<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><md:MetaData xmlns:md="http://www.pangaea.de/MetaData" version="2026-08-17">
<md:citation id="dataset987383">
<md:author id="dataset.author113402">
<md:lastName>Wong</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Carmen Hau Man</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>hau.man.wong@gu.se</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-4880-496X</md:orcid>
<md:affiliation id="dataset.author113402.inst20492">
<md:name>University of Gothenburg</md:name>
<md:optionalName>GU</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>https://www.gu.se</md:URI>
<md:ROR>https://ror.org/01tm6cn81</md:ROR>
</md:affiliation>
</md:author>
<md:author id="dataset.author64062">
<md:lastName>Heuzé</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Céline</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>celine.heuze@gu.se</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-8850-5868</md:orcid>
<md:affiliation id="dataset.author64062.inst20492">
<md:name>University of Gothenburg</md:name>
<md:optionalName>GU</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>https://www.gu.se</md:URI>
<md:ROR>https://ror.org/01tm6cn81</md:ROR>
</md:affiliation>
</md:author>
<md:year>2025</md:year>
<md:title>Daily Arctic polynya masks 1978-2024 from two satellite sea ice products (SMMR, SSM/I &amp; SSMIS and SMOS &amp; SMOS-SMAP)</md:title>
<md:type id="dataset.reftype10" includeInCitation="true">dataset</md:type>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987383</md:URI>
<md:dateTime>2025-11-17T13:24:24</md:dateTime>
</md:citation>
<md:abstract>This dataset provides four daily Arctic polynya masks derived from two satellite sea ice products. The products used are (1) the daily sea ice concentration (SIC) dataset from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (DiGirolamo et al., 2022; for years 1978–2024) and (2) the daily thin ice thickness (SIT) dataset from the University of Bremen Sea Ice Remote Sensing Group (SMOS and SMOS/SMAP Thin Ice Thickness, Huntemann et al., 2014 and Paţilea et al., 2019; for years 2012–2024). The study region covers the Arctic Ocean 65° - 90°N. Two wintertime study periods are included, corresponding to two research articles (Wong, C H M et al., 2026; Heuzé, C &amp; Wong, C H M, in 2025). Polynya thresholds are defined as 50% for SIC and 20 cm for SIT. Details of the full polynya detection method are provided in Wong, C H M et al. (2026).</md:abstract>
<md:reference dataciteRelType="IsSupplementTo" group="200" id="ref136339" relationType="Supplement to" relationTypeId="5">
<md:author id="ref136339.author64062">
<md:lastName>Heuzé</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Céline</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>celine.heuze@gu.se</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-8850-5868</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref136339.author113402">
<md:lastName>Wong</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Carmen Hau Man</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>hau.man.wong@gu.se</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-4880-496X</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:year>2025</md:year>
<md:title>Automatic detection of Arctic polynyas using hybrid supervised-unsupervised deep learning</md:title>
<md:type id="ref136339.reftype1">journal article</md:type>
<md:source id="ref136339.journal4140" relatedTermIds="33964" type="journal">The Cryosphere</md:source>
<md:volume>19(11)</md:volume>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6043-2025</md:URI>
<md:pages>6043-6058</md:pages>
</md:reference>
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<md:author id="ref136338.author113402">
<md:lastName>Wong</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Carmen Hau Man</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>hau.man.wong@gu.se</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-4880-496X</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref136338.author64062">
<md:lastName>Heuzé</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Céline</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>celine.heuze@gu.se</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-8850-5868</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref136338.author56458">
<md:lastName>Ickes</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Luisa</md:firstName>
<md:orcid>0000-0001-8772-4164</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref136338.author71129">
<md:lastName>Zhou</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Lu</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>zhou-l15@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0001-8520-937X</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:year>2026</md:year>
<md:title>The Spatiotemporal Variability, Trends, and Drivers of Winter Arctic Polynyas</md:title>
<md:type id="ref136338.reftype1">journal article</md:type>
<md:source id="ref136338.journal8347" relatedTermIds="34008" type="journal">Journal of Climate</md:source>
<md:volume>39(6)</md:volume>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0312.1</md:URI>
<md:pages>1433-1455</md:pages>
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<md:lastName>DiGirolamo</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Nicolo</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref136344.author113404">
<md:lastName>Parkinson</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Claire</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref136344.author56701">
<md:lastName>Cavalieri</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Donald J</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref136344.author113405">
<md:lastName>Gloersen</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Per</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref136344.author113406">
<md:lastName>Zwally</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>H</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:year>2022</md:year>
<md:title>Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data, Version 2</md:title>
<md:type id="ref136344.reftype10" includeInCitation="true">dataset</md:type>
<md:source>NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center</md:source>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.5067/MPYG15WAA4WX</md:URI>
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<md:lastName>Huntemann</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Marcus</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>marcus.huntemann@uni-bremen.de</md:eMail>
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<md:author id="ref136402.author21599">
<md:lastName>Heygster</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Georg</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>heygster@physik.uni-bremen.de</md:eMail>
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<md:author id="ref136402.author24614">
<md:lastName>Kaleschke</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Lars</md:firstName>
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<md:author id="ref136402.author41127">
<md:lastName>Krumpen</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Thomas</md:firstName>
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<md:lastName>Mäkynen</md:lastName>
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<md:lastName>Drusch</md:lastName>
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<md:year>2014</md:year>
<md:title>Empirical sea ice thickness retrieval during the freeze-up period from SMOS high incident angle observations</md:title>
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<md:source id="ref136402.journal4140" relatedTermIds="33964" type="journal">The Cryosphere</md:source>
<md:volume>8(2)</md:volume>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-439-2014</md:URI>
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<md:firstName>Cătălin</md:firstName>
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<md:lastName>Heygster</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Georg</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>heygster@physik.uni-bremen.de</md:eMail>
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<md:author id="ref136403.author55080">
<md:lastName>Huntemann</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Marcus</md:firstName>
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<md:lastName>Spreen</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Gunnar</md:firstName>
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<md:URI>https://seaice.uni-bremen.de/gunnar-spreen/</md:URI>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-0165-8448</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:year>2019</md:year>
<md:title>Combined SMAP–SMOS thin sea ice thickness retrieval</md:title>
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<md:source id="ref136403.journal4140" relatedTermIds="33964" type="journal">The Cryosphere</md:source>
<md:volume>13(2)</md:volume>
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<md:title>National Academic Infrastructure for Supercomputing in Sweden (NAISS)</md:title>
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