/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Dale, Andy W; Lomnitz, Ulrike (2025): In situ flux measurements of nutrients in benthic chambers at station AL561_5-1 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987346 Abstract: The AL561 cruise was conducted in the framework of the project APOC ("Anthropogenic impacts on Particulate Organic Carbon cycling in the North Sea"). This collaborative project between GEOMAR, AWI, HEREON, UHH, and BUND is to understand how particulate organic carbon (POC) cycling contributes to carbon sequestration in the North Sea and how this ecosystem service is compromised and interlinked with global change and a range of human pressures include fisheries (pelagic fisheries, bottom trawling), resource extraction (sand mining), sediment management (dredging and disposal of dredged sediments) and eutrophication. The main aim of the sampling activity during AL561 cruise was to recover undisturbed sediment from high accumulation sites in the Skagerrak/Kattegat and to subsample sediment/porewater at high resolution in order to investigate sedimentation transport processes, origin of sediment/POC and mineralization processes over the last 100- 200 years. Moreover, the actual processes of sedimentation and POC degradation in the water column and benthic layer will be addressed by sampling with CTD and Lander devices. In total 9 hydroacoustic surveys (59 profiles), 4 Gravity Corer, 7 Multicorer, 3 BIGO Lander and 3 CTD stations were successfully conducted during the AL561 cruise. Keyword(s): Geochemistry; lander experiment; North Sea Related to: Spiegel, Timo; Dale, Andrew W; Lenz, Nina; Schmidt, Mark; Moros, Matthias; Lindhorst, Sebastian; Wolschke, Hendrik; Müller, Daniel; Butzin, Martin; Fuhr, Michael; Kalapurakkal, Habeeb Thanveer; Kasten, Sabine; Wallmann, Klaus (2025): Mass accumulation rates decreased in the Skagerrak basin over the last 100 years. Continental Shelf Research, 286, 105411, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2025.105411 Spiegel, Timo; Dale, Andrew W; Lenz, Nina; Schmidt, Mark; Sommer, Stefan; Becker, Kevin W; Elling, Felix J; Porz, Lucas; Daewel, Ute; Fuhr, Michael; Kalapurakkal, Habeeb Thanveer; Wallmann, Klaus (2025): Benthic POC cycling in the Skagerrak basin: The role of lateral POC input. Continental Shelf Research, 293, 105536, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2025.105536 Spiegel, Timo; Dale, Andrew W; Lenz, Nina; Schmidt, Mark; Sommer, Stefan; Kalapurakkal, Habeeb Thanveer; Przibilla, Anna; Lindhorst, Sebastian; Wallmann, Klaus (2023): Biogenic silica cycling in the Skagerrak. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 1141448, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1141448 Spiegel, Timo; Diesing, Markus; Dale, Andrew W; Lenz, Nina; Schmidt, Mark; Sommer, Stefan; Böttner, Christoph; Fuhr, Michael; Kalapurakkal, Habeeb Thanveer; Schulze, Cosima; Wallmann, Klaus (2024): Modelling mass accumulation rates and 210Pb rain rates in the Skagerrak: lateral sediment transport dominates the sediment input. