618.660.715133.5446559007.121200590613.80051720.683182177.7175086780.71741081632.430816595.3963928687.166101031331.000
Oksrukuyik_microbes Oksrukuyik68.6858-149.10032021-08-267626.846.454.30.0210.03995.980.210.270006.6533.2048.9318.2520.1911.699.923.99000.23000.5724.770.69472.1691928103.296760132558.700372374.748117956.02370691422.91090490254.4202906626.30611902179.880278148865.100
Trevor_microbes Trevor68.2834-149.37162021-07-098908.283.8387.90.0010.33600.540.160.490008.9658.8744.7433.1417.864.333.290.44000.21000.1911.100.2981.36651900031.77019395800.7203606.6663652.818142123.0881861226.98269078.331220289.2669074835.912
Rengleng_River_microbes Rengleng River67.7533-133.86252021-08-24347.4111.7258.60.0360.02847.590.290.350007.40125.002.6715.5775.186.103.8317.76000.03000.247.670.7231065.0994710001.513233281325.80024077.741132362.68119623144.2809351845.259498068.5335866757.43386712575.380
Caribou_Creek_microbes Caribou Creek68.0872-133.49222021-08-24207.1610.6244.00.0160.01525.240.200.230007.4342.707.7425.6356.339.672.626.20000.22000.196.580.690574.6124332001.46912919505.7602137.80546147.8617380829.3561673143.259239263.9561427102.89324697247.570
Havipak_Creek_microbes Havipak Creek68.3130-133.52352021-08-19487.135.3160.60.0050.072720.600.700.770008.16147.6081.1411.646.330.876.0312.88000.10000.4237.360.75720.5307474603.061695319232.40036515.281272544.72435757249.86038752798.5701598344.19910551889.830181941338.000
Austre-Bayelva_microbes Austre-Bayelva78.919911.82622021-08-23537.960.266.20.0480.02040.700.040.110007.9376.2741.1319.0034.405.136.020.05000.55000.4325.13-0.06813.02256733017.080590782565.6004606116.30764653.6191013350.05624670120.100613146.902264702.10769369370.460
Mørebekken_microbes Mørebekken78.936311.82412021-08-25497.983.7159.10.0020.08300.370.050.130008.7156.6362.5118.5616.182.251.680.42000.11000.1628.87-0.1442.13048784019.04088108019.16083698.13430466.677618546.8838898070.845242307.056478764.84126533286.600
Storvatenet_microbes Storvatenet78.922811.88602021-08-21568.729.9268.70.0410.02062.810.200.260007.33152.9360.9016.0615.996.216.849.63000.24000.4931.130.2340.3832431803.820556576529.20039408.148494159.64234820513.95038940812.4801295621.90714689566.710149247730.400
Bayelva_microbes Bayelva78.920311.79592021-08-27508.253.7123.70.0010.04590.540.100.150008.16153.100.9821.3263.0913.862.052.05000.09000.1466.120.0320.2246910408.790705789965.50017543.713356356.95940395814.81012162276.5301340552.6063074538.474137656594.400
Voitelva_microbes Voitelva78.906612.00752021-08-28637.431.2145.50.0210.03820.480.050.110008.41299.0754.9325.1214.884.150.850.06000.08000.112.90-0.1734.03145259023.720994774.234846.0391283.46538556.16519623.7988749.62661082.218
Kærelv_A_microbes Kærelv A July74.4947-20.49632021-07-101907.7010.6101.00.0060.01801.380.040.066007.8797.0046.8528.4121.752.062.030.16560.43280.152.810.1600.85540025113.55018344569.290402912.992568419.311781539.6406459304.160275443.320424547.0739170451.718
Kærelv_C_microbes Kærelv C July74.4710-20.51882021-07-09147.6010.6144.00.0280.00301.710.070.101007.3139.1043.9535.4617.042.910.900.69700.36320.140.010.3404.7216800258.03028426733.960106578.22643451.6084396612.8003048267.234267685.073704162.86015048115.520
West_1_microbes West 1 July74.4739-20.60762021-07-11356.3015.424.00.0210.00601.370.070.097006.5354.8060.9920.3315.301.731.382.55400.48160.154.810.0805.06384992612.120757354471.90062861.242156566.22523987297.190125522133.5002379726.3648061304.677196302894.400
West_2_microbes West 2 July74.4716-20.65562021-07-131195.704.612.00.0160.01600.580.030.066006.717.9726.7829.2232.3610.870.720.80720.35300.121.020.0201.65895806420.28019425038.62019577.487112797.969269204.0935949691.733363822.10716125762.440
West_3_microbes West 3 July74.4605-20.69272021-07-13137.907.016.00.0140.02400.340.010.052006.7225.8044.6630.8819.224.590.850.92550.20620.182.16-0.0104.77210145021.55090349483.890103652.28382344.506680977.7289938077.119838387.075111565.91723753742.650
