Citation:

PANGAEA.987124

Name: High-Frequency 24-Hour Measurements of CO₂, N₂O, and diffusive and ebullitive CH₄ fluxes in two Mediterranean reservoirs
Published: 2025-11-04
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Carbon dioxide fluxes; CH4; CO2; diel variability; greenhouse gas fluxes; Methane emissions; N2O; Nitrous oxide; reservoirs; wind speed

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Published: 2025-11-04 • DOI registered: 2025-12-03

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Abstract:

This dataset contains measurements of CO2, N2O, and diffusive and ebullitive CH4 fluxes from 13 to 24 times along the 24-hour sampling using a high-resolution laser-based Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer (CRDS PICARRO G2508) coupled to a floating chamber. We performed three 24-hour sampling campaigns in two eutrophic reservoirs (Cubillas and Iznájar) located in southeastern Spain during the stratification period. We measured the GHG fluxes in Cubillas reservoir in 2016 (from July 14th to July 15th) and in 2018 (from June 21st to June 22nd), and in Iznájar reservoir in 2018 (July 8th to July 9th). Hourly measurements of air temperature, surface water temperature, barometric pressure (HANNA HI 9828), and wind speed (MASTECH MS6252A) recorded at the beginning of each flux measurement are also provided.

Keyword(s):

Carbon dioxide fluxes; CH4; CO2; diel variability; greenhouse gas fluxes; Methane emissions; N2O; Nitrous oxide; reservoirs; wind speed

Supplement to:

Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth; Morales-Baquero, Rafael; Reche, Isabel (2025): Higher emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane during the daytime in two reservoirs. Biogeochemistry, 168(6), 99, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-025-01283-y

References:

Hoffmann, Mathias; Schulz-Hanke, Maximilian; Garcia Alba, Juana; Jurisch, Nicole; Hagemann, Ulrike; Sachs, Torsten; Sommer, Michael; Augustin, Jürgen (2017): A simple calculation algorithm to separate high-resolution CH 4 flux measurements into ebullition- and diffusion-derived components. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 10(1), 109-118, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-109-2017

Zhao, Yan; Sherman, Bradford; Ford, Phillip; Demarty, Maud; DelSontro, Tonya; Harby, Atle; Tremblay, Alain; Øverjordet, Ida Beathe; Zhao, Xinfeng; Hansen, Bjørn Henrik; Wu, Bingfang (2015): A comparison of methods for the measurement of CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from surface water reservoirs: Results from an international workshop held at Three Gorges Dam, June 2012. Limnology and Oceanography-Methods, 13(1), 15-29, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10003

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 37.272131 * Median Longitude: -3.929672 * South-bound Latitude: 37.260000 * West-bound Longitude: -4.330000 * North-bound Latitude: 37.280000 * East-bound Longitude: -3.670000

Date/Time Start: 2016-07-14T11:21:33 * Date/Time End: 2018-07-09T12:38:18

Minimum DEPTH, water: 0 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 0 m

Event(s):

Cubillas (#1) * Latitude: 37.270000 * Longitude: -3.680000 * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)

Iznajar (#6) * Latitude: 37.260000 * Longitude: -4.330000 * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth		Reservoir
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth		Geocode
4	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth		Geocode
5	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth		Geocode
6	Reservoir capacity	Reservoir cap	hm³	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth		Maximum; Obtained from the open database of The Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir, https://www.chguadalquivir.es/inicio
7	Reservoir volume	Reservoir vol	hm³	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth		Sampling day volume; Obtained from the open database of The Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir, https://www.chguadalquivir.es/inicio
8	Wind speed	ff	m/s	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth	Digital anemometer, MASTECH, MS6252A
9	Temperature, air	TTT	°C	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth	Multiparameter probe (HI9828, Hanna Instruments, Woonsocket, Rhode Island)
10	Sea surface temperature	SST	°C	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth	Multiparameter probe (HI9829, Hanna Instruments)
11	Carbon dioxide, flux	CO2 flux	µmol/m²/s	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth	Gas analyzer (Picarro G2508 )	Calculation based on Zhao et al. (2015)
12	Carbon dioxide, flux, standard error	CO2 flux std e	±	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth	Gas analyzer (Picarro G2508 )	Calculation based on Zhao et al. (2015)
13	Nitrous oxide, flux	N2O flux	nmol/m²/s	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth	Gas analyzer (Picarro G2508 )	Calculation based on Zhao et al. (2015)
14	Nitrous oxide, flux, standard error	N2O flux std e	±	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth	Gas analyzer (Picarro G2508 )	Calculation based on Zhao et al. (2015)
15	Methane, flux	CH4 flux	nmol/m²/s	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth	Gas analyzer (Picarro G2508 )	Total; Calculation based on Zhao et al. (2015)
16	Methane, flux, standard error	CH4 flux std e	±	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth	Gas analyzer (Picarro G2508 )	Total; Calculation based on Zhao et al. (2015)
17	Methane, flux	CH4 flux	nmol/m²/s	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth	Algorithm adapted from Hoffmann et al. (2017)	Diffusive
18	Methane, flux	CH4 flux	nmol/m²/s	Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth	Algorithm adapted from Hoffmann et al. (2017)	Ebullitive