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, 1331102, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1331102 Project(s): Anthropogenic impacts on particulate organic carbon cycling in the North Sea (APOC) (URI: https://www.apoc-project.de/en/) Coverage: LATITUDE: 58.182960 * LONGITUDE: 9.787290 DATE/TIME START: 2021-08-04T08:41:29 * DATE/TIME END: 2021-08-04T08:41:29 MINIMUM ELEVATION: -503.0 m * MAXIMUM ELEVATION: -503.0 m Event(s): AL561_5-1 (ALK561_5BIGO2-1) * LATITUDE: 58.182960 * LONGITUDE: 9.787290 * DATE/TIME: 2021-08-04T08:41:29 * ELEVATION: -503.0 m * LOCATION: Skagerrak (URI: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skagerrak) * CAMPAIGN: AL561 (URI: https://doi.org/10.3289/CR_AL561) * BASIS: Alkor (1990) (URI: https://www2.bsh.de/aktdat/dod/fahrtplanung/Alkor.htm) * METHOD/DEVICE: Bottom lander (B_LANDER) Parameter(s): Type (Type) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) Replicate (Repl) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) Time in hours [h] (Time h) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) Number (No) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * COMMENT: Timestep Comment (Comment) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) Alkalinity, total [mmol(eq)/l] (AT) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Titration, Pavlova Barium [nmol/l] (Ba) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) Boron [mmol/l] (B) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) Bromide [µmol/l] (Br-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ion chromatography Calcium [mmol/l] (Ca) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) Chloride [mmol/l] (Cl-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ion chromatography * COMMENT: Cl/IAPSO mean Chloride [mmol/l] (Cl-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ion chromatography * COMMENT: Cl/IAPSO mean Chloride [mmol/l] (Cl-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ion chromatography Iron [µmol/l] (Fe) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) Potassium [mmol/l] (K) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) Lithium [µmol/l] (Li) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) Magnesium [mmol/l] (Mg) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) Manganese [µmol/l] (Mn) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) Sodium [mmol/l] (Na) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) Ammonium [µmol/l] ([NH4]+) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Autoanalyzer (AA) Nitrite [µmol/l] ([NO2]-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Autoanalyzer (AA) Nitrate [µmol/l] ([NO3]-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Autoanalyzer (AA) Phosphate [µmol/l] ([PO4]3-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Autoanalyzer (AA) Phosphate [µmol/l] ([PO4]3-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Photometric Silicon [mmol/l] (Si) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) Silicate [µmol/l] (Si(OH)4) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Autoanalyzer (AA) Silicate [µmol/l] (Si(OH)4) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Photometric Sulfate [mmol/l] ([SO4]2-) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ion chromatography Strontium [µmol/l] (Sr) * PI: Dale, Andy W (adale@geomar.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Status: Curation Level: Enhanced curation (URI: https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels) Size: 977 data points */ Type Repl Time h [h] No (Timestep) Comment AT [mmol(eq)/l] (Titration, Pavlova) Ba [nmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...) B [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...) Br- [µmol/l] (Ion chromatography) Ca [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...) Cl- [mmol/l] (Cl/IAPSO mean, Ion