Katwal, Kamal; Thapa, Aadarsha; Pokharel, Bidek; Ghimire, Nischal; Dhungana, Urusha (2025): Ground Water Quality Data of Kathmandu Valley for Various Source Utilized by Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL) [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.983648
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Published: 2025-07-08 • DOI registered: 2025-07-08
Abstract:
This dataset presents comprehensive physicochemical measurements of raw groundwater utilized by Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL) across the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Collected from 60 operational groundwater sources between September 2023 and January 2024, the data include spatial coordinates , temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and concentrations of critical parameters: ammonia (0.1–3.0 mg/L), arsenic (0.2–1.5 mg/L), iron (0.15–7.5 mg/L), nitrate (5–37.5 mg/L), phosphate (0.025–1.0 mg/L), chloride (0.0038–62.72 mg/L), and hardness (16–280 mg/L). All samples tested negative for E. coli. The dataset reveals significant spatial variability, with arsenic and ammonia exceeding Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) in urban areas, while iron and phosphate levels indicate localized contamination hotspots. These primary data support groundwater quality assessments, geospatial modeling, and policy interventions for sustainable water management in rapidly urbanizing regions.
Documentation:
Test Procedures Methods for Ground Water Quality Data of Kathmandu Valley (2025). Katwal_et-al_2025_Test_Procedures_Methods.pdf
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 27.705436 * Median Longitude: 85.346854 * South-bound Latitude: 27.583854 * West-bound Longitude: 85.260082 * North-bound Latitude: 27.766333 * East-bound Longitude: 85.481563
Date/Time Start: 2023-09-20T10:30:16 * Date/Time End: 2024-01-26T12:04:09
Minimum ELEVATION: 1254 m a.s.l. * Maximum ELEVATION: 1537 m a.s.l.
Event(s):
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Station label | Station | Katwal, Kamal | |||
| 2 | Identification number | ID no | Katwal, Kamal | |||
| 3 | Operation mode | Op mode | Katwal, Kamal | |||
| 4 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Katwal, Kamal | Geocode | ||
| 5 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Katwal, Kamal | Geocode | ||
| 6 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Katwal, Kamal | Geocode | ||
| 7 | ELEVATION | Elevation | m a.s.l. | Katwal, Kamal | Geocode | |
| 8 | Chlorine | Cl | mg/l | Katwal, Kamal | Free residual chlorine | |
| 9 | pH | pH | Katwal, Kamal | |||
| 10 | Ammonia | NH3 | mg/l | Katwal, Kamal | ||
| 11 | Iron | Fe | mg/l | Katwal, Kamal | ||
| 12 | Nitrate | [NO3]- | mg/l | Katwal, Kamal | ||
| 13 | Phosphate | [PO4]3- | mg/l | Katwal, Kamal | ||
| 14 | Chloride | Cl- | mg/l | Katwal, Kamal | ||
| 15 | Hardness of water | Hardness of water | mg/l | Katwal, Kamal | ||
| 16 | Arsenic | As | mg/l | Katwal, Kamal | ||
| 17 | Oxygen, dissolved | DO | mg/l | Katwal, Kamal | ||
| 18 | Presence/absence | Presence/absence | Katwal, Kamal | E.coli (1=present,0=absence) |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
918 data points
Data
