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Bibi, Riaz; Ribas-Ribas, Mariana; Jaeger, Leonie; Lehners, Carola; Gassen, Lisa; Cortés, Edgar; Wollschläger, Jochen; Thölen, Claudia; Waska, Hannelore; Zöbelein, Jasper; Brinkhoff, Thorsten; Athale, Isha; Röttgers, Rüdiger; Novak, Michael; Engel, Anja; Barthelmeß, Theresa; Karnatz, Josefine; Reinthaler, Thomas; Spriahailo, Dmytro; Friedrichs, Gernot; Schäfer, Falko; Wurl, Oliver (2025): Biogeochemical variables from a Multidisciplinary BASS Mesocosm Study at Wilhelmshaven, 2023 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.983972, In: Bibi, R et al. (2025): Physical, chemical, and biogeochemical parameters from a mesocosm experiment at the Sea Surface Facility (SURF), Wilhelmshaven, Germany, spring 2023 [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.984101

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Published: 2025-08-01DOI registered: 2025-09-01

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Abstract:
This dataset contains biogeochemical variables measured during the same mesocosm experiment at Sea Surface Facility (SURF) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany (53.5148° N, 8.1461° E) in 2023. Variables include surfactants and nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a, pigments, particulate and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, and several other biogeochemical parameters. These data complement the daily averaged physical parameters (PANGAEA DOI: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.983975) and together support the assessment of ecosystem and biogeochemical dynamics associated with the experiment, as described in the related publication Bibi et al., 2025.
Keyword(s):
BASS; biogeochemical processes; mesocosm experiment; mesocosm study; nutrients; organic matter; Phytoplankton bloom; sea-surface microlayer
Funding:
German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 451574234: FOR 5267 - Biogeochemical processes and Air-sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer (BASS)
Coverage:
Latitude: 53.514763 * Longitude: 8.146221
Date/Time Start: 2023-05-18T03:53:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-06-16T13:02:00
Event(s):
BASS_Mesocosm * Latitude: 53.514763 * Longitude: 8.146221 * Date/Time Start: 2023-05-16T03:57:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-06-16T13:02:00 * Method/Device: Mesocosm studies * Comment: Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Wilhelmshaven
Comment:
Quality Flag (QF)
0 (Unknown) No information on data quality
1 (Good data) Certainly good data point
2 (Probably good data) Likely good data
3 (Questionable data) Data point needs extra attention
4 (Bad Data) Do not use
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Type of studyStudy typeBibi, Riaz
LocationLocationBibi, RiazSampling place; SURF= Sea sURface Facility;
Layer descriptionLayerBibi, RiazSML = sea surface microlayer; ULW = Underlying water
Depth, descriptionDepth descBibi, Riaz
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeBibi, RiazGeocode
Temperature, waterTemp°CThölen, ClaudiaFerryBox systemDaily average water temperature of ULW
Quality flag, water temperatureQF water tempThölen, ClaudiaFerryBox system
Salinity, absoluteASALg/kgThölen, ClaudiaFerryBox systemDaily average salinity of ULW
Quality flag, absolute salinityQF ASALThölen, Claudiasee comment
10 Turbidity (Nephelometric turbidity unit)TurbidityNTUThölen, ClaudiaFerryBox systemDaily average water column turbidity in the ULW
11 Quality flag, turbidityQF turbidityThölen, Claudiasee comment
12 Nitrite[NO2]-µmol/lLehners, CarolaSequential Automatic Analyser (SSA), SYSTEA, EasyChem [microtiter plate technique]
13 Quality flag, nitriteQF [NO2]-Lehners, Carolasee comment
14 Nitrate[NO3]-µmol/lLehners, CarolaSequential Automatic Analyser (SSA), SYSTEA, EasyChem [microtiter plate technique]
15 Quality flag, nitrateQF [NO3]-Lehners, Carolasee comment
16 Phosphate[PO4]3-µmol/lLehners, CarolaSequential Automatic Analyser (SSA), SYSTEA, EasyChem [microtiter plate technique]
17 Quality flag, phosphateQF [PO4]3-Lehners, Carolasee comment
