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Torner, Judit; Cacho, Isabel; Stoll, Heather M; Moreno, Ana; Grimalt, Joan O; Sierro, Francisco Javier; Fornós, Joan J; Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R Lawrence (2025): U–Th Dating of the RAT Speleothem from Menorca Island (387–209 ka) [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.986506

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Published: 2025-10-10 • DOI registered: 2025-11-08

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Abstract:
This dataset comprises U-Th dating results from the RAT speleothem. The data were used to reconstruct past climate variability in the western Mediterranean region over the interval 387 to 209 ka, encompassing several glacial terminations (TIV, TIII, and TIIIa). The speleothem was collected in winter 2011 from Murada Cave, located on Menorca Island (39°57′58″N; 3°57′53″E). Element isolation was performed according to Shen et al. (2002) and Cheng et al. (2009). U-Th dating was conducted using a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) with parallel ion-counting (Finnigan Neptune) at the University of Minnesota and Xi'an Jiaotong University. Age-depth models were calculated with the StalAge package in R (Scholz and Hoffmann, 2011).
Keyword(s):
glacial terminations; Mediterranean; Paleoclimate; Speleothems; U/Th dating
Related to:
Torner, Judit; Cacho, Isabel; Stoll, Heather M; Moreno, Ana; Grimalt, Joan O; Sierro, Francisco Javier; Fornós, Joan J; Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R Lawrence (2025): New age constraints for glacial terminations IV, III, and III.a based on western Mediterranean speleothem records. Climate of the Past, 21(2), 465-487, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-465-2025
References:
Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R Lawrence; Broecker, Wallace S; Denton, George H; Kong, Xinggong; Wang, Yongjin; Zhang, Rong; Wang, Xianfeng (2009): Ice Age Terminations. Science, 326(5950), 248-252, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177840
Scholz, Denis; Hoffmann, Dirk L (2011): StalAge – An algorithm designed for construction of speleothem age models. Quaternary Geochronology, 6(3-4), 369-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2011.02.002
Shen, Chuan-Chou; Edwards, R Lawrence; Cheng, Hai; Dorale, Jeffrey A; Thomas, Rebecca B; Moran, S Bradley; Weinstein, S E; Edmonds, H N (2002): Uranium and thorium isotopic and concentration measurements by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Chemical Geology, 185(3-4), 165-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00404-1
Funding:
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), grant/award no. CTM2013-48639-C2-1-R: OPERA - Forzamiento oceánico en la variabilidad de precipitaciones sobre Iberia y respuesta de ecosistemas marinos al CO2 antropogénico
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), grant/award no. PID2022-138010OB-I00: MORIA - Extensión e impacto de las aguas mediterráneas en el Atlántico Norte: variabilidad presente y pasada usando isótopos de neodimio
Coverage:
Latitude: 39.950967 * Longitude: 3.950883
Date/Time Start: 2011-11-03T14:54:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-11-03T14:54:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.0075 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.5150 m
Event(s):
RAT_collection * Latitude: 39.950967 * Longitude: 3.950883 * Date/Time: 2011-11-03T14:54:00 * Elevation: 80.0 m * Location: Murada Cave, Menorca, Spain * Method/Device: Speleothem sample (SPS)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 Sample numberSample noTorner, Judit
2 DEPTH, sediment/rockDepth sedmTorner, JuditGeocode
3 Sample code/labelSample labelTorner, Judit
4 Uranium-238238Uµg/kgTorner, JuditMC-ICP-MS Thermo-Finnigan Neptune
5 Uranium-238, standard deviation238U std dev±Torner, Judit±2 SD
6 Thorium-232232Thµg/kgTorner, JuditMC-ICP-MS Thermo-Finnigan Neptune
7 Thorium-232, standard deviation232Th std dev±Torner, Judit±2 SD
8 Thorium-230/Thorium-232 atomic ratio230Th/232Th atomTorner, JuditMC-ICP-MS Thermo-Finnigan Neptuneatomic x10-6
9 Thorium-230/Thorium-232 atomic ratio, standard deviation230Th/232Th atom std dev±Torner, Judit±2 SD
10 δ234 Uraniumδ234U‰Torner, JuditMC-ICP-MS Thermo-Finnigan Neptunemeasured; d234U = ([234U/238U]activity - 1)x1000.
11 δ234 Uranium, standard deviationδ234U std dev±Torner, Judit±2 SD; measured dU234
12 Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio(230Th/238U)Torner, JuditMC-ICP-MS Thermo-Finnigan Neptune
13 Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard deviation(230Th/238U) std dev±Torner, Judit±2 SD
14 Age, datedAge datedkaTorner, JuditMC-ICP-MS Thermo-Finnigan Neptuneuncorrected age, 230Th
15 Age, dated, standard deviationAge dated std dev±Torner, Judit±2 SD; uncorrected age
16 Age, datedAge datedkaTorner, JuditMC-ICP-MS Thermo-Finnigan NeptuneCorrected 230Th ages assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 ±2.2 x10^-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%.
