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PANGAEA.
Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Abstract:
Description of lithologic section units from the above given hole of International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 389 (Hawaiian Drowned Reefs). The content of this dataset is based on the visual core descriptions (VCD) done by sedimentologists during the onshore phase of expedition 389 (2025-02-06 to 2025-02-26 at the Bremen Core Repository (BCR) hosted at MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen). For digitalization of the information, content of the hand-drawn VCD sheets was transferred into the mobile Drilling Information System (mDIS) database. The present dataset forms the basis for the digital lithologic columns and composite plots archived under the titles Visual core description of IODP Hole 389-M00###.
For further methodological information see methods chapter in Webster, J.M. et al., 2025 https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.389.2025
Keyword(s):
central Pacific; Coral Reef; Earth climate feedbacks; Earth history tipping points; Expedition 389; Hawaiian Drowned Reefs; Hawaiian geology; International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP); MMA Valour; Paleoclimate; sea level; volcanic
Coverage:
Latitude: 19.942137 * Longitude: -156.062853
Date/Time Start: 2023-09-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-09-09T00:00:00
Minimum Elevation: -414.2 m * Maximum Elevation: -414.2 m
Event(s):
389-M0097A (KAW-04Ba)  * Latitude: 19.942137 * Longitude: -156.062853 * Date/Time Start: 2023-09-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-09-09T00:00:00 * Elevation: -414.2 m * Location: Hawaii, USA * Campaign: Exp389 (Hawaiian Drowned Reefs (HDR)) * Basis: MMA Valour * Method/Device: Benthic Portable Remotely Operated Drill (PROD5) * Comment: IGSN: IBCR0389EHH5101. Spatial reference system (SRS): 4326. Comment: LAT water depth: 413.6m. Maximum number of barrels used.
Comment:
Data was submitted and proofread by Vera Barbara Bender, MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (University Bremen) on behalf of ECORD Science Operator Data Management (https://www.ecord.org).
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Event labelEvent
Sample code/labelSample labelDSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation
Depth, composite topDepth comp topmcdMCD Interval Top [m]
Depth, composite bottomDepth comp botmcdMCD Interval Bottom [m]
Lithologic unit/sequenceUnitVisual description
Lithologic unit/sequenceUnitVisual descriptionRock Class
Lithology/composition/faciesLithologyVisual descriptionShort description
Color descriptionColor descVisual descriptionMunsell Rock Color Chart Code
MineralsMineralsVisual descriptionMajor Minerals
10 Core disturbanceDisturbanceVisual description
11 Grain size descriptionGrain size descrVisual description
12 BioturbationBioturbationVisual descriptionBioturbation Intensity
13 BioturbationBioturbationVisual descriptionBioturbation Taphonomy
14 FossilsFossilsVisual description
15 Lithology/composition/faciesLithologyVisual descriptionMain description
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
538 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Event

Sample label
(DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation)

Depth comp top [mcd]
(MCD Interval Top [m])

Depth comp bot [mcd]
(MCD Interval Bottom [m])

Unit
(Visual description)

Unit
(Rock Class, Visual description)

Lithology
(Short description, Visual des...)

Color desc
(Munsell Rock Color Chart Code...)