18 SiliconSiµmol/lLehners, CarolaSequential Automatic Analyser (SSA), SYSTEA, EasyChem [microtiter plate technique]
19 Quality flag, siliconQF SiLehners, Carolasee comment
20 SurfactantsSurfactµg/lLehners, CarolaVoltammetry, Metrohm, 797 VA Computrace + 863 Autosamplerµg Teq L-1
21 Quality flag, surfactantsQF surfactLehners, Carolasee comment
22 Surface coverageSurface cov%Schäfer, FalkoSurface-sensitive non-linear vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy
23 Quality flag, surface coverageQF surface covSchäfer, Falkosee comment
24 Carbon, organic, dissolvedDOCµmol/lZöbelein, JasperShimadzu TOC analyzer, High Temperature Catalytic Oxidation (HTCO) method
25 Nitrogen, total dissolvedTDNµmol/lZöbelein, JasperShimadzu TOC analyzer, High Temperature Catalytic Oxidation (HTCO) method
26 Quality flag, carbon, organic, dissolvedQF DOCZöbelein, Jaspersee commentQF DOC, TDN
27 Nitrogen, particulatePNµmol/lKarnatz, JosefineAutomated elemental analyzer, HEKAtech, Euro EA 3000
28 Carbon, organic, particulatePOCµmol/lKarnatz, JosefineAutomated elemental analyzer, HEKAtech, Euro EA 3000
29 Quality flag, carbon, organic, particulateQF POCKarnatz, Josefinesee commentQF PN, POC
30 Chlorophyll aChl aµg/lNovak, MichaelHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
31 Carbon, organic, particulate per chlorophyll aPOC/Chl aµmol/µgBibi, RiazCalculatedCalculated as ratio
32 Quality flag, chlorophyll aQF chl aNovak, Michaelsee commentQF Chl a, POC:Chl a
33 Chlorophyll bChl bµg/lRöttgers, RüdigerHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
34 Chlorophyll cChl cµg/lRöttgers, RüdigerHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
35 CaroteneCaroteneµg/lRöttgers, RüdigerHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
36 Quality flag, pigmentsQF pigmRöttgers, Rüdigersee comment
37 Cylindrotheca closteriumC. closterium#/lWollschläger, JochenFlow imaging microscope, Yokogawa Fluid Imaging Technologies, FlowCam 8400abundance [Cells L-1]
38 Particles, volume concentrationPart vol concµl/lWollschläger, JochenParticle size analyzer, Sequoia Scientific, LISST-200XIntegrated volume concentration for particles with 5-10 µm diameter (corresponding to Emiliania huxleyi)
39 Particles, volume concentrationPart vol concµl/lWollschläger, JochenParticle size analyzer, Sequoia Scientific, LISST-200XIntegrated volume concentration for particles with 3-4 µm diameter (corresponding to the coccoliths from Emiliania huxleyi)
40 BacteriaBacteria#/lAthale, IshaFlow cytometer, BD Biosciences, FACSAria IIIBacterial cell counts
41 Quality flag, bacteriaQF bactAthale, Ishasee comment
42 Average well color developmentAWCDabsWurl, OliverBiolog Ecoplate Assay
43 Quality flag, average well color developmentQF AWCDWurl, Oliversee comment
44 Average substrate color development, polymersASCD polymersabsWurl, OliverBiolog Ecoplate Assay
45 Quality flag, average substrate color development, polymersQF ASCD polymersWurl, Oliversee comment
46 Average substrate color development, amino acidsASCD AAabsWurl, OliverBiolog Ecoplate Assay
47 Quality flag, average substrate color development, amino acidsQF ASCD AAWurl, Oliversee comment
48 Average substrate color development, aminesASCD aminesabsWurl, OliverBiolog Ecoplate Assay
49 Quality flag, average substrate color development, aminesQF ASCD aminesWurl, Oliversee comment
50 Average substrate color development, carbohydratesASCD CHOabsWurl, OliverBiolog Ecoplate Assay
51 Quality flag, average substrate color development, carbohydratesQF ASCD CHOWurl, Oliversee comment
52 Average substrate color development, carboxyl acidsASCD carboxylabsWurl, OliverBiolog Ecoplate Assay
53 Quality flag, average substrate color development, carboxyl acidsQF ASCD carboxylWurl, Oliversee comment
54 PercentagePerc%Wurl, OliverBiolog Ecoplate AssayN-index: Percentage of nitrogen-containing carbon substrates utilized
55 Quality flag, percentageQF percWurl, Oliversee commentQF N-index
Change history:
2025-12-15T14:19:44 – Updates in event BASS_Mesocosm: The coordinates were slightly corrected. The start and the end date/time of the experiment was added.
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
1924 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Study type

