/* DATA DESCRIPTION:
Citation:	Dale, Andy W; Lomnitz, Ulrike (2025): Porewater geochemistry of sediment core AL561_5-1 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987351
Abstract:	The AL561 cruise was conducted in the framework of the project APOC ("Anthropogenic impacts on Particulate Organic Carbon cycling in the North Sea"). This collaborative project between GEOMAR, AWI, HEREON, UHH, and BUND is to understand how particulate organic carbon (POC) cycling contributes to carbon sequestration in the North Sea and how this ecosystem service is compromised and interlinked with global change and a range of human pressures include fisheries (pelagic fisheries, bottom trawling), resource extraction (sand mining), sediment management (dredging and disposal of dredged sediments) and eutrophication. The main aim of the sampling activity during AL561 cruise was to recover undisturbed sediment from high accumulation sites in the Skagerrak/Kattegat and to subsample sediment/porewater at high resolution in order to investigate sedimentation transport processes, origin of sediment/POC and mineralization processes over the last 100- 200 years. Moreover, the actual processes of sedimentation and POC degradation in the water column and benthic layer will be addressed by sampling with CTD and Lander devices. In total 9 hydroacoustic surveys (59 profiles), 4 Gravity Corer, 7 Multicorer, 3 BIGO Lander and 3 CTD stations were successfully conducted during the AL561 cruise.
Keyword(s):	Geochemistry; MUC; North Sea; porewater; Porewater chemistry
Related to:	Spiegel, Timo; Dale, Andrew W; Lenz, Nina; Schmidt, Mark; Moros, Matthias; Lindhorst, Sebastian; Wolschke, Hendrik; Müller, Daniel; Butzin, Martin; Fuhr, Michael; Kalapurakkal, Habeeb Thanveer; Kasten, Sabine; Wallmann, Klaus (2025): Mass accumulation rates decreased in the Skagerrak basin over the last 100 years. Continental Shelf Research, 286, 105411, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2025.105411
	Spiegel, Timo; Dale, Andrew W; Lenz, Nina; Schmidt, Mark; Sommer, Stefan; Becker, Kevin W; Elling, Felix J; Porz, Lucas; Daewel, Ute; Fuhr, Michael; Kalapurakkal, Habeeb Thanveer; Wallmann, Klaus (2025): Benthic POC cycling in the Skagerrak basin: The role of lateral POC input. Continental Shelf Research, 293, 105536, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2025.105536
	Spiegel, Timo; Dale, Andrew W; Lenz, Nina; Schmidt, Mark; Sommer, Stefan; Kalapurakkal, Habeeb Thanveer; Przibilla, Anna; Lindhorst, Sebastian; Wallmann, Klaus (2023): Biogenic silica cycling in the Skagerrak. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 1141448, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1141448
	Spiegel, Timo; Diesing, Markus; Dale, Andrew W; Lenz, Nina; Schmidt, Mark; Sommer, Stefan; Böttner, Christoph; Fuhr, Michael; Kalapurakkal, Habeeb Thanveer; Schulze, Cosima; Wallmann, Klaus (2024): Modelling mass accumulation rates and 210Pb rain rates in the Skagerrak: lateral sediment transport dominates the sediment input. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, 1331102, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1331102
Project(s):	Anthropogenic impacts on particulate organic carbon cycling in the North Sea (APOC) (URI: https://www.apoc-project.de/en/)
Coverage:	LATITUDE: 58.182960 * LONGITUDE: 9.787290
	DATE/TIME START: 2021-08-04T08:41:29 * DATE/TIME END: 2021-08-04T08:41:29
	MINIMUM DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.000 m * MAXIMUM DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.130 m
Event(s):	AL561_5-1 (ALK561_5BIGO2-1) * LATITUDE: 58.182960 * LONGITUDE: 9.787290 * DATE/TIME: 2021-08-04T08:41:29 * ELEVATION: -503.0 m * LOCATION: Skagerrak (URI: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skagerrak) * CAMPAIGN: AL561 (URI: https://doi.org/10.3289/CR_AL561) * BASIS: Alkor (1990) (URI: https://www2.bsh.de/aktdat/dod/fahrtplanung/Alkor.htm) * METHOD/DEVICE: Bottom lander (B_LANDER)
Parameter(s):	Type (Type) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de)
	DEPTH, sediment/rock [m] (Depth sed) * GEOCODE * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de)
	Replicate (Repl) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de)
	Alkalinity, total [mmol(eq)/l] (AT) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Titration, Pavlova
	Barium [nmol/l] (Ba) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES)
	Boron [mmol/l] (B) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES)
	Bromide [µmol/l] (Br-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ion chromatography
	Calcium [mmol/l] (Ca) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES)
	Chloride [mmol/l] (Cl-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ion chromatography * COMMENT: Cl/IAPSO
	Chloride [mmol/l] (Cl-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ion chromatography
	Iron [µmol/l] (Fe) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES)
	Potassium [mmol/l] (K) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES)
	Lithium [µmol/l] (Li) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES)
	Magnesium [mmol/l] (Mg) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES)
	Manganese [µmol/l] (Mn) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES)
	Sodium [mmol/l] (Na) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES)
	Ammonium [µmol/l] ([NH4]+) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Photometry
	Phosphate [µmol/l] ([PO4]3-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Photometry
	Silicon [mmol/l] (Si) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES)
	Silicate [µmol/l] (Si(OH)4) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Photometry
	Sulfate [mmol/l] ([SO4]2-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ion chromatography
	Strontium [µmol/l] (Sr) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES)
License:	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Status:	Curation Level: Enhanced curation (URI: https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels)
Size:	462 data points
*/
Type	Depth sed [m]	Repl	AT [mmol(eq)/l] (Titration, Pavlova)	Ba [nmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...)	B [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...)	Br- [µmol/l] (Ion chromatography)	Ca [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...)	Cl- [mmol/l] (Cl/IAPSO, Ion chromatography)	Cl- [mmol/l] (Ion chromatography)	Fe [µmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...)	K [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...)	Li [µmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...)	Mg [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...)	Mn [µmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...)	Na [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...)	[NH4]+ [µmol/l] (Photometry)	[PO4]3- [µmol/l] (Photometry)	Si [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...)	Si(OH)4 [µmol/l] (Photometry)	[SO4]2- [mmol/l] (Ion chromatography)	Sr [µmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...)