17 Age, dated, standard deviationAge dated std dev±Torner, Judit±2 SD; corrected age
18 δ234 Uraniumδ234U‰Torner, JuditMC-ICP-MS Thermo-Finnigan Neptuneinitial; calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial = d234Umeasured x el234xT.
19 δ234 Uranium, standard deviationδ234U std dev±Torner, Judit±2 SD; initial dU234
20 Age, datedAge datedka BPTorner, JuditMC-ICP-MS Thermo-Finnigan Neptunebased on corrected 230Th age; B.P. stands for "Before Present" where the "Present" is defined as the year 1950 A.D.
21 Age, dated, standard deviationAge dated std dev±Torner, Judit±2 SD; ka BP
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
820 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Sample no		2 
Depth sed [m]		3 
Sample label		4 
238U [µg/kg]		5 
238U std dev [±]
(±2 SD)		6 
232Th [µg/kg]		7 
232Th std dev [±]
(±2 SD)		8 
230Th/232Th atom
(atomic x10-6)		9 
230Th/232Th atom std dev [±]
(±2 SD)		10 
δ234U [‰]
(measured; d234U = ([234U/238U...)		11 
δ234U std dev [±]
(±2 SD; measured dU234)		12 
(230Th/238U)		13 
(230Th/238U) std dev [±]
(±2 SD)		14 
Age dated [ka]
(uncorrected age, 230Th)		15 
Age dated std dev [±]
(±2 SD; uncorrected age)		16 
Age dated [ka]
(Corrected 230Th ages assume t...)		17 
Age dated std dev [±]
(±2 SD; corrected age)		18 
δ234U [‰]
(initial; calculated based on ...)		19 
δ234U std dev [±]
(±2 SD; initial dU234)		20 
Age dated [ka BP]
(based on corrected 230Th age;...)		21 
Age dated std dev [±]
(±2 SD; ka BP)
10.0075RAT_A186.03490.22401696.724234.05123951.459879.46861249.06492.50902.18580.0039210.67321.0870210.59141.08792263.01258.3027210.52541.0879
20.0725RAT_A.1125.63540.12241178.583123.63753947.252379.28561246.22402.17872.24580.0033226.06621.0545225.98441.05542358.10838.1441225.91841.0554
30.0725RAT-2.75177.31280.1415106.28612.450262118.56221433.96481257.47961.86672.25840.0033226.10080.9926226.09510.99262380.15017.5458226.02410.9926
40.0850RAT_B118.74890.1500645.009712.97736804.1275137.27311235.07802.69172.24150.0044228.14931.3969228.10161.39692351.023110.5901228.03561.3969
50.0975RAT_B.183.77490.08001187.945423.87682541.934851.39311200.26942.30082.18620.0052223.67691.5098223.54961.51112255.601410.5462223.48361.5111
60.1350RAT_B.285.66930.07681269.339825.45292388.584048.02421135.79462.13722.14650.0037232.31351.2646232.17751.26702187.04568.8368232.11151.2670
70.1400RAT 285.48200.0678284.33045.805910808.4136221.06621156.01141.90202.18040.0031235.60671.0934235.57641.09352247.42797.8596235.50541.0935
80.1500RAT c54.58450.0564583.557811.70783312.007766.58321120.19302.05922.14750.0035237.77861.2771237.68051.27812190.76268.8691237.61651.2781
90.1525RAT 3.2570.90450.05221168.953423.44952107.644342.40831085.74481.63832.10740.0036237.36701.2580237.21261.26132120.59018.1984237.14161.2613
100.1550RAT_C.176.05210.08224946.136099.0544519.472310.43161009.47871.98962.04900.0038246.51691.5175245.88831.57412020.50159.8192245.82231.5741
110.1600RAT_D75.29610.07182113.476542.32981158.690723.2628925.85622.02051.97250.0033253.67091.5684253.38761.57761892.76509.3848253.32561.5776
120.1650RAT 4.556.86430.0428456.89019.23704187.198884.9640926.52751.73772.04050.0039282.37482.0869282.29732.08662055.149512.7011282.22632.0866
130.1700RAT 567.70650.052775.47201.866429556.0304732.2205887.26831.65821.99820.0034284.83571.9462284.82401.94621982.151011.5002284.75301.9462
140.1770RAT 5.771.26060.0554110.33662.443020978.0462465.7420859.20861.61471.97000.0036287.77762.1086287.76132.10861935.443112.0780287.69032.1086
150.1825RAT_E78.53790.0773653.726713.10843842.568477.3322834.35381.99411.93990.0038287.76732.4048287.68232.40401879.036213.5165287.62032.4040