Location
(Sampling place; SURF= Sea sUR...)

Layer
(SML = sea surface microlayer;...)

Depth desc

Date/Time

Temp [°C]
(Daily average water temperatu...)

QF water temp
(FerryBox system)

ASAL [g/kg]
(Daily average salinity of ULW...)

QF ASAL
(see comment)
10 
Turbidity [NTU]
(Daily average water column tu...)
11 
QF turbidity
(see comment)
12 
[NO2]- [µmol/l]
(Sequential Automatic Analyser...)
13 
QF [NO2]-
(see comment)
14 
[NO3]- [µmol/l]
(Sequential Automatic Analyser...)
15 
QF [NO3]-
(see comment)
16 
[PO4]3- [µmol/l]
(Sequential Automatic Analyser...)
17 
QF [PO4]3-
(see comment)
18 
Si [µmol/l]
(Sequential Automatic Analyser...)
19 
QF Si
(see comment)
20 
Surfact [µg/l]
(µg Teq L-1, Voltammetry, Metr...)
21 
QF surfact
(see comment)
22 
Surface cov [%]
(Surface-sensitive non-linear ...)
23 
QF surface cov
(see comment)
24 
DOC [µmol/l]
(Shimadzu TOC analyzer, High T...)
25 
TDN [µmol/l]
(Shimadzu TOC analyzer, High T...)
26 
QF DOC
(QF DOC, TDN, see comment)
27 
PN [µmol/l]
(Automated elemental analyzer,...)
28 
POC [µmol/l]
(Automated elemental analyzer,...)
29 
QF POC
(QF PN, POC, see comment)
30 
Chl a [µg/l]
(High Performance Liquid Chrom...)
31 
POC/Chl a [µmol/µg]
(Calculated as ratio, Calculated)
32 
QF chl a
(QF Chl a, POC:Chl a, see comment)
33 
Chl b [µg/l]
(High Performance Liquid Chrom...)
34 
Chl c [µg/l]
(High Performance Liquid Chrom...)
35 
Carotene [µg/l]
(High Performance Liquid Chrom...)
36 
QF pigm
(see comment)
37 
C. closterium [#/l]
(abundance [Cells L-1], Flow i...)
38 
Part vol conc [µl/l]
(Integrated volume concentrati...)
39 
Part vol conc [µl/l]
(Integrated volume concentrati...)
40 
Bacteria [#/l]
(Bacterial cell counts, Flow c...)
41 
QF bact
(see comment)
42 
AWCD [abs]
(Biolog Ecoplate Assay)
43 
QF AWCD
(see comment)
44 
ASCD polymers [abs]
(Biolog Ecoplate Assay)
45 
QF ASCD polymers
(see comment)
46 
ASCD AA [abs]
(Biolog Ecoplate Assay)
47 
QF ASCD AA
(see comment)
48 
ASCD amines [abs]
(Biolog Ecoplate Assay)
49 
QF ASCD amines
(see comment)
50 
ASCD CHO [abs]
(Biolog Ecoplate Assay)
51 
QF ASCD CHO
(see comment)
52 
ASCD carboxyl [abs]
(Biolog Ecoplate Assay)
53 
QF ASCD carboxyl
(see comment)
54 
Perc [%]
(N-index: Percentage of nitrog...)
55 
QF perc
(QF N-index, see comment)
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-18T03:53:000.73112.1611.1710.811499.1016.21344.149.041
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-18T03:55:0017.29129.22119.0710.67112.2810.0910.471170.131322.433.6318.63103.5714.4523.2810.290.490.131210.780.25
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-19T13:23:000.74110.0911.3010.941191.241-2.516796890252
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-19T13:23:0017.75129.32113.9010.66110.1410.0810.451216.811334.436.7217.1856.3112.4323.1610.400.250.13103.100.078820679822
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-20T03:51:000.6019.6610.0560.41189.62142.21
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-20T04:45:0018.34129.43111.5310.9218.7719.2762.711166.352287.532.5614.6634.9811.2328.4510.210.150.07102.140.07
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-21T13:21:000.7917.6610.8211.191137.88117.11376.340.531
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-21T13:24:0018.62129.52110.9310.6418.7710.0460.451153.411316.243.5413.7529.3711.1425.7610.110.240.05101.260.06
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-22T03:47:000.8119.0310.6810.831294.77153.01111098438343
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-22T03:47:0019.14129.55110.9710.6419.0410.0460.451161.771322.844.0813.8724.4911.3518.1410.100.290.041231.350.086854092692
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-23T13:16:000.8416.8610.8810.881137.65230.711.0511.4911.2810.6521.1510.50128.951