Minerals
(Major Minerals, Visual descri...)
10 
Disturbance
(Visual description)
11 
Grain size descr
(Visual description)
12 
Bioturbation
(Bioturbation Intensity, Visua...)
13 
Bioturbation
(Bioturbation Taphonomy, Visua...)
14 
Fossils
(Visual description)
15 
Lithology
(Main description, Visual desc...)
389-M0097A 389-M0097A-1R-1,0-1040.001.04Mixed-carb/volMixed carb-volcbasalt;boundstone;carbonate sedimentary material5Y 7/2;10YR 6/2;N9;N2slightfine sand;very fine gravel;cobble;very coarse gravel;coarse gravel;medium gravel;fine gravel;very coarse sand;coarse sand;medium sandnonebioerosion;encrustation - multilayeredPorites-undetermined;Porites-branching;Cyphastrea-undetermined;Coralline algaePoorly sorted conglomerate of coralgal and basaltic pebble to cobble-sized grains (including one rhodolith) ; matrix of fine sand to granules composed of bioclasts and few volcanic grains. Bioclasts are composed of CCA, shells, bryozoans, pteropods, echinoid spines. The basalt is aphanitic with few phenocrysts (olivine?), medium-sized, rounded, not coalesced bubbles.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-1R-1,104-1181.041.18FRW-CorAlgBoundSedimentary-Carbonateboundstone5Y 7/2;N9nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionLeptoseris-encrusting;HomotremaFragmented coralgal boundstone
389-M0097A389-M0097A-2R-1,0-401.081.48FRW-CorAlgBoundSedimentary-Carbonateboundstone5Y 7/2;N9;10YR 6/2highnoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionHomotrema;Vermetidae;Porites-undeterminedFragments of corals, CCA, and fine matrix
389-M0097A389-M0097A-3R-1,0-421.401.82FRW-CorAlgBoundSedimentary-Carbonateboundstone5Y 7/2;N9;10YR 6/2highnoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionHomotrema;Porites-undetermined;Porites-branching;GastropodFragments of corals, CCA (including rhodolith), and fine matrix
389-M0097A389-M0097A-4R-1,0-131.821.95FALLMixed carb-volcboundstone;basalt5Y 7/2;N9;10YR 6/2;N3highnoneDisturbed interval with redrilled piece and piece of basalt
389-M0097A389-M0097A-4R-1,13-261.952.08FRW-CorAlgBoundSedimentary-Carbonateboundstone5Y 7/2;N9;10YR 6/2nonenoneCoralline algae;Porites-undeterminedCoralgal boundstone
389-M0097A389-M0097A-5R-1,0-651.902.55FRW-CorAlgBoundSedimentary-Carbonateboundstone5Y 7/2;N9;10YR 6/2nonenonebioerosion;encrustation - multilayeredPorites-undetermined;Coral-branching;Cyphastrea-undetermined;Homotrema;Vermetidae;Gastropod;Bivalve;Echinoderm;Coralline algaeCoralgal boundstone. Below 14 cm: change in abundance of CCA, coral species composition. Embedded in algal crusts: gastropods, bivalve shells, echinoid spines, fine branching corals (probably in situ), Cyphastrea.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-6R-1,0-372.773.14FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2moderatenoneencrustation - multilayeredCoralline algae;Vermetidae;Porites-undeterminedBoundstone with thick algal crusts, corals, and structureless microbialite.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-7R-1,0-393.153.54FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2highnoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-undetermined;Cyphastrea-encrusting;EchinodermFragmented microbialite (structureless), CCA, and corals
389-M0097A389-M0097A-8R-1,0-194.234.42FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2highnoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-undetermined;HomotremaFragmented microbialite (structureless), CCA, and corals
389-M0097A389-M0097A-9R-1,0-304.564.86FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2highnoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Vermetidae;Porites-undetermined;Cyphastrea-undeterminedFragmented microbialite (structureless), CCA, and corals From 6-11 cm: Columnar-laminated microbialite
389-M0097A389-M0097A-10R-1,0-525.736.25FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2moderatenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Vermetidae;Porites-undetermined;Porites-columnar;Pocillopora-undeterminedCoralgal microbialite Bst Top 25 cm are in pieces. 40-52: Columnar Porites encrusted by CCA with Vermetids
389-M0097A389-M0097A-10R-1,52-706.256.43DET-UnconsolidatedSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN8nonecoarse sand;very coarse sandnoneCoralline algae;Echinoderm;Foraminifera;Gastropod;Coral-undeterminedConsolidated, bioclastic grainstone, with echinoid spines, LBF, red algae clasts, gastropod clasts.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-10R-1,70-916.436.64FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2moderatenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Vermetidae;Porites-columnar;HomotremaColumnar Porites encrusted with CCA ( up to 4 cm thick), with Homotrema and Vermetids (Abundant)
389-M0097A389-M0097A-10R-1,91-986.646.71DET-UnconsolidatedSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN8nonecoarse sand;very coarse sandnoneCoralline algae;Echinoderm;Foraminifera;Gastropod;Coral-undeterminedUnconsolidated, bioclastic grainstone, with echinoid spines, LBF, red algae clasts, gastropod clasts. Poorly sorted, some oversized clasts (coral and CCA)
389-M0097A389-M0097A-11R-1,0-117.327.43FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2moderatenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-columnarCoralgal microbialite Bst With columnar Porites and CCA crust