Tørvedammen_microbes Tørvedammen July74.4793-20.55722021-07-14376.5012.059.00.0160.00002.590.120.141006.8763.9058.9731.728.130.881.434.15610.41710.162.590.4301.3719136314.410113194470.8004881.666388532.3656492322.2369973914.845800824.148755191.89428701540.620
Lindemann_tributary_microbes Lindemann tributary July74.5392-20.65342021-07-151827.804.5985.00.0280.03300.260.010.067007.74280.0018.4818.9254.856.970.920.21200.13120.131.870.0200.48353704424.0104930627.65414257.78823488.206507678.266473260.02272354.90672299.8481601814.704
Palnatoke_microbes Palnatoke July74.5273-20.57522021-07-152136.808.953.00.0370.02500.480.010.073007.8787.808.2414.8768.467.902.440.03960.16690.114.110.02011.25711042016.55014514939.81041118.934172565.220676976.8411397861.667295695.685613907.1905143333.805
Jurassic_1_microbes Jurassic 1 July74.4322-20.28992021-07-17594.308.4705.00.0930.03300.320.000.089004.89122.5015.132.7463.6817.842.710.39690.09770.139.820.03010.24402684016.7104770991.69310406.97120365.7442550783.162172514.77569218.16875118.6041362111.859
Jurassic_2_microbes Jurassic 2 July74.4398-20.30802021-07-171064.1010.21316.00.0910.13000.310.000.169004.31282.0040.2628.5728.772.046.770.31720.24790.2222.920.0801.3360453267.1106638960.78835437.67819740.48336244035.990103691.93599062.2651299834.375
Aucella_microbes Aucella July74.5033-20.54182021-07-181547.307.6153.00.0420.05900.210.000.085007.51152.506.0329.7838.3024.603.780.18870.13580.2417.570.0203.83707552715.5708392579.22234336.021237360.732629186.308748719.864174976.547326147.9334459131.475
Grænseelv_microbes Grænseelv July74.4732-20.50832021-07-19236.9013.2212.00.0350.01301.300.070.115007.1659.4026.9325.9038.688.280.810.29050.14460.121.240.3702.4477177498.17070273631.660186887.13487828.8782163691.1706312544.103284119.287789199.19313559154.740
Grænseelv_microbesGrænseelv August74.4732-20.50832021-08-05236.9010.2268.00.0050.00502.220.210.222007.0171.6015.1352.0528.094.320.580.75140.18340.080.660.3302.4477177498.1707484880.54248822.38638504.330683722.1383007506.596132195.912271036.7688808239.564
Kærelv_C_microbesKærelv C August74.4710-20.51882021-08-05147.2011.5304.00.0130.00600.940.040.063006.9145.8023.3355.2219.921.300.850.29970.18070.000.040.3104.7216800258.030111589163.100106621.14064603.0112217326.1637700482.215259916.086664820.56315878052.800
Kærelv_A_microbesKærelv A August74.4947-20.49632021-08-071907.508.7313.00.0680.03201.490.170.273008.00125.305.5234.4457.312.012.840.91020.64180.100.750.1400.85540025113.550218037759.600555186.0591754125.2571248297.3399949396.706738794.7671205877.44721205710.650
Aucella_microbesAucella August74.5033-20.54182021-08-071547.507.1306.00.0060.13100.600.100.241007.62177.506.8520.1759.5812.803.800.46670.25840.000.010.0403.83707552715.5704248454.9951944.31653483.958257975.03977735.36756340.192111012.337801136.688
Palnatoke_microbesPalnatoke August74.5273-20.57522021-08-092137.009.586.00.0170.03200.380.030.080007.64136.4020.108.4645.2125.842.880.82540.12700.020.240.03011.25711042016.5504096565.7443366.21143936.922395929.521118987.13882519.052133819.202621620.652
Lindemann_tributary_microbesLindemann tributary August74.5392-20.65342021-08-091827.8011.91846.00.0250.00800.630.050.088007.88231.006.7316.6359.4716.481.490.13260.14400.010.120.0400.48353704424.0108258002.14410753.22731359.097277992.023301789.12092382.03680799.4482390870.317
Tørvedammen_microbesTørvedammen August74.4793-20.55722021-08-11376.009.4107.00.0130.03202.960.240.283006.70128.0061.3826.9810.420.890.980.31890.20710.000.070.4101.3719136314.410112406772.9008796.97446311.76513994961.4003911994.534386889.641445795.71224574757.560
West_1_microbesWest 1 August74.4739-20.60762021-08-11357.2013.454.00.0300.01401.640.080.124006.51139.7041.5944.8611.771.290.780.27400.33880.000.040.0705.06384992612.120147945480.6004508.81651500.3833159323.84119596110.110509692.8852140275.52336163659.000