chromatogr...) Cl- [mmol/l] (Cl/IAPSO mean, Ion chromatogr...) Cl- [mmol/l] (Ion chromatography) Fe [µmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...) K [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...) Li [µmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...) Mg [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...) Mn [µmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...) Na [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...) [NH4]+ [µmol/l] (Autoanalyzer) [NO2]- [µmol/l] (Autoanalyzer) [NO3]- [µmol/l] (Autoanalyzer) [PO4]3- [µmol/l] (Autoanalyzer) [PO4]3- [µmol/l] (Photometric) Si [mmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...) Si(OH)4 [µmol/l] (Autoanalyzer) Si(OH)4 [µmol/l] (Photometric) [SO4]2- [mmol/l] (Ion chromatography) Sr [µmol/l] (Inductively coupled plasma at...) Watercolumn BW-1 0.00 1 2.28 188.15 0.42 856.63 10.26 546.5 555.55 -0.06 10.12 25.54 53.07 -0.03 489.96 12.11 0.04 10.38 0.79 0.77 0.01 13.30 12.71 28.67 86.14 Watercolumn BW-2 5.07 2 2.26 89.52 0.42 850.29 10.29 546.5 550.91 0.12 10.17 25.42 53.21 -0.05 494.08 2.19 0.04 11.76 0.77 0.78 0.01 8.89 8.18 28.45 86.18 Watercolumn BW-3 10.13 3 2.26 43.59 0.42 865.48 10.28 546.5 558.04 -0.01 10.17 25.42 53.22 -0.04 487.77 2.67 0.02 12.03 0.80 0.80 0.01 9.67 8.94 28.85 86.26 Watercolumn BW-4 15.20 4 2.31 60.26 0.42 864.72 10.30 546.5 559.14 0.02 10.18 25.46 53.35 -0.04 486.81 2.88 0.02 11.53 0.84 0.84 0.01 9.64 9.10 28.94 86.47 Watercolumn BW-5 20.28 5 2.28 65.28 0.42 851.64 10.28 546.5 552.29 -0.10 10.16 25.29 53.21 -0.03 492.85 2.10 0.03 12.60 0.85 0.85 0.01 10.38 9.10 28.56 86.14 Watercolumn BW-6 25.35 6 2.27 105.28 0.42 850.18 10.28 546.5 550.27 -0.02 10.14 25.36 53.28 -0.04 494.65 4.33 0.03 10.80 0.86 0.86 0.01 10.18 8.83 28.43 86.13 Watercolumn BW-7 30.42 7 2.27 89.55 0.42 852.77 10.27 546.5 552.71 -0.01 10.15 25.47 53.24 -0.01 492.47 1.07 0.03 12.94 0.82 0.86 0.01 8.97 8.27 28.55 86.11 Watercolumn BW-8 35.50 8 2.29 70.77 0.42 858.57 10.29 546.5 554.82 -0.01 10.17 25.47 53.29 -0.04 490.60 2.30 0.04 10.68 0.85 0.88 0.01 9.43 8.78 28.69 86.14 Watercolumn K1-1 0.00 1 Height of water 19,99cm 2.33 88.44 0.42 830.18 10.28 546.5 535.49 -0.02 10.09 25.45 53.15 0.00 508.31 3.55 0.03 10.85 0.83 0.85 0.01 11.72 11.20 27.68 86.10 Watercolumn K1-2 5.07 2 2.27 96.80 0.42 846.12 10.27 546.5 546.89 0.01 10.12 25.52 53.05 0.19 497.72 3.63 0.04 13.15 0.94 0.95 0.02 14.05 13.47 28.18 86.08 Watercolumn K1-3 10.13 3 2.35 164.29 0.42 850.33 10.27 546.5 550.34 -0.07 10.15 25.56 53.21 0.24 494.60 4.09 0.04 12.10 0.97 0.98 0.01 14.73 14.07 28.40 86.07 Watercolumn K1-4 15.20 4 2.27 67.73 0.42 832.29 10.28 546.5 537.39 -0.07 10.16 25.47 53.25 0.31 506.51 2.82 0.05 10.95 1.07 1.09 0.02 14.56 14.16 27.76 86.11 Watercolumn K1-5 20.28 5 2.35 140.82 0.42 852.62 10.30 546.5 550.66 0.05 10.10 25.66 53.28 0.41 494.30 3.76 0.05 11.65 1.07 1.07 0.02 18.74 17.89 28.49 86.24 Watercolumn K1-6 25.35 6 2.27 49.90 0.42 835.80 10.26 546.5 541.77 0.06 10.14 25.35 53.12 0.45 502.41 3.30 0.05 11.20 1.14 1.14 0.02 18.03 17.54 27.97 85.99 Watercolumn K1-7 30.42 7 2.27 64.12 0.42 845.55 10.36 546.5 547.91 -0.04 10.21 25.56 53.60 0.51 496.78 5.69 0.05 11.35 1.16 1.14 0.02 19.10 18.73 28.28 86.65 Watercolumn K1-8 35.50 8 2.30 47.73 0.43 706.63 10.27 546.5 456.93 -0.03 10.18 25.42 53.23 0.55 595.71 4.61 0.05 11.61 1.19 1.15 0.02 20.51 20.19 23.55 86.03 Watercolumn K2-1 0.00 1 Height of water 20,48cm 2.25 39.75 0.42 850.45 10.29 546.5 550.91 -0.16 10.14 25.49 