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-23T13:20:0018.46129.60111.1010.5917.3910.0360.081124.753349.035.0113.7125.6411.6515.5510.070.510.051131.130.050.3621.3820.8420.9121.0520.98217.542
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-24T03:45:000.8816.3110.8310.401293.56234.61386.646.741
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-24T03:45:0017.05129.69111.2910.6017.2310.0360.131216.063362.538.8213.8023.3611.9012.2910.090.540.051171.280.06
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-25T13:15:000.9213.7810.5511.601233.45232.9124817016243
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-25T13:15:0016.88129.76111.9410.6216.7210.026-0.286144.821273.438.0224.5935.2112.5813.6310.100.720.071101.890.059389777822
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-26T03:43:000.8516.2110.9610.401199.6719.111.1311.4111.3010.7921.0810.57130.061
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-26T03:43:0017.04129.82113.1410.7416.6810.036-0.246214.021330.438.2924.7537.7313.2311.6710.101.010.08181.850.090.4611.9411.0710.5821.0410.58123.781
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-27T13:11:000.6711.1611.04117.151342.91145.41318.036.6021.2711.2211.1910.8120.9910.84128.171
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-27T13:11:0017.82129.84115.2310.5811.1010.34117.341167.262551.631.7936.9555.3415.899.4010.001.870.111114.940.040.8611.3811.2610.5921.0811.08128.691
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-28T03:57:000.5710.4811.28116.851334.13262.6126885886942
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-28T03:58:0019.00129.93120.8110.1910.2110.25116.171116.902552.528.5837.7754.2517.177.5710.042.150.131253.700.675104286662
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-29T13:11:000.2510.3911.10113.881401.19282.11349.142.852
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-29T13:11:0019.14130.04127.4010.1610.1560.07113.541218.601282.432.9627.6995.1715.3117.9310.051.480.1315662.871.37
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-30T03:38:000.3610.2211.05113.331327.06175.21348.444.3421.0511.3511.0210.5421.1810.73123.111
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-30T03:38:0018.82130.11133.0010.1510.1360.08112.611166.832285.535.3427.4487.9615.0617.3810.041.380.1318852.381.520.8521.2021.0021.0421.1420.75226.022
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-05-31T13:10:000.1710.5713.05116.071274.10180.61100575821721.2011.3511.4910.7021.0310.56133.441
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-05-31T13:10:0019.39130.15138.3210.0360.1260.08116.84149.4826.7110.001.800.1618113.291.7648779864020.8011.7111.1410.5021.0710.62125.081
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-01T03:30:000.1310.2812.12113.941522.11184.71
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-01T03:30:0018.71130.23149.8110.0610.1160.08114.071301.851299.637.1119.79165.6819.5517.3510.092.150.23113643.022.50
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-02T13:23:000.3410.9718.1418.8711445.00199.31636.355.762
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-02T13:23:0018.38130.30157.9810.0510.2410.0569.871251.322461.843.09310.06144.1918.7216.5310.101.820.23134113.233.23
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-03T03:32:000.1310.2411.5717.791444.50190.01173815032320.9611.5211.4410.7621.0710.45132.771
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-03T03:32:0018.98130.42168.8710.0460.1160.0468.171171.541326.530.88111.41165.6411.4614.4510.132.110.26142683.353.8824597529820.8211.6011.0310.7521.0410.72124.651
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-04T13:03:000.2710.4512.0817.1911963.26184.110.9311.5611.5410.5621.0510.43133.581
