PANGAEA_988006 NEEM ice core High Resolution (0.025 / 0.05m) Water Isotope Ratios (18O/16O, 2H/1H) covering 0.3-8 ky b2k Gkinis, Vasileios; Vinther, Bo Møllesøe; Quistgaard, Thea; Bach, Jeppe Brøndum; Samin, Emma; Popp, Trevor; Faber, Anne-Katrine; Holme, Christian T; Jensen, Camilla Marie; Lanzky, Mika; Lütt, Anine Maria; Mandrakis, Vasileios; Ørum, Niels Ole; Pedersen, Anna-Sofie; Vaxevani, Nikoletta; Weng, Yongbiao; Capron, Emilie; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Hörhold, Maria; Jones, Tyler R; Jouzel, Jean; Landais, Amaëlle; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; Oerter, Hans; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Sveinbjörnsdottir, Árný E; Svensson, Anders M; Vaughn, Bruce H; James, White NEEM ice core High Resolution (0.025 / 0.05m) Water Isotope Ratios (18O/16O, 2H/1H) covering 0.3-8 ky b2k 2025-12-18 PANGAEA Dataset https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.988006 Investigator Vasileios Gkinis v.gkinis@nbi.ku.dk Earth Science DEPTH, ice/snow Age Maximum Counting Error δ18O, water δ Deuterium, water δ18O, water, standard deviation δ Deuterium, water, standard deviation Offset geoscientificInformation cavity ring-down spectroscopy Greenland Holocene Ice core Ice drill NEEM Paleoclimate water isotopes Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer (CRDS) 2009-05-01 2009-08-20 Complete 77.45 77.45 -51.06 -51.06 98.475 m (DEPTH, ice/snow) 1210.5 m (DEPTH, ice/snow) access rights needed CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (License comes into effect after moratorium ends) English PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://www.pangaea.de/ Data Center Contact Michael Diepenbroek info@pangaea.de

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Bremen Bremen 28359 Germany online 258360 data points text/tab-separated-values Andersen, Katrine K; Svensson, Anders M; Johnsen, Sigfús Jóhann; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Bigler, Matthias; Röthlisberger, Regine; Ruth, Urs; Siggaard-Andersen, Marie-Louise; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Vinther, Bo Møllesøe; Clausen, Henrik Brink (2006): The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005, 15-42 ka. Part 1: constructing the time scale. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25(23-24), 3246-3257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.002 Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Albert, M R; Aldahan, Ala; Azuma, Nobuhiko; Balslev-Clausen, D; Baumgartner, M; Berggren, William A; Bigler, Matthias; Binder, Tobias; Blunier, Thomas; Bourgeois, J C; Brook, Edward J; Buchardt, Susanne L; Buizert, Christo; Capron, Emilie; Chappellaz, Jérôme A; Chung, J; Clausen, Henrik Brink; Cvijanovic, Ivana; Davies, Siwan M; Ditlevsen, P D; Eicher, U; Fischer, H; Fisher, David A; Fleet, Louise G; Gfeller, C; Gkinis, Vasileios; Gogineni, S; Goto-Azuma, Kumiko; Grinsted, Aslak; Gudlaugsdottir, H; Guillevic, Myriam; Hansen, Steffen Bo; Hansson, Margareta E; Hirabayashi, Motohiro; Hong, Sungmin; Hur, Soon Do; Huybrechts, Philippe; Hvidberg, Christine Schøtt; Iizuka, Yoshinori; Jenk, Theo M; Johnsen, Sigfús Jóhann; Jones, Tyler R; Jouzel, Jean; Karlsson, Nanna Bjørnholt; Kawamura, K; Keegan, Brendan; Kettner, E; Kipfstuhl, Sepp; Kjær, Helle Astrid; Koutnik, M; Kuramoto, Takayuki; Köhler, Peter; Laepple, Thomas; Landais, Amaëlle; Langen, P L; Larsen, L B; Leuenberger, Daiana; Leuenberger, Markus Christian; Leuschen, C; Li, Jingbo; Lipenkov, Vladimir Ya; Martinerie, Patricia; Maselli, Olivia J; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; McConnell, Joseph R; Miller, Heinrich; Mini, O; Miyamoto, Atsushi; Montagnat-Rentier, M; Mulvaney, Robert; Muscheler, Raimund; Orsi, Anais J; Paden, John D; Panton, Carla; Pattyn, Frank; Petit, Jean Robert; Pol, Katy; Popp, Trevor; Possnert, Göran; Prié, F; Prokopiou, M; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Raynaud, Dominique; Ren, Jian; Reutenauer, C; Ritz, Catherine; Röckmann, Thomas; Rosen, Julia L; Rubino, Mauro; Rybak, Oleg; Samyn, D; Sapart, Célia-Julia; Schilt, Adrian; Schwander, Jakob; Schüpbach, Simon; Seierstad, Inger K; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P; Sheldon, Simon G; Simonsen, Sebastian B; Sjolte, Jesper; Solgaard, Anne M; Sowers, Todd