53.26 -0.01 494.08 3.52 0.03 12.96 0.92 0.92 0.01 10.12 9.35 28.43 86.21 Watercolumn K2-2 5.07 2 2.35 71.23 0.42 842.68 10.29 546.5 546.25 -0.04 10.11 25.51 53.18 0.09 498.30 5.79 0.04 12.00 0.89 0.85 0.01 12.06 10.94 28.28 86.22 Watercolumn K2-3 10.13 3 2.36 67.65 0.42 854.49 10.27 546.5 551.95 -0.08 10.13 25.49 53.16 0.17 493.15 5.23 0.04 10.80 1.10 1.05 0.01 13.39 13.03 28.55 86.10 Watercolumn K2-4 15.20 4 2.34 71.92 0.42 845.85 10.29 546.5 547.11 -0.09 10.12 25.46 53.26 0.24 497.52 5.12 0.04 12.91 1.06 0.97 0.01 15.29 14.17 28.30 86.17 Watercolumn K2-5 20.28 5 2.29 51.69 0.42 850.34 10.28 546.5 551.13 0.08 10.13 25.44 53.14 0.30 493.89 2.20 0.04 11.17 1.15 1.00 0.01 16.80 15.68 28.57 86.10 Watercolumn K2-6 25.35 6 2.23 123.30 0.42 813.34 10.29 546.5 526.22 -0.11 10.14 25.57 53.25 0.37 517.26 2.47 0.05 12.94 1.14 1.02 0.01 17.35 16.61 27.13 86.29 Watercolumn K2-7 30.42 7 2.29 46.73 0.42 844.02 10.39 546.5 544.97 0.03 10.26 25.73 53.80 0.42 499.47 3.21 0.04 11.34 1.07 1.07 0.02 19.26 17.87 28.13 87.04 Watercolumn K2-8 35.50 8 2.29 97.37 0.42 853.98 10.28 546.5 553.62 0.00 10.17 25.47 53.17 0.49 491.67 4.82 0.05 11.64 1.12 1.09 0.02 19.80 19.27 28.51 86.03 Watercolumn Niskin 2.33 38.45 0.43 869.65 10.49 546.5 564.64 -0.04 10.39 25.80 54.36 -0.07 479.95 0.18 0.02 10.77 0.91 0.01 8.64 29.15 87.66 Bottom Water Qg/BW-1 0.00 1 without tube dilution 41.68 0.42 10.26 0.79 10.18 25.21 53.00 0.05 470.09 0.01 85.75 Bottom Water Qg/K1-1 0.00 1 without tube dilution / Height of water 19,99cm 54.24 0.43 10.52 0.83 10.46 25.87 54.34 0.09 482.59 0.01 87.64 Bottom Water Qg/K1-2 4.92 2 without tube dilution 47.20 0.43 10.53 1.27 10.44 25.80 54.33 0.16 482.22 0.01 87.87 Bottom Water Qg/K1-3 9.87 3 without tube dilution 52.45 0.42 10.48 1.35 10.41 25.74 54.16 0.25 480.88 0.01 87.55 Bottom Water Qg/K1-4 14.82 4 without tube dilution 59.18 0.43 10.53 1.39 10.48 25.90 54.47 0.35 482.40 0.02 87.90 Bottom Water Qg/K1-6 24.67 6 without tube dilution 58.46 0.43 10.45 2.48 10.41 25.78 54.00 0.57 478.63 0.02 87.28 Bottom Water Qg/K1-7 29.60 7 without tube dilution 49.46 0.43 10.46 2.72 10.39 25.70 54.06 0.58 479.21 0.02 87.52 Bottom Water Qg/K1-8 34.53 8 without tube dilution 53.31 0.43 10.51 2.53 10.42 25.76 54.33 0.62 482.58 0.02 87.92 Bottom Water Qg/K2-1 0.00 1 without tube dilution / Height of water 20,48cm 53.02 0.43 10.56 2.74 10.47 25.95 54.56 0.08 483.23 0.01 88.19 Bottom Water Qg/K2-2 4.92 2 without tube dilution 52.80 0.44 10.56 1.23 10.51 26.05 54.56 0.21 483.95 0.01 88.23 Bottom Water Qg/K2-3 9.87 3 without tube dilution 56.53 0.43 10.48 1.28 10.42 25.76 54.17 0.25 479.97 0.01 87.53 Bottom Water Qg/K2-4 14.82 4 without tube dilution 51.86 0.43 10.49 1.84 10.37 25.66 54.22 0.33 480.14 0.02 87.68 Bottom Water Qg/K2-5 19.72 5 without tube dilution 57.80 0.42 10.39 2.77 10.27 25.53 53.63 0.39 476.32 0.02 86.76 Bottom Water Qg/K2-6 24.67 6 without tube dilution 55.98 0.43 10.54 1.60 10.46 25.94 54.50 0.43 483.32 0.02 88.03 Bottom Water Qg/K2-7 29.60 7 without tube dilution 53.75 0.43 10.49 1.77 10.39 25.83 54.19 0.47 480.33 0.02 87.60 Bottom Water Qg/K2-8 34.53 8 without tube dilution 52.94 0.43 10.51 2.26 10.44 25.92 54.36 0.52 482.07 0.02 87.86 Watercolumn U1 supernatant 2.37 54.61 0.43 869.89 10.54 546.5 565.22 -0.02 10.43 25.74 54.43 0.62 481.54 2.44 0.06 16.73 1.28 0.02 22.15 29.17 87.95 Watercolumn U2 supernatant 2.35 51.35 0.43 865.46 10.51 546.5 561.88 0.07 10.41 25.74 54.34 0.54 481.28 0.82 0.04 11.12 1.19 0.02 21.41 29.01 87.80