389-M0097A389-M0097A-11R-1,11-267.437.58DET-UnconsolidatedSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN8nonecoarse sand;very coarse sandnoneCoralline algae;Echinoderm;Foraminifera;Gastropod;Coral-undetermined;Porites-undeterminedUnconsolidated, bioclastic grainstone, with echinoid spines, LBF, red algae clasts, gastropod clasts. Poorly sorted, some oversized clasts (coral and CCA)
389-M0097A389-M0097A-11R-1,26-357.587.67FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2moderatenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-columnarCoralgal microbialite Bst With CCA Crust (6 cm), and microbilaite (structureless) crusts At the base : CCA with vermetids (abundant)
389-M0097A389-M0097A-12R-1,0-397.607.99FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2moderatenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-columnar;Porites-branching;Porites-undeterminedModeratly disturbed. Top 20 cm is brecciated. Coralgal microbialite Bst With columnar Porites and CCA crust Porites are heavily bored (Lithophaga borings)
389-M0097A389-M0097A-13R-1,0-118.098.20FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2moderatenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-branching;Porites-undetermined;Porites compressa;VermetidaeModeratly disturbed. Top 20 cm is brecciated. Coralgal microbialite Bst With columnar-branching Porites and CCA crust Corals are heavly bored.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-13R-1,11-758.208.84DET-UnconsolidatedSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN8nonecoarse sand;very coarse sandnoneCoralline algae;Echinoderm;Foraminifera;Gastropod;Coral-undetermined;Porites-undetermined;Pocillopora-undeterminedUnconsolidated, bioclastic grainstone to rudstone, with echinoid spines, LBF, red algae clasts, gastropod clasts. Poorly sorted, some oversized clasts (coral and CCA)
389-M0097A389-M0097A-14R-1,0-8810.0110.89FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2highnoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-branching;Porites-undetermined;Porites-columnar;Gastropod;HomotremaModeratly disturbed. Top 20 cm is brecciated. Coralgal microbialite Bst With columnar-branching Porites and CCA crust Corals are heavly bored. Homotrema in CCA
389-M0097A389-M0097A-15R-1,0-9411.5512.49FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2slightnoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Pocillopora-undetermined;Porites-branching;Pocillopora damicornis;Gastropod;BivalveCoralgal microbialite Bst With columnar-branching corals Multiple geopetal structures Microbialite are almost crusts and are structureless
389-M0097A389-M0097A-15R-1,94-15012.4913.05FRW-AlgBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Gastropod;Bivalve;Vermetidae;HomotremaAlgal Bst. Thick CCA crusts with Cypredae, bivalves, gastropods, Homotrema, Vermetids Abundant Vermetids at the bottom.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-15R-2,0-9213.0513.97FRW-AlgBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Gastropod;Cyphastrea-undetermined;Vermetidae;Porites-massive;HomotremaThick algal Bst Algal cursts (1-5 mm thick) with several coral clasts, gastropods, homotrema and Vermetids
389-M0097A389-M0097A-16R-1,0-3314.3114.64FRW-AlgBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2moderatenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Homotrema;Pocillopora-undeterminedMostly CCA with some Homotrema, Pocillopora clasts
389-M0097A389-M0097A-16R-1,33-7814.6415.09FRW-CorAlgBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-branching;Vermetidae;GastropodCoralgal Bst with mostly Porites
389-M0097A389-M0097A-16R-1,78-10415.0915.35FRW-CorAlgBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2slightnoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Pocillopora-undetermined;Homotrema;EchinodermCoralgal Bst with mostly Pocillopora branches and CCA crusts (15 mm) Homotrema
389-M0097A389-M0097A-17R-1,0-3217.0717.39FALLSedimentary-Carbonatecarbonate sedimentary rock10YR 8/2;N7aragonite;calcitehighnonereworked, brecciated material, possibly with re-coring marks on some debris, at the top of the core Possibly Coralgal boundstone with branching coral
389-M0097A389-M0097A-17R-1,32-4017.3917.47FRW-CorAlgBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-submassiveCoralgal Bst with mostly Porites
389-M0097A389-M0097A-17R-1,40-5317.4717.60FRW-AlgBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Vermetidae;HomotremaAlgal cursts with homotrema and Vermetids
389-M0097A389-M0097A-17R-2,0-8217.6018.42FRW-MicrobAlgBoundSedimentary-Carbonateboundstone10YR 7/4;N9aragonite;calcitenonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Pocillopora-branching;BivalveMicrobial algal bst with bivalves, coral clasts, molluscs fragments, Pocillopora fragments, heavily bored CCA has Homotrema Two types of microbialite identified: Massive and dendritic
389-M0097A389-M0097A-17R-2,82-12318.4218.83FRW-AlgBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Vermetidae;Homotrema;Gastropod;Cyphastrea-undeterminedAlgal Bst with occasional coral clasts mostly Cyphastrea. Homotrema and occasional Vermetids and gastropods
389-M0097A389-M0097A-18R-1,0-2319.8420.07FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2highnoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionPocillopora-branching;Coralline algae;Montipora-branchingCoralgal microbialite heavily disturbed. Mostly branching coral clasts. Corals show thin CCA and microbialite