A; Sperlich, Peter; Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian; Steffen, Konrad; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Steinhage, Daniel; Stocker, Thomas F; Stowasser, Christopher; Sturevik, A S; Sturges, William T; Sveinbjörnsdottir, Árný E; Svensson, Anders M; Tison, Jean-Louis; Uetake, J; Vallelonga, Paul T; van de Wal, Roderik S W; van der Wel, G; Vaughn, Bruce H; Vinther, Bo Møllesøe; Waddington, Edwin D; Wegner, Anna; Weikusat, Ilka; White, James W C; Wilhelms, Frank; Winstrup, Mai; Witrant, Emmanuel; Wolff, Eric William; Xiao, Cheng; Zheng, J (2013): Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core. Nature, 493(7433), 489-494, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11789 Gkinis, Vasileios; Vinther, Bo Møllesøe; Popp, Trevor J; et al. (2021): A 120,000-year long climate record from a NW-Greenland deep ice core at ultra-high resolution. Scientific Data, 8, 141, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00916-9 Gkinis, Vasileios; Vinther, Bo Møllesøe; Popp, Trevor J; Quistgaard, Thea; Faber, Anne-Katrine; Holme, Christian T; Jensen, Camilla-Marie; Lanzky, Mika; Lütt, Anine Maria; Mandrakis, Vasileios; Ørum, Niels Ole; Pedersen, Anna-Sofie; Vaxevani, Nikoletta; Weng, Yongbiao; Capron, Emilie; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Hörhold, Maria; Jones, Tyler R; Jouzel, Jean; Landais, Amaëlle; Masson-Delmotte, Valérie; Oerter, Hans; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Árný-Erla; Svensson, Anders M; Vaughn, Bruce H; White, James W C (2021): A 120,000-year long climate record from a NW-Greenland deep ice core at ultra-high resolution. Scientific Data, 8(1), 141, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00916-9 Govin, Aline; Capron, Emilie; Tzedakis, Polychronis C; Verheyden, S; Ghaleb, Bassam; Hillaire-Marcel, Claude; St-Onge, Guillaume; Stoner, Joseph S; Bassinot, Franck C; Bazin, Lucie; Blunier, Thomas; Combourieu-Nebout, Nathalie; El Ouahabi, A; Genty, Dominique; Gersonde, Rainer; Jimenez-Amat, Patricia; Landais, Amaëlle; Martrat, Belén; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; Parrenin, Frédéric; Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig; Veres, Daniel; Waelbroeck, Claire; Zahn, Rainer (2015): Sequence of events from the onset to the demise of the Last Interglacial: Evaluating strengths and limitations of chronologies used in climatic archives. Quaternary Science Reviews, 129, 1-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.018 Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Abbott, Peter M; Blunier, Thomas; Bourne, Mark; Brook, Edward J; Buchardt, Susanne L; Buizert, Christo; Chappellaz, Jérôme A; Clausen, Henrik Brink; Cook, Eliza; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Davies, Siwan M; Guillevic, Myriam; Kipfstuhl, Sepp; Laepple, Thomas; Seierstad, Inger K; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Stowasser, Christopher; Svensson, Anders M; Vallelonga, Paul T; Vinther, Bo Møllesøe; Wilhelms, Frank; Winstrup, Mai (2013): A first chronology for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core. Climate of the Past, 9(6), 2713-2730, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2713-2013 Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Andersen, Katrine K; Svensson, Anders M; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Vinther, Bo Møllesøe; Clausen, Henrik Brink; Siggaard-Andersen, Marie-Louise; Johnsen, Sigfús Jóhann; Larsen, L B; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Bigler, Matthias; Röthlisberger, Regine; Fischer, Hubertus; Goto-Azuma, Kumiko; Hansson, Margareta E; Ruth, Urs (2006): A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 111, D06102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006079 Ruth, Urs; Barnola, Jean-Marc; Beer, Jürg; Bigler, Matthias; Blunier, Thomas; Castellano, Emiliano; Fischer, Hubertus; Fundel, Felix; Huybrechts, Philippe; Kaufmann, Patrik R; Kipfstuhl, Sepp; Lambrecht, Anja; Morganti, Andrea; Oerter, Hans; Parrenin, Frédéric; Rybak, Oleg; Severi, Mirko; Udisti, Roberto; Wilhelms, Frank; Wolff, Eric William (2007): EDML1: a chronology for the EPICA deep ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years. Climate of the Past, 3, 475-484, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-475-2007 Veres, Daniel; Bazin, Lucie; Landais, Amaëlle; Toyé Mahamadou Kele, H; Lemieux-Dudon, Bénédicte; Parrenin, Frédéric; Martinerie, Patricia; Blayo, Eric; Blunier, Thomas; Capron, Emilie; Chappellaz, Jérôme A; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Severi, Mirko; Svensson, Anders M; Vinther, Bo Møllesøe; Wolff, Eric William (2013): The Antarctic ice core chronology (AICC2012): an optimized multi-parameter and multi-site dating approach for the last 120 thousand years. Climate of the Past, 9(4), 1733-1748, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1733-2013

