Starke, Joris; Schütt, Brigitta; Nykamp, Moritz; Busch, Robert; Doğan, M; Becker, Fabian (2025): Sediment analyses (pXRF) from the Araplı catchment in the Pergamon Micro-Region, western Turkey [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.983484, In: Starke, J et al. (2025): Sediment analyses (pH, electrical conductivity, mag. susceptibility, loss on ignition, remission and pXRF) and radiocarbon ages from the Araplı catchment in the Pergamon Micro-Region, western Turkey [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.983469
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Published: 2025-08-19 • DOI registered: 2025-09-17
Abstract:
The dataset was collected from seven sediment cores along a transect spanning the Araplı alluvial fan, east of ancient Pergamon, in the eastern lower Bakırçay plain, Pergamon micro-region, Türkiye. The cores were taken, described, sampled, and analyzed in the field and at the Bergama excavation house in October 2023. Sediment samples were taken at irregular intervals and orientated along layer boundaries; samples include 3 cm of sediment in fine earth and 5 cm in gravelly material. Reported sample depths are simplified and given by their mean depth. Samples (n = 293) were analyzed for element composition (portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence).
Keyword(s):
Supplement to:
Starke, Joris; Doğan, M; Ludwig, B; Nykamp, Moritz; Schütt, Brigitta; Becker, Fabian (2025): Alluvial fan development mirrors settlement dynamics in the peri-urban surroundings of ancient Pergamon, western Türkiye. Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-025-00180-8
Funding:
German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 419349690: The Transformation of the Micro-region Pergamon between the Hellenistic Period and the Roman Imperial Age
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 39.143268 * Median Longitude: 27.254561 * South-bound Latitude: 39.135460 * West-bound Longitude: 27.246915 * North-bound Latitude: 39.152122 * East-bound Longitude: 27.263496
Date/Time Start: 2023-10-02T09:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-10-07T11:00:00
Minimum Elevation: 35.1 m * Maximum Elevation: 46.3 m
Event(s):
Ara-01 (PE23-PhyGeo-FUB) * Latitude: 39.135460 * Longitude: 27.263496 * Date/Time Start: 2023-10-02T09:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-10-02T14:00:00 * Elevation: 35.1 m * Recovery: 1000 cm * Method/Device: Vibracoring, Wacker BHF 30 S, with open cores of 5 cm diameter (VCW) * Comment: Araplı alluvial fan (toe)
Ara-02 (PE23-PhyGeo-FUB) * Latitude: 39.138489 * Longitude: 27.259330 * Date/Time Start: 2023-10-03T09:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-10-03T14:00:00 * Elevation: 35.4 m * Recovery: 900 cm * Method/Device: Vibracoring, Wacker BHF 30 S, with open cores of 5 cm diameter (VCW) * Comment: Araplı alluvial fan (distal)
Ara-03 (PE23-PhyGeo-FUB) * Latitude: 39.141737 * Longitude: 27.257224 * Date/Time Start: 2023-10-04T09:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-10-06T13:30:00 * Elevation: 36.4 m * Recovery: 900 cm * Method/Device: Vibracoring, Wacker BHF 30 S, with open cores of 5 cm diameter (VCW) * Comment: Araplı alluvial fan (distal)
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | Starke, Joris | |||
| 2 | Sample code/label | Sample label | Starke, Joris | |||
| 3 | Measurement type | Measurement type | Starke, Joris | |||
| 4 | Unit | Unit | Starke, Joris | |||
| 5 | Antimony | Sb | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 6 | Antimony, error | Sb e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 7 | Tin | Sn | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 8 | Tin, error | Sn e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 9 | Cadmium | Cd | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 10 | Cadmium, error | Cd e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 11 | Silver | Ag | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 12 | Silver, error | Ag e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 13 | Elements, other | Elements oth | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 14 | Elements, other, error | Elements oth e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 15 | Uranium | U | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 16 | Uranium, error | U e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 17 | Niobium | Nb | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 18 | Niobium, error | Nb e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 19 | Zirconium | Zr | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 20 | Zirconium, error | Zr e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 21 | Yttrium | Y | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 22 | Yttrium, error | Y e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 23 | Strontium | Sr | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 24 | Strontium, error | Sr e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 25 | Rubidium | Rb | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 26 | Rubidium | Rb e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 27 | Bismuth | Bi | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 28 | Bismuth, error | Bi e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 29 | Lead | Pb | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 30 | Lead, error | Pb e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 31 | Gold | Au | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 32 | Gold, error | Au e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 33 | Selenium | Se | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 34 | Selenium, error | Se e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 35 | Arsenic | As | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 36 | Arsenic, error | As e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 37 | Mercury | Hg | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 38 | Mercury, error | Hg e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 39 | Zinc | Zn | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 40 | Zinc, error | Zn e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 41 | Copper | Cu | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 42 | Copper, error | Cu e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 43 | Nickel | Ni | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 44 | Nickel, error | Ni e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 45 | Cobalt | Co | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 46 | Cobalt, error | Co e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 47 | Iron | Fe | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 48 | Iron, error | Fe e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 49 | Manganese | Mn | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 50 | Manganese, error | Mn e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 51 | Chromium | Cr | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 52 | Chromium, error | Cr e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 53 | Vanadium | V | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 54 | Vanadium, error | V e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 55 | Titanium | Ti | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 56 | Titanium, error | Ti e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 57 | Cerium | Ce | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 58 | Cerium, error | Ce e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 59 | Barium | Ba | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 60 | Barium, error | Ba e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 61 | Calcium | Ca | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 62 | Calcium, error | Ca e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 63 | Potassium | K | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 64 | Potassium, error | K e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 65 | Chlorine | Cl | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 66 | Chlorine, error | Cl e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 67 | Sulfur | S | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 68 | Sulfur, error | S e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 69 | Phosphorus | P | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 70 | Phosphorus, error | P e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 71 | Silicon | Si | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 72 | Silicon, error | Si e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 73 | Aluminium | Al | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 74 | Aluminium, error | Al e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 75 | Magnesium | Mg | mg/kg | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ | |
| 76 | Magnesium, error | Mg e | ± | Starke, Joris | portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., NITON XL3t-900 GOLDD+ |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
21900 data points
Download Data
View dataset as HTML (shows only first 2000 rows)