West_4_microbes West 4 August74.4486-20.78542021-08-1297.109.3161.00.0200.14900.890.060.229000.1720.6032.2524.9432.169.550.570.50880.13100.000.030.0700.43448668428.20027299731.860244440.19913478.425315446.8924947014.443184264.28058460.84620303500.770
West_5_microbes West 5 August74.4542-20.85252021-08-1267.206.180.00.0250.06101.440.090.177007.1421.6066.2421.4010.282.130.981.38870.18290.070.950.0500.75061063828.650249247780.90061320.41427502.6911351421.50935506286.380872451.918167452.49079770308.610
Jurassic_2_microbesJurassic 2 August74.4398-20.30802021-08-141063.709.34140.00.1860.09100.760.000.221004.17932.0015.8043.7236.203.658.210.17540.26460.263.410.0801.3360453267.11014465238.75021029.5665575.65838391380.130182952.90195370.0541254682.422
Jurassic_1_microbesJurassic 1 August74.4322-20.28992021-08-14594.309.11347.00.0920.05900.400.020.168003.69237.002.726.4948.1641.353.600.14860.12740.000.020.04010.24402684016.7107353398.3356347.3385192.2992656521.58542777.82941562.835479605.044
Kærelv_C_microbesKærelv C September74.4710-20.51882021-09-08147.303.1393.00.0490.00801.800.050.109206.1856.804.8776.9915.702.011.040.19480.30561.0213.520.2304.7216800258.03061986956.610121164.35066512.5264380124.9085206834.646292506.2361212844.43617378797.090
Kærelv_A_microbesKærelv A September74.4947-20.49632021-09-081907.503.2530.00.0290.20701.160.030.269707.50142.9034.2838.2924.712.462.920.03780.75080.151.980.1100.85540025113.550236055686.100706266.3061033734.0447663320.60810618790.880942062.6261690229.04121838159.270
West_5_microbesWest 5 September74.4542-20.85252021-09-1067.101.3133.00.0340.34101.040.020.396606.84146.1053.299.1016.9520.208.0858.28801.01880.496.500.0500.75061063828.6504228805489.000207975.272798485.82230967073.900120539915.4008162535.3602380167.834388917463.100
West_4_microbesWest 4 September74.4486-20.78542021-09-1097.001.1234.00.0230.16001.140.040.225507.0153.9078.5312.626.372.271.123.47620.68762.1628.800.0700.43448668428.20093911191.38017756.82918844.7471400494.63619258581.880510235.129139385.06745076402.340
Aucella_microbesAucella September74.5033-20.54182021-09-121547.700.01201.00.0330.60900.680.060.698807.99235.0064.5911.0018.745.022.860.15110.16600.000.040.0403.83707552715.5707538601.78120227.28439464.591979456.679388055.801146265.247435032.7151932549.915
Tørvedammen_microbesTørvedammen September74.4793-20.55722021-09-12377.600.081.00.0200.01001.750.090.122606.9431.102.930.32190.09470.000.030.2901.3719136314.4101406481860.00056675.614177432.070128555279.00034454560.6702721043.0313745742.50879552193.610
West_1_microbesWest 1 September74.4739-20.60762021-09-12356.400.192.00.0070.02102.300.100.127207.0538.7031.1226.5332.1410.042.280.03820.14610.000.020.0405.06384992612.120637871054.20085006.30683476.4776825362.92787156746.4401739289.3371875899.571122281550.000
West_3_microbesWest 3 September74.4605-20.69272021-09-13137.401.343.00.0190.22000.220.000.222807.4420.6055.3311.6920.3312.000.971.43770.41480.000.020.0204.77210145021.550315648322.60078887.456116143.541791395.65610733243.0301147757.588200839.73142265489.590
West_2_microbesWest 2 September74.4716-20.65562021-09-131197.102.544.00.0000.13100.670.010.138507.4112.5470.9316.5310.781.170.330.56750.40650.000.010.0401.65895806420.28014957500.0101323.44621687.17871436.5461945662.426188529.7999745160.372
Grænseelv_microbesGrænseelv September74.4732-20.50832021-09-15237.000.1358.00.0500.08902.070.040.181407.48105.0021.2943.4030.684.050.670.05350.34520.000.050.2602.4477177498.170144870530.600191206.86177506.3652751635.9974951581.328500879.2761584577.36523404822.970
Zackenberg_River_microbes Zackenberg River September74.4699-20.57422021-09-17307.400.01131.00.0030.05406.780.040.095367.5750.5066.7320.3611.131.800.310.21530.20650.000.02482.22070780016.0403317165.33715485.5748646.28360566.245616818.96538802.52399444.8781721330.832