| 1 Station | 2 ID no | 3 Op mode | 4 Latitude | 5 Longitude | 6 Date/Time | 7 Elevation [m a.s.l.] | 8 Cl [mg/l] | 9 pH | 10 NH3 [mg/l] | 11 Fe [mg/l] | 12 [NO3]- [mg/l] | 13 [PO4]3- [mg/l] | 14 Cl- [mg/l] | 15 Hardness of water [mg/l] | 16 As [mg/l] | 17 DO [mg/l] | 18 Presence/absence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gongabu pump no 7b | 1 | running | 27.73887460 | 85.32050554 | 2023-09-20T10:30:16 | 1310 | 0 | 6.5 | 2.25 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.650 | 3.92 | 48 | 0.35 | 5.8 | 0 |
| gongabu well no 8 | 2 | running | 27.74090391 | 85.32061514 | 2023-10-11T12:17:10 | 1315 | 0 | 6.5 | 2.25 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 0.650 | 7.84 | 40 | 0.75 | 5.4 | 0 |
| gongabu well no 6b | 3 | running | 27.74696011 | 85.32434890 | 2023-11-26T14:02:11 | 1313 | 0 | 6.8 | 2.25 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 0.350 | 7.84 | 40 | 0.35 | 6.7 | 0 |
| gongabu well no 6a | 4 | running | 27.74706293 | 85.32452041 | 2023-11-26T13:30:55 | 1313 | 0 | 6.6 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 0.350 | 7.84 | 40 | 0.75 | 5.3 | 0 |
| gongabu well no 4b | 5 | running | 27.75122016 | 85.32549956 | 2023-11-26T12:55:26 | 1314 | 0 | 6.5 | 1.25 | 4.00 | 5.0 | 0.650 | 19.60 | 48 | 0.35 | 5.4 | 0 |
| gongabu well no 3 | 6 | running | 27.75550197 | 85.32838307 | 2023-11-26T14:33:45 | 1318 | 0 | 6.8 | 2.25 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.350 | 7.84 | 40 | 0.35 | 6.6 | 0 |
| manmaiju well no 6 | 7 | running | 27.74965814 | 85.31264297 | 2023-11-26T15:19:37 | 1317 | 0 | 6.8 | 2.25 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.350 | 7.84 | 40 | 0.75 | 6.3 | 0 |
| manmaiju well no 7 | 8 | running | 27.75344142 | 85.31348875 | 2023-11-26T10:03:38 | 1321 | 0 | 6.7 | 2.25 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.650 | 19.60 | 40 | 0.75 | 6.4 | 0 |
| syambhunath stupa | 9 | running | 27.71573413 | 85.28524413 | 2023-11-26T10:24:46 | 1360 | 0 | 7.7 | 3.00 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 0.350 | 35.28 | 176 | 0.75 | 9.9 | 0 |
| manmohan | 10 | running | 27.71319424 | 85.28206175 | 2023-11-26T10:49:25 | 1335 | 0 | 6.9 | 2.25 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 0.025 | 19.60 | 96 | 0.75 | 10.4 | 0 |
| dallu awas | 11 | running | 27.71042220 | 85.29605064 | 2023-11-26T11:07:41 | 1301 | 0 | 7.2 | 3.00 | 0.15 | 17.5 | 0.025 | 27.44 | 144 | 0.75 | 8.8 | 0 |
| kankeshwori | 12 | running | 27.70674163 | 85.30257593 | 2023-11-26T11:25:21 | 1287 | 0 | 6.8 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 17.5 | 0.025 | 11.76 | 256 | 0.75 | 8.8 | 0 |
| kanyamandir | 13 | running | 27.71063164 | 85.30875392 | 2023-11-26T11:42:54 | 1304 | 0 | 7.3 | 3.00 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.025 | 11.76 | 112 | 0.75 | 10.2 | 0 |
| khusibu | 14 | running | 27.72145935 | 85.30106463 | 2023-11-26T11:59:08 | 1292 | 0 | 7.2 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 5.0 | 0.025 | 31.36 | 280 | 0.75 | 9.5 | 0 |
| gongabu samudayik pump | 15 | running | 27.73654341 | 85.30783166 | 2023-11-26T14:49:51 | 1298 | 0 | 7.1 | 2.25 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 0.125 | 7.84 | 104 | 1.50 | 6.4 | 0 |
| Mahadevkhola well no 5b | 16 | running | 27.74803913 | 85.31516656 | 2023-11-26T16:33:42 | 1304 | 0 | 6.5 | 3.00 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.350 | 11.76 | 40 | 0.35 | 5.2 | 0 |
| baluwapati bt 3 | 17 | running | 27.75386356 | 85.31873739 | 2023-11-26T15:08:22 | 1319 | 0 | 6.6 | 2.25 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 0.125 | 7.84 | 40 | 0.35 | 5.8 | 0 |