160.2000RAT_E.189.99170.1177444.58998.96076120.9274123.6803738.45832.15811.83400.0036293.86492.6566293.81052.65601692.082813.6136293.74452.6560
170.2300RAT_F94.17340.0902656.819413.17094068.708881.8864636.17151.77151.72110.0034301.95632.8090301.87372.80791491.256212.5260301.81172.8079
180.2400RAT 1279.49670.056427.85521.204577872.32763369.4001571.60431.41311.65490.0027312.26592.5973312.26042.59741379.760110.6742312.18942.5974
190.2600RAT_F.180.46170.070555.15851.539938662.20191080.9908528.85211.92671.60750.0028317.24223.2458317.23233.24581294.600512.7633317.16633.2458
200.2800RAT_G96.13450.1162230.45814.638110923.1869220.7077515.75681.92241.58820.0034314.68953.6330314.65733.63231253.402513.6729314.59533.6323
210.2875RAT_H87.58470.1008686.027513.75803274.555565.9792486.53461.68581.55560.0035318.25363.7783318.14833.77601194.092613.3821318.08633.7760
220.2950RAT_H.1103.93810.1372172.28663.560915357.7945318.1690475.97282.01461.54400.0030319.75223.6892319.72873.68881173.392413.1880319.66273.6888
230.3200RAT_H.263.88610.0539143.64363.055211459.3613244.5529485.25081.72311.56270.0030326.52283.6615326.49203.66091219.316813.3222326.42603.6609
240.3275RAT_I89.89660.1001153.18973.087215551.5583315.1462520.64611.76831.60730.0039326.42654.2036326.40364.20301307.930416.1398326.34164.2030
250.3400RAT_I.172.67330.0831217.47134.45949020.7895185.5700535.29101.93751.63720.0033337.48454.1380337.44654.13731387.286516.9607337.38054.1373
260.3500RAT_J81.47790.0996162.49783.274613892.9131280.9898573.21741.78921.68050.0036332.64683.9435332.62193.94301465.488916.9389332.55993.9430
270.3575RAT 23.7581.94520.062599.95492.286722796.2137522.7970576.09361.43561.68650.0030334.83383.3235334.81813.32331481.998914.3830334.74713.3233
280.3660RAT 24.690.47720.0722470.26349.51905671.2769115.0370655.10281.56641.78780.0027335.55102.9818335.49342.98101688.464514.7683335.42242.9810
290.3675RAT_J.180.73130.0842194.85374.053511499.1415240.0389573.48951.82031.68330.0034334.99033.9119334.96053.91141475.893016.9538334.89453.9114
300.3700RAT 2599.46250.0818428.04318.67067265.0986147.4978731.92451.50481.89630.0030344.62063.1379344.57653.13731935.446017.5932344.50553.1373
310.3725RAT_J.285.09480.1010571.722811.53775019.0438101.6050837.98542.19612.04520.0041355.33634.2890355.27524.28782283.829028.2807355.20924.2878
320.3750RAT 25.5100.85590.0651555.930311.19796140.5746123.9665845.68851.63502.05290.0031353.37983.1591353.32953.15832292.202420.9070353.25853.1583
330.3850RAT_J.3122.16920.1164112.72192.432335120.7811758.7336768.37501.77041.96540.0028365.00073.5642364.99043.56422152.323022.2124364.92443.5642
340.3900RAT 27134.39160.093659.07461.558471303.37401883.9011712.52631.49671.90100.0031373.88054.0552373.87444.05522046.554623.8155373.80344.0552
350.4010RAT_J.4151.88910.173258.88741.792580964.78132467.5760716.01181.85551.90380.0036372.02004.7159372.01444.71612045.799227.7451371.94844.7161
360.4500RAT_J.5146.85410.160353.27651.582286817.02392581.0245723.18282.00951.91020.0033368.86504.4772368.85974.47742047.974426.5002368.79374.4774
370.4700RAT_J.6118.54290.127345.33201.359581923.79552460.0259716.54432.14151.90010.0035367.29244.7075367.28694.70772020.188127.5152367.22094.7077
380.4850RAT 36.5117.50400.0809183.21603.845920119.9365424.6763712.07321.59861.90270.0044376.48855.4947376.47175.49412060.299632.2872376.40075.4941
390.5000RAT_J.792.76920.118152.31241.601755751.64191711.4775709.64662.51801.90670.0049384.89007.0900384.88267.09032102.598442.7475384.81667.0903
400.5070RAT 38.770.30220.047341.34991.440653378.04191862.1052709.70211.87861.90420.0037381.72845.1945381.72085.19452084.083731.0525381.64985.1945
410.5150RAT k86.04720.0928258.23995.214510409.7683210.6690707.45642.00551.89480.0033374.40844.6781374.37774.67742034.880827.4779374.31374.6774