389-M0097A389-M0097A-19R-1,0-15222.6124.13FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2slightnoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionPocillopora-branching;Coralline algae;Porites-undetermined;Porites-submassive;Homotrema;VermetidaeCoralgal microbialite Bst 20 first cm are heavily disturbed Corals show CCA crusts (mm-cm thick) with vermetids and Homotrema. Microbialite are dominantly dendritic Bottom of core: Discoloration rim around microbialite
389-M0097A389-M0097A-19R-2,0-12824.1325.41FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-columnar;Porites-branching;Pocillopora-branching;Bivalve;EchinodermCoralgal microbialite Bst Corals show CCA crusts (mm-cm thick). Microbialite are colunar (laminated) and dendritic Some Discoloration contact at microbialite and CCA contact At 35 cm: Soft ediment in cavities At 110 cm: Infill is unconsolidated soft sediment
389-M0097A389-M0097A-20R-1,0-14825.2026.68FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-columnar;Porites-branching;Pocillopora-branching;Echinoderm;Gastropod;Vermetidae;HomotremaCoralgal microbialite Bst 0-31 brecciated top with fragments of CCA, Pocillopora, Porites, microbialite, in a soft unconsolidated fine sandy matrix. 31-64 Mostly branching porites and occasionally pocillopora encrusted by columnar microbialite. Microbilites are occasionally encrusting gastropods, CCA and echinoids. 64-105 Large columnar Porites with thin irregular CCA crust, encrusted by microbialite. Some pieces of pocillopora within microbialite. 105-130 Columnar Porites encrusted by CCA, thqt is encrusted by columnar laminar to dendritic microbialite. 130-140 Dominantly laminar to dendritic microbialite encrusting CCA. 140-150 small brqnches of porites in unconsolidated sediment
389-M0097A389-M0097A-20R-2,0-13626.6828.04FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-branching;Pocillopora-branching;Echinoderm;Gastropod;VermetidaeCoralgal microbialite Bst dominated by branching pocillopora and porites with variable CCA crust, embdded in microbialite.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-21R-1,0-15127.7629.27FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-branching;Pocillopora-branching;Vermetidae;Porites-columnar;Homotrema;GastropodCoralgal microbialite Bst dominated by columnar porites with thick CCA crust, embdded in microbialite.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-21R-2,0-13429.2730.61FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;10YR 8/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionCoralline algae;Porites-branching;Pocillopora-branching;Cyphastrea-undetermined;Porites-massiveCoralgal microbialite Bst : complex assemblage of coral, CCA crust embdded in microbialite.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-22R-1,0-15130.4531.96FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;5Y 8/1;5Y 7/2slightnoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionPorites-laminar;Porites-branching;Pocillopora-branching;Porites-submassive;Porites-massive;Coralline algae;Echinoderm;Homotrema;Vermetidae;MolluscFramework of corals, CCA, and microbialite. Microbialite massive transitioning to dendritic (internally laminated). Only little detritus (shells). CCA crusts associated with some vermetids and Homotrema. Microbialite do not fill voids completely. Some cavities remaining.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-22R-2,0-13431.9633.30FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;5Y 8/1;5Y 7/2nonenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionPorites-branching;Pocillopora-branching;Porites-submassive;Coralline algae;Homotrema;Vermetidae;Porites-columnar;Porites-encrustingFramework of corals, mostly Porites, CCA on corals, and microbialite. Microbialite massive up to 10 cm thick (internally laminated). Only few cavities remaining. CCA crusts associated with some vermetids and Homotrema. Microbialite do not fill voids completely.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-23R-1,0-1533.1533.30FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-CarbonateboundstoneN9;5Y 8/1;5Y 7/2highnoneencrustation - multilayeredPorites-undetermined;Coralline algaeFragmented Porites, CCA on corals, and microbialite.
389-M0097A389-M0097A-24R-1,0-9533.3934.34FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-Carbonateboundstone5Y 8/1;5Y 7/2;N9moderatenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionPorites-columnar;Coralline algae;Vermetidae;Arthropod;Echinoderm;ForaminiferaCorals mainly columnar Porites with relatively thin CCA crusts with vermetids. Microbialites massive, internally laminated. Occasional internal sediments with CCA and echinoid spine
389-M0097A389-M0097A-25R-1,0-9234.2835.20FRW-CorAlgMicrobBoundSedimentary-Carbonateboundstone5Y 8/1;5Y 7/2;N9moderatenoneencrustation - multilayered;bioerosionPorites-columnar;Coralline algae;Vermetidae;Echinoderm;Pocillopora-undetermined;Homotrema;MolluscColumnar Porites and Pocillopora. CCA crusts with vermetids and Homotrema. Microbialites massive, some columnar, few dendritic, internally laminated. Microbialite surface with internal sediment (echinoid spine, shells).