| baniyatar height | 18 | running | 27.74860325 | 85.31862333 | 2023-11-26T16:07:12 | 1321 | 0 | 6.6 | 2.25 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.650 | 15.68 | 40 | 0.35 | 5.1 | 0 |
| Golfutar | 19 | running | 27.75104220 | 85.34577800 | 2023-11-26T16:19:46 | 1357 | 0 | 7.1 | 0.75 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 0.350 | 15.68 | 64 | 0.35 | 6.5 | 0 |
| Jhaldhunga Marg | 20 | running | 27.74517720 | 85.34289050 | 2023-11-26T09:31:11 | 1368 | 0 | 6.7 | 2.25 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.025 | 7.84 | 48 | 0.75 | 6.3 | 0 |
| Chyasundol(Hepali Height) | 21 | running | 27.75392440 | 85.33955520 | 2023-11-26T09:42:52 | 1356 | 0 | 6.9 | 1.25 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 0.125 | 7.84 | 40 | 0.75 | 6.2 | 0 |
| Animal Quarantine Office | 22 | running | 27.76633330 | 85.35312280 | 2023-11-26T09:57:42 | 1353 | 0 | 6.9 | 3.00 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 0.125 | 7.84 | 40 | 0.75 | 7.1 | 0 |
| bode treatment plant 1 | 23 | running | 27.69646224 | 85.39420855 | 2024-01-13T09:10:17 | 1324 | 0 | 8.3 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 3.92 | 40 | 0.75 | 6.0 | 0 |
| bode treatment plant 2 | 24 | running | 27.69622856 | 85.39433934 | 2024-01-13T09:30:09 | 1326 | 0 | 7.4 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 27.44 | 40 | 0.75 | 6.5 | 0 |
| bode treatment plant 3 | 25 | running | 27.69607033 | 85.39374456 | 2024-01-13T09:44:38 | 1325 | 0 | 7.5 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 7.84 | 48 | 0.75 | 6.5 | 0 |
| manohara water supply 1 | 26 | running | 27.70281349 | 85.39606997 | 2024-01-13T09:58:31 | 1315 | 0 | 7.4 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 17.5 | 1.000 | 3.92 | 32 | 0.75 | 6.3 | 0 |
| manohara water supply 2 | 27 | running | 27.70269747 | 85.39603230 | 2024-01-13T10:11:54 | 1315 | 0 | 7.7 | 3.00 | 0.65 | 17.5 | 0.650 | 23.52 | 32 | 0.75 | 7.8 | 0 |
| manohara water supply 3 | 28 | running | 27.70281721 | 85.39597280 | 2024-01-13T10:29:05 | 1315 | 0 | 7.2 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 17.5 | 1.000 | 7.84 | 40 | 0.75 | 7.5 | 0 |
| nil barahi(Tigni) | 29 | running | 27.69469885 | 85.39644031 | 2024-01-13T10:46:51 | 1359 | 0 | 7.2 | 3.00 | 0.65 | 17.5 | 0.650 | 15.68 | 48 | 0.75 | 5.8 | 0 |
| tube well 3 saraswoti khel | 30 | running | 27.69590163 | 85.39896459 | 2024-01-20T09:20:25 | 1334 | 0 | 7.0 | 2.25 | 4.00 | 5.0 | 0.350 | 11.76 | 24 | 1.50 | 5.1 | 0 |
| nil barahi well no 4 | 31 | running | 27.70019101 | 85.39768066 | 2024-01-13T11:50:25 | 1320 | 0 | 7.1 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 27.44 | 40 | 0.75 | 6.0 | 0 |
| madhyapur thimi well no 2 | 32 | running | 27.69218588 | 85.39333670 | 2024-01-20T09:48:52 | 1341 | 0 | 7.0 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 5.0 | 0.025 | 11.76 | 48 | 0.75 | 7.3 | 0 |
| magar gau | 33 | running | 27.68695604 | 85.37635309 | 2024-01-20T10:03:45 | 1335 | 0 | 7.1 | 3.00 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 27.44 | 56 | 0.75 | 5.8 | 0 |
| liwali pump | 34 | running | 27.66894776 | 85.43863859 | 2024-01-20T10:18:35 | 1330 | 0 | 6.9 | 3.00 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.650 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.75 | 5.1 | 0 |
| kharipati 2 | 35 | running | 27.68963234 | 85.45800937 | 2024-01-20T10:35:19 | 1370 | 0 | 6.9 | 2.25 | 7.50 | 5.0 | 0.125 | 15.68 | 56 | 0.75 | 5.1 | 0 |