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-04T13:03:0019.62130.54179.1810.0710.1760.0366.621214.271434.336.77110.52173.0415.8629.5210.131.110.16141172.904.020.8121.5121.1220.5221.090.65224.94
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-05T03:31:000.9710.4812.5517.0111868.10186.11465.439.751
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-05T03:31:0019.83130.66186.5910.1510.1160.0466.161232.682368.636.89111.14170.6915.4931.1110.001.050.15138962.753.92
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-06T13:00:000.3010.1364.1116.4811410.27185.8118567989912
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-06T13:00:0020.17130.77187.2510.0710.0260.0915.671266.681414.631.90110.59152.1812.5759.2310.000.450.08122041.123.665097827502
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-07T03:28:000.2510.2013.2815.121716.90195.611.3911.4511.4510.7121.0510.51132.671
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-07T03:28:0020.45130.89182.7210.0710.0460.1315.44146.633470.147.68110.26138.0512.4456.6010.000.410.08113871.222.740.8411.6411.1410.7820.8310.85127.131
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-08T12:59:000.3411.23111.34112.5761010.11187.41596.338.4910.7932.6731.5930.3931.451.2322.35
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-08T12:59:0020.72131.01177.7010.0510.0960.3714.981222.101407.734.6019.52107.7011.3579.9110.000.300.0415590.561.600.6811.3210.9910.4621.1410.84121.331
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-09T03:30:000.5410.79111.5219.071290.37185.7125712762922
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-09T03:30:0021.39131.14171.5410.0610.1360.1314.861167.031370.731.7319.28104.2811.1590.6610.000.290.0412390.311.1213361741462
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-10T12:59:000.7210.4414.4016.201371.71183.81
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-10T12:59:0022.15131.27165.7710.0610.1260.0164.551218.001467.837.7017.3678.7911.0475.5710.000.200.041920.360.93
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-11T03:28:000.4210.5218.0116.801133.591103.81592.171.3611.3511.4111.2610.7121.0310.69128.821
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-11T03:28:0022.75131.43158.5610.0510.1360.4213.781121.152589.064.2927.1070.9511.0865.5610.000.140.041460.280.760.1833.3631.723-1.9630.720.2820.66
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-12T12:57:000.6711.26119.4865.4311179.401104.61689.244.911146248520721.3911.3011.4110.6620.9710.73131.491
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-12T12:57:0023.48131.59150.7410.0360.1160.1413.521188.202419.947.5115.7359.8111.2348.7510.000.080.071460.450.74131015764720.7712.0811.1410.8820.8710.60127.511
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-13T03:30:000.4010.4918.4313.941341.082102.01
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-13T03:30:0023.43131.80142.0510.0460.1760.1013.081232.701446.933.3915.5454.0411.1945.4210.000.110.061440.520.74
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-14T12:55:001.1010.4915.5713.1911229.251100.31670.040.601
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-14T12:55:0023.43131.99133.5010.0460.1260.1112.711313.701434.341.0515.0546.8311.7726.5210.000.100.121500.620.59
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-15T03:27:000.9010.4818.8912.971471.101100.21114681743192
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-15T03:27:0023.40132.17125.9710.0260.1260.1012.911205.491389.434.2115.2046.581.4831.4510.000.080.091380.990.6316813561962
Mesocosm experimentSURFSMLSurface2023-06-16T13:02:000.3710.4118.20110.016253.50195.91
Mesocosm experimentSURFULW40cm2023-06-16T13:00:0023.64132.33120.4110.0260.0960.0912.371244.742540.753.70100.930.45