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

793 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event (Reservoir)	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	5 Date/Time	6 Reservoir cap [hm³] (Maximum; Obtained from the op...)	7 Reservoir vol [hm³] (Sampling day volume; Obtained...)	8 ff [m/s] (Digital anemometer, MASTECH, ...)	9 TTT [°C] (Multiparameter probe (HI9828,...)	10 SST [°C] (Multiparameter probe (HI9829,...)	11 CO2 flux [µmol/m²/s] (Calculation based on Zhao et ...)	12 CO2 flux std e [±] (Calculation based on Zhao et ...)	13 N2O flux [nmol/m²/s] (Calculation based on Zhao et ...)	14 N2O flux std e [±] (Calculation based on Zhao et ...)	15 CH4 flux [nmol/m²/s] (Total; Calculation based on Z...)	16 CH4 flux std e [±] (Total; Calculation based on Z...)	17 CH4 flux [nmol/m²/s] (Diffusive, Algorithm adapted ...)	18 CH4 flux [nmol/m²/s] (Ebullitive, Algorithm adapted...)
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-14T11:21:33	19	11.4	4.37	28.0	28.09	0.303	0.012	0.204	0.012	1263.74	45.41	989.15	274.58
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-14T11:56:59	19	11.4	2.17	33.1	28.21	0.181	0.007	0.084	0.004	533.61	19.17	278.38	255.23
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-14T13:13:18	19	11.4	2.43	32.9	28.98	0.222	0.008	0.149	0.006	483.09	17.36	190.78	292.32
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-14T15:26:08	19	11.4	1.32	32.9	29.75	0.116	0.005	0.069	0.011	150.51	5.41	80.74	69.76
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-14T17:58:00	19	11.4	5.50	30.8	29.74	0.417	0.017	0.310	0.014	562.12	20.20	562.12	0.00
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-14T18:49:56	19	11.4	3.25	29.0	29.38	0.424	0.017	0.310	0.016	1334.50	44.58	320.39	1014.10
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-14T20:12:22	19	11.4	2.72	27.6	29.23	0.214	0.008	0.112	0.005	451.64	16.07	64.28	387.36
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-14T21:57:47	19	11.4	2.09	26.8	28.76	0.101	0.004	0.035	0.002	236.28	8.46	103.74	132.54
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-15T00:08:03	19	11.4	1.46	22.5	28.36	0.110	0.004	0.048	0.003	497.47	17.88	26.53	470.94
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-15T03:03:04	19	11.4	0.00	19.8	28.22	0.120	0.006	0.057	0.005	1044.60	37.54	155.01	889.59
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-15T04:45:18	19	11.4	1.60	19.5	27.46	0.187	0.009	0.047	0.005	1088.65	39.12	168.66	919.99
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-15T06:23:00	19	11.4	1.50	31.9	27.27	0.119	0.004	0.035	0.002	279.71	10.05	33.51	246.20
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2016-07-15T08:27:07	19	11.4	1.77	27.1	27.29	0.390	0.020	0.121	0.013	1815.32	65.23	0.00	1815.32
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T08:56:28	19	18.1	1.57	28.7	25.67	0.460	0.011	0.209	0.005	152.99	3.52	41.35	111.64
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T10:00:18	19	18.1	1.46	32.3	25.21	0.544	0.013	0.339	0.009	83.82	1.93	37.24	46.58
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T11:15:53	19	18.1	1.00	34.3	25.49	0.550	0.014	0.320	0.009	80.07	1.85	39.21	40.85
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T12:05:02	19	18.1	1.71	34.5	25.30	0.463	0.012	0.161	0.005	115.72	2.67	45.20	70.52
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T12:57:14	19	18.1	1.17	35.3	25.02	0.322	0.008	0.155	0.005	65.88	1.52	17.05	48.83
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T14:02:14	19	18.1	1.67	32.6	24.98	0.378	0.009	0.208	0.006	54.02	1.26	27.64	26.38
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T14:59:12	19	18.1	4.03	31.9	26.57	0.802	0.019	0.558	0.014	121.80	2.81	55.75	66.04
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T16:03:34	19	18.1	5.72	31.3	26.85	1.433	0.035	1.127	0.027	143.94	3.31	142.89	1.05
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T17:01:38	19	18.1	5.38	30.9	26.57	1.463	0.038	1.090	0.028	173.89	4.00	111.76	62.13
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T17:58:39	19	18.1	5.50	28.9	26.54	0.791	0.021	0.640	0.017	190.57	4.34	52.37	138.20
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T18:56:53	19	18.1	3.98	27.4	26.50	0.480	0.012	0.290	0.008	83.29	1.89	43.23	40.06
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T20:06:10	19	18.1	0.00	24.7	26.26	0.193	0.005	0.096	0.003	109.39	2.46	12.43	96.96
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T21:17:00	19	18.1	0.83	23.8	26.11	0.251	0.006	0.133	0.004	82.39	1.85	28.97	53.42