Porewater	0.000	Z/K1	2.38	65.94	0.44	862.44	10.52	546.5	562.33	0.01	10.48	25.83	54.60	0.61	482.14	0.47	1.57	0.02	22.83	29.10	88.19
Porewater	0.000	Z/K2	2.36	61.68	0.43	871.27	10.49	546.5	564.72	0.10	10.46	25.95	54.50	0.49	481.89	0.00	1.57	0.02	22.43	29.24	88.27
Porewater	0.005	Z/K1	2.53	106.63	0.46	861.27	10.71	546.5	561.65	0.08	10.75	27.00	54.36	-0.32	488.03	0.00	2.66	0.11	109.04	29.00	90.73
Porewater	0.005	Z/K2	2.48	96.57	0.46	854.83	10.56	546.5	554.83	0.03	10.64	26.94	54.37	-0.23	483.03	0.00	2.34	0.09	92.26	28.70	89.98
Porewater	0.015	Z/K1	2.61	106.05	0.46	869.10	10.66	546.5	563.21	0.05	10.68	26.96	54.33	-0.13	484.02	0.00	3.39	0.14	143.00	29.09	90.21
Porewater	0.015	Z/K2	2.57	122.73	0.46	866.88	10.62	546.5	561.90	0.04	10.69	27.32	54.48	-0.22	483.27	0.00	3.12	0.13	134.82	29.10	90.18
Porewater	0.025	Z/K1	2.59	95.20	0.46	858.01	10.62	546.5	560.42	-0.07	10.74	26.45	54.31	1.58	484.75	1.34	3.44	0.14	142.70	28.97	89.93
Porewater	0.025	Z/K2	2.61	120.31	0.47	863.98	10.60	546.5	558.64	-0.01	10.71	27.28	54.08	0.00	483.01	0.00	3.39	0.14	144.42	29.01	90.46
Porewater	0.035	Z/K1	2.61	99.98	0.47	858.20	10.56	546.5	557.00	-0.05	10.64	26.26	53.96	1.51	480.88	2.33	3.30	0.14	144.62	28.83	89.85
Porewater	0.035	Z/K2	2.61	115.90	0.46	867.59	10.61	546.5	560.30	-0.03	10.71	27.41	54.29	2.15	484.39	4.57	3.12	0.13	131.88	29.06	90.45
Porewater	0.045	Z/K1	2.57	110.41	0.48	855.77	10.54	546.5	556.40	-0.02	10.87	26.46	54.22	5.72	483.40	8.54	3.14	0.13	140.58	28.68	89.99
Porewater	0.045	Z/K2	2.59	150.64	0.46	874.77	10.60	546.5	563.96	0.08	10.77	26.88	54.26	5.76	483.56	7.90	2.66	0.13	132.28	29.21	90.25
Porewater	0.055	Z/K1	2.61	107.75	0.46	865.80	10.54	546.5	560.75	0.16	10.88	26.37	54.05	9.14	482.23	9.59	3.05	0.13	139.36	29.01	89.39
Porewater	0.055	Z/K2	2.61	149.62	0.47	858.90	10.59	546.5	565.70	0.86	10.90	26.76	54.22	16.64	484.02	10.10	2.27	0.12	128.14	29.15	89.62
Porewater	0.070	Z/K1	2.55	128.07	0.46	866.64	10.58	546.5	561.22	7.43	11.08	26.43	54.30	29.93	485.64	13.69	2.80	0.12	128.44	29.06	89.03
Porewater	0.070	Z/K2	2.63	162.58	0.48	864.04	10.51	546.5	561.24	36.28	11.05	26.64	53.83	30.12	481.92	13.56	4.69	0.13	131.28	29.05	88.94
Porewater	0.090	Z/K1	2.59	152.08	0.47	869.46	10.63	546.5	561.95	43.95	11.25	26.84	54.37	23.07	486.42	22.42	2.87	0.12	124.10	29.06	89.08
Porewater	0.090	Z/K2	2.63	160.49	0.47	870.25	10.52	546.5	562.38	44.06	11.05	26.39	53.92	25.46	481.17	20.08	2.66	0.13	129.36	29.07	88.56
Porewater	0.110	Z/K1	2.81	158.11	0.45	873.73	10.55	546.5	564.26	17.25	11.63	26.93	54.38	25.18	485.47	50.35	1.47	0.11	113.80	29.10	88.22
Porewater	0.110	Z/K2	2.69	177.12	0.47	857.67	10.40	546.5	564.52	33.15	11.51	26.72	53.42	21.86	479.06	34.42	1.47	0.11	111.36	29.00	87.34
Porewater	0.130	Z/K1	3.12	164.38	0.44	869.23	10.52	546.5	563.37	16.37	11.82	27.39	54.68	31.54	491.25	87.46	1.82	0.12	120.66	28.73	88.83
Porewater	0.130	Z/K2	2.81	147.50	0.46	872.21	10.52	546.5	564.52	33.70	11.51	26.83	53.77	17.07	484.20	53.20	1.70	0.11	115.72	29.02	88.47