| muhanpokari | 36 | running | 27.70518777 | 85.48156310 | 2024-01-20T10:51:37 | 1367 | 0 | 7.4 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 0.125 | 7.84 | 40 | 0.75 | 5.3 | 0 |
| Dudhpati | 37 | running | 27.66801962 | 85.41992576 | 2024-01-20T11:08:56 | 1311 | 0 | 7.2 | 3.00 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 27.44 | 112 | 1.50 | 5.3 | 0 |
| lokhanthali | 38 | running | 27.67414908 | 85.35628827 | 2024-01-20T11:25:54 | 1313 | 0 | 7.2 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 62.72 | 48 | 0.35 | 8.1 | 0 |
| Sim school | 39 | running | 27.65791700 | 85.26486100 | 2024-01-20T11:39:06 | 1348 | 0 | 7.4 | 0.75 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 0.025 | 3.92 | 112 | 0.35 | 8.2 | 0 |
| Dudhpokhari | 40 | running | 27.66252800 | 85.26116700 | 2024-01-20T11:54:29 | 1351 | 0 | 7.2 | 0.75 | 0.15 | 17.5 | 0.025 | 7.84 | 96 | 0.75 | 8.3 | 0 |
| Chobar | 41 | running | 27.66425000 | 85.29111100 | 2024-01-20T12:10:39 | 1400 | 0 | 6.5 | 2.25 | 0.15 | 17.5 | 0.025 | 15.68 | 160 | 0.35 | 7.2 | 0 |
| Sankhamul | 42 | running | 27.67846890 | 85.33210870 | 2024-01-26T09:17:22 | 1286 | 0 | 6.8 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 3.92 | 24 | 0.75 | 5.7 | 0 |
| Balkumari | 43 | running | 27.67080680 | 85.33790830 | 2024-01-26T09:34:09 | 1295 | 0 | 6.6 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 7.84 | 144 | 0.75 | 6.3 | 0 |
| Jwagal | 44 | running | 27.68581480 | 85.32490260 | 2024-01-26T09:53:55 | 1285 | 0 | 6.7 | 3.00 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 7.84 | 152 | 0.75 | 6.6 | 0 |
| Mantri quarter | 45 | running | 27.68148010 | 85.31383180 | 2024-01-26T10:04:40 | 1308 | 0 | 6.8 | 3.00 | 0.15 | 17.5 | 1.000 | 7.84 | 144 | 1.50 | 6.4 | 0 |
| Charghare | 46 | running | 27.62688460 | 85.36391170 | 2024-01-26T10:22:54 | 1370 | 0 | 7.6 | 0.35 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 0.025 | 7.84 | 96 | 0.75 | 7.0 | 0 |
| pharsidol well no 2 | 47 | running | 27.60641240 | 85.29643070 | 2024-01-26T10:40:05 | 1254 | 0 | 7.6 | 1.25 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 0.025 | 27.44 | 104 | 0.75 | 5.5 | 0 |
| Basuki | 48 | running | 27.58776510 | 85.32154790 | 2024-01-26T10:58:38 | 1525 | 0 | 8.2 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 0.025 | 43.12 | 48 | 0.75 | 8.5 | 0 |
| Sinamangal | 49 | running | 27.69646000 | 85.35176000 | 2024-01-20T12:24:38 | 1302 | 0 | 6.6 | 3.00 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.650 | 7.84 | 32 | 0.75 | 5.9 | 0 |
| MH5 | 50 | running | 27.70722200 | 85.39458300 | 2024-01-20T12:40:09 | 1330 | 0 | 6.3 | 3.00 | 0.15 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 11.76 | 40 | 0.75 | 4.7 | 0 |
| MH3 | 51 | running | 27.71394400 | 85.39533300 | 2024-01-20T12:55:16 | 1339 | 0 | 6.3 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 7.84 | 24 | 0.75 | 5.8 | 0 |
| Dakshindhoka | 52 | running | 27.72080600 | 85.39147200 | 2024-01-20T13:09:45 | 1332 | 0 | 6.5 | 3.00 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 11.76 | 16 | 0.75 | 7.1 | 0 |
| Ra pra pa | 53 | running | 27.72514350 | 85.34170900 | 2024-01-20T13:26:09 | 1322 | 0 | 6.6 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 11.76 | 24 | 1.50 | 6.7 | 0 |
| Sankhapark | 54 | running | 27.73419290 | 85.34237190 | 2024-01-20T13:40:14 | 1333 | 0 | 6.9 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 11.76 | 32 | 0.75 | 8.1 | 0 |