We present here a high resolution water isotope (18O/16O, 2H/1H) record from the NEEM ice core covering the period 0.3 - 8 ky b2k. The depth resolution of the record is 0.025 m for the interval 98.475 - 601.7 m and 0.05 m for the interval 601.7 - 1210.5 m. The analysis has been performed using Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy with an average precision for the whole record equal to 0.05 and 0.3 ‰ for δ18O and δD respectively. Measurements are calibrated and reported on the SMOW/SLAP scale using a 2-fixed-point calibration. Results are also reported on the GICC05 timescale ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.988006"! ** NEEM ice core stable water isotope record in the interval 98.475 m (342.9 years b2k) - 1210.5 m (8000 years b2k). The record is measured on discrete samples with a depth resolution of 0.025 m for the interval 98.475 - 601.7 m and 0.05 m for the interval 601.7 - 1210.5 m. Analysis was performed using Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy and reported in permile on the SMOW-SLAP scale using a two-fixed-point calibration. Columns 1-sigma_of_run_d18 and 1-sigma_of_run_dD contain the precision of each individual analysis run the data-point belongs to. Columns accuracy_check_offset_d18 and accuracy_check_offset_dD contain the accuracy check metrics of each analysis run. **All depth, age and isotope values refer to the bottom of each interval** ---------------------------------------- The GICC05, GICC05modelext and AICC12 timescales for the NEEM ice core in 2.5/5cm resolution 1) The GICC05 time scale has been transferred to NEEM depths in the following ways: 1a) NEEM depths have been transferred to NGRIP1 by linear interpolation between match points and tephras, and from these, GICC05 ages were obtained using the NGRIP1 (depth, age) relationship for the section from 19.85m to 1335.85m NEEM depths (see Rasmussen et al. 2013 for matching details). 1b) NEEM depths have been transferred to NGRIP2 by linear interpolation between match points and tephras, and from these, GICC05 ages were obtained using the NGRIP2 (depth, age) relationship for the section from 1335.90m to 1955.90m NEEM depths (see Rasmussen et al. 2013 for matching details). Note that for GICC05 the value "MCE" is the Maximum Counting Error of the time scale. See Rasmussen et al. 2006 for a full description. In a standard deviation context, the maximum counting error should be regarded as 2 sigma as discussed in Andersen et al., 2006. All ages are given in kiloyears b2k (years before A.D. 2000).

http://neem.ku.dk NEEM http://www.nbi.ku.dk/english/staff/?pure=en/persons/339558 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.002 The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005, 15-42 ka. Part 1: constructing the time scale https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.018 Sequence of events from the onset to the demise of the Last Interglacial: Evaluating strengths and limitations of chronologies used in climatic archives https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006079 A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11789 Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00916-9 A 120,000-year long climate record from a NW-Greenland deep ice core at ultra-high resolution https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-475-2007 EDML1: a chronology for the EPICA deep ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1733-2013 The Antarctic ice core chronology (AICC2012): an optimized multi-parameter and multi-site dating approach for the last 120 thousand years https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2713-2013 A first chronology for the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium δ Deuterium, water DIF 9.4 2025-12-18 2026-04-30