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T22:03:49	19	18.1	0.02	22.1	25.95	0.343	0.008	0.236	0.006	100.43	2.24	29.98	70.45
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-21T23:11:51	19	18.1	0.00	21.1	25.81	0.278	0.007	0.178	0.005	58.86	1.31	30.62	28.24
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-22T00:12:24	19	18.1	0.00	20.1	25.64	0.176	0.004	0.082	0.003	58.51	1.30	28.64	29.87
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-22T01:03:24	19	18.1	1.96	19.7	25.56	0.182	0.004	0.094	0.003	68.57	1.52	20.12	48.45
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-22T02:00:31	19	18.1	0.00	18.4	25.48	0.169	0.004	0.080	0.002	26.98	0.59	11.31	15.67
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-22T03:11:58	19	18.1	0.07	18.2	25.32	0.180	0.004	0.091	0.003	62.74	1.38	15.82	46.92
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-22T04:12:07	19	18.1	0.00	17.1	25.23	0.389	0.015	0.177	0.005	121.34	2.66	36.47	84.86
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-22T05:19:02	19	18.1	0.00	17.7	25.12	0.374	0.009	0.258	0.007	257.80	5.66	51.01	206.79
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-22T06:12:20	19	18.1	1.21	20.2	25.01	0.367	0.008	0.244	0.006	69.27	1.53	22.60	46.67
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-22T07:02:15	19	18.1	1.28	20.5	24.98	0.264	0.006	0.134	0.004	91.46	2.01	40.46	50.99
Cubillas	37.28	-3.67	2018-06-22T08:01:38	19	18.1	3.10	25.0	25.06	0.511	0.011	0.378	0.009	45.90	1.01	28.92	16.98
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-08T13:12:00	981	577.0	3.50	33.1	28.78	0.322	0.008	0.328	0.010	6.89	0.18	6.89	0.00
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-08T14:14:38	981	577.0	3.01	33.3	28.10	0.279	0.007	0.297	0.008	29.57	0.66	14.61	14.96
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-08T15:15:00	981	577.0	3.20	33.0	27.85	0.265	0.006	0.307	0.009	24.25	0.54	5.29	18.96
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-08T16:08:53	981	577.0	3.98	32.8	27.86	0.289	0.007	0.401	0.010	10.37	0.23	8.71	1.66
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-08T17:17:00	981	577.0	3.69	33.9	27.71	0.284	0.007	0.455	0.012	8.25	0.20	8.25	0.00
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-08T18:21:51	981	577.0	2.09	32.4	27.19	0.227	0.005	0.307	0.008	20.20	0.46	12.42	7.77
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-08T19:24:15	981	577.0	3.50	31.6	26.88	0.189	0.005	0.277	0.008	6.88	0.15	5.53	1.35
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-08T20:22:04	981	577.0	2.82	29.6	26.29	0.128	0.003	0.098	0.004	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-08T21:07:28	981	577.0	2.53	29.1	25.89	0.149	0.003	0.133	0.004	10.60	0.24	2.49	8.11
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-08T22:08:04	981	577.0	3.25	28.7	25.89	0.270	0.007	0.059	0.002	35.80	0.80	8.74	27.06
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-08T23:20:53	981	577.0	1.39	26.0	25.18	0.006	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.04	0.00	0.04	0.00
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T00:13:40	981	577.0	1.32	24.2	25.46	-0.011	0.000	-0.085	0.012	0.11	0.01	0.11	0.00
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T01:10:00	981	577.0	0.16	23.2	25.40	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T02:10:00	981	577.0	1.60	21.4	25.01	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T03:10:00	981	577.0	0.00	21.6	25.46	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T03:54:18	981	577.0	1.67	20.9	25.42	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.19	0.00	0.19	0.00
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T05:46:46	981	577.0	1.03	21.1	25.39	0.283	0.008	0.261	0.010	5.34	0.16	5.34	0.00
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T06:05:01	981	577.0	1.03	21.1	25.39	0.140	0.003	0.120	0.005	7.02	0.15	2.08	4.94
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T07:05:09	981	577.0	1.57	23.0	25.62	0.200	0.005	0.180	0.005	14.95	0.33	4.93	10.02
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T08:19:59	981	577.0	1.92	26.2	26.46	0.174	0.004	0.138	0.004	3.41	0.08	2.83	0.58
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T09:36:05	981	577.0	1.67	29.4	27.15	0.114	0.003	0.068	0.002	1.73	0.04	1.73	0.00
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T10:31:36	981	577.0	1.67	29.5	27.46	0.156	0.004	0.150	0.004	3.41	0.08	2.91	0.50
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T11:33:03	981	577.0	2.24	31.3	27.89	0.215	0.005	0.207	0.006	26.48	0.59	5.41	21.07
Iznajar	37.26	-4.33	2018-07-09T12:38:18	981	577.0	2.91	33.7	28.38	0.353	0.008	0.460	0.011	11.42	0.26	7.81	3.62