| GK2 | 55 | running | 27.74181400 | 85.40268200 | 2024-01-20T13:53:39 | 1342 | 0 | 6.7 | 0.75 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.900 | 19.60 | 24 | 0.75 | 5.5 | 0 |
| GK3 | 56 | running | 27.74316700 | 85.40550000 | 2024-01-20T14:08:01 | 1347 | 0 | 6.7 | 1.25 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.025 | 7.84 | 16 | 0.75 | 5.2 | 0 |
| Sipradi | 57 | running | 27.68671170 | 85.26008200 | 2024-01-26T11:10:21 | 1338 | 0 | 6.6 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 7.84 | 48 | 0.35 | 6.0 | 0 |
| Jhulungey Pul | 58 | running | 27.67588040 | 85.33817490 | 2024-01-20T14:26:24 | 1301 | 0 | 6.2 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 7.84 | 96 | 0.75 | 5.4 | 0 |
| Muldole | 59 | running | 27.58385380 | 85.33515910 | 2024-01-26T11:48:08 | 1537 | 0 | 7.7 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 37.5 | 0.025 | 3.92 | 80 | 0.75 | 8.7 | 0 |
| Jadibiti | 60 | running | 27.67610007 | 85.35125940 | 2024-01-26T12:04:09 | 1297 | 0 | 6.9 | 3.00 | 7.50 | 5.0 | 1.000 | 7.84 | 120 | 0.75 | 8.2 | 0 |
| gongabu chouki pump | 1 | non-operational | 27.73933236 | 85.31105007 | 1301 | ||||||||||||
| madhevkhola well no 4 | 2 | non-operational | 27.73843508 | 85.30939864 | 1300 | ||||||||||||
| Ratnapark | 3 | non-operational | 27.70568015 | 85.31424099 | 1302 | ||||||||||||
| maharajgunj sakha well 0 | 4 | non-operational | 27.73550176 | 85.30675475 | 1302 | ||||||||||||
| mahadevkhola well no 5a | 5 | non-operational | 27.74812900 | 85.31509593 | 1305 | ||||||||||||
| basuki pul tarkeswor nagarlika | 6 | non-operational | 27.75219076 | 85.31629913 | 1303 | ||||||||||||
| manmaiju (out of order) | 7 | non-operational | 27.74738456 | 85.31319805 | 1308 | ||||||||||||
| gongabu well no 4a | 8 | non-operational | 27.75117953 | 85.32541864 | 1309 | ||||||||||||
| gongabu well no 5 | 9 | non-operational | 27.74378217 | 85.32221466 | 1309 | ||||||||||||
| Gongabu well no 7a | 10 | non-operational | 27.73890484 | 85.32041448 | 1313 | ||||||||||||
| manohara planning 1 | 11 | non-operational | 27.68919200 | 85.36943300 | 1307 | ||||||||||||
| manohara planning 2 | 12 | non-operational | 27.68806500 | 85.36753800 | 1309 | ||||||||||||
| manohara planning 3 | 13 | non-operational | 27.68643820 | 85.36536780 | 1302 | ||||||||||||
| kharipati 1 | 14 | non-operational | 27.68923221 | 85.45736690 | 1311 | ||||||||||||
| sallaghari 1 | 15 | non-operational | 27.67574899 | 85.40924007 | 1322 | ||||||||||||
| sallaghari 2 | 16 | non-operational | 27.67582662 | 85.40901370 | 1306 | ||||||||||||
| Bishnudevi | 17 | non-operational | 27.68083300 | 85.27602800 | 1310 | ||||||||||||
| pharsidol well no 1 | 18 | non-operational | 27.62484300 | 85.30276500 | 1348 | ||||||||||||
| Mahadev Mandir | 19 | non-operational | 27.68101400 | 85.34108900 | 1295 | ||||||||||||
| MH6 | 20 | non-operational | 27.70409100 | 85.39049170 | 1294 | ||||||||||||
| MH4 | 21 | non-operational | 27.71108840 | 85.39338880 | 1351 | ||||||||||||
| Tripureshwor | 22 | non-operational | 27.69697640 | 85.31332860 | 1297 | ||||||||||||
| GK1 | 23 | non-operational | 27.74313900 | 85.40977800 | 1291 | ||||||||||||
| Nayapati | 24 | non-operational | 27.74423700 | 85.40848500 | 1350 | ||||||||||||
| Syuchatar | 25 | non-operational | 27.69719900 | 85.27901210 | 1330 | ||||||||||||
| Pharping | 26 | non-operational | 27.61315710 | 85.29014620 | 1261 |