Citation:

PANGAEA.983040

Name: Sedimentation velocity of morphologically diverse macrophytes and plastic particles
Published: 2025-11-14
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: drift; macrophytes; sedimentation

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Published: 2025-11-14 • DOI registered: 2025-12-11

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Abstract:

The dataset contains sedimentation velocity measurements for 22 morphologically diverse macroalgae species (n = 49), the seagrass Zostera marina (n = 3), and plastic particles of four distinct shapes (n = 16). Each sample was measured at least five times, with some measured up to seven times. Detailed morphological descriptions and images are available in the corresponding paper. Samples with a SampleID starting with "K" were collected in January 2023 from the Kiel Fjord, Germany (between Strande and Bülk light house, 54°26'57.4N 10°11'37.6E). U. gigantea was collected in June 2024 in Yerseke, Netherlands (51°30'09.0N, 4°02'39.7E). All other samples were collected in June 2024 at the same site from the Kiel Fjord as in 2023, as well as two additional locations (Schilksee, 54°25'16.3N 10°10'43.1E and Mönkeberg, 54°21'20.92N 10°10'41.97E). Sedimentation velocity measurements were conducted in plastic cylinders, allowing particles to sink 15 cm to reach their terminal sinking velocity before starting the measurements. The sinking time was recorded using a stopwatch, and sedimentation velocity was calculated by dividing the sinking distance by the elapsed time. Test with varying cylinder heights showed no significant differences in results.

Macrophyte species measured: Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus serratus, Saccharina latissima, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Ceramium virgatum, Vertebrata fucoides, Polysiphonia stricta, Spermothamnion repens, Ahnfeltia plicata, Furcellaria lumbricalis, Coccotylus truncatus, Delesseria sanguinea, Cladophora flexuosa, Cladophora sp., Rhodomela confervoides, Pyropia leucosticta, Ulva clathrata, Ulva linza, Kornmannia leptoderma, Bryopsis hypnoides, Acrosiphonia centralis, Ulva gigantea, and Zostera marina.

The plastic particles include eight circular pieces of foil (disks), three table tennis balls, two plastic nets, and three rubber bands. The foil disks were cut to different diameters and some were punched with different numbers of small holes. The name of the foil circles indicates both their diameter and perforation level. For example, "Disk 40-1" had a diameter of 40 mm and was unpunched, where "1" denotes unpunched, "2" partially punched, and "3" heavily punched, "4" extremely heavily punched. The three tennis balls shared identical dimensions but had different mass densities due to the different level of replacement of air with seawater and glass beads in the tennis ball.

Keyword(s):

drift; macrophytes; sedimentation

Supplement to:

Gronwald, Friederike; Weinberger, Florian; Bouma, Tjeerd J; Karez, Rolf (2025): Sedimentation and drag in drifting macrophytes and plastic objects: a model. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 43088, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28893-8

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 52.974638 * Median Longitude: 7.313385 * South-bound Latitude: 51.500000 * West-bound Longitude: 4.433000 * North-bound Latitude: 54.449277 * East-bound Longitude: 10.193770

Date/Time Start: 2023-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2024-06-01T00:00:00

Event(s):

Kiel-Sampling-site * Latitude: 54.449277 * Longitude: 10.193770 * Date/Time Start: 2023-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-01-31T00:00:00

Yerseke-Sampling-site * Latitude: 51.500000 * Longitude: 4.433000 * Date/Time: 2024-06-01T00:00:00

Comment:

Friederike Gronwald and Florian Weinberger contributed equally to this work

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Sample code/label	Sample label		Gronwald, Friederike
2	Species	Species		Gronwald, Friederike
3	Sedimentation velocity	Sed V	m/s	Gronwald, Friederike	1
4	Sedimentation velocity	Sed V	m/s	Gronwald, Friederike	2
5	Sedimentation velocity	Sed V	m/s	Gronwald, Friederike	3
6	Sedimentation velocity	Sed V	m/s	Gronwald, Friederike	4
7	Sedimentation velocity	Sed V	m/s	Gronwald, Friederike	5
8	Sedimentation velocity	Sed V	m/s	Gronwald, Friederike	6
9	Sedimentation velocity	Sed V	m/s	Gronwald, Friederike	7

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

468 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Sample label	2 Species	3 Sed V [m/s] (1)	4 Sed V [m/s] (2)	5 Sed V [m/s] (3)	6 Sed V [m/s] (4)	7 Sed V [m/s] (5)	8 Sed V [m/s] (6)	9 Sed V [m/s] (7)
44-1	Furcellaria lumbricalis	0.05234	0.05419	0.05102	0.05447	0.05078
41-1	Furcellaria lumbricalis	0.04892	0.04726	0.04705	0.05256	0.05482
43-1	Furcellaria lumbricalis	0.04510	0.04548	0.04456	0.04360	0.04638
K8	Furcellaria lumbricalis	0.05699	0.03691	0.04641	0.03957	0.04911	0.04264	0.03618
47-2	Ahnfeltia plicata	0.04216	0.04557	0.04889	0.05673	0.04249
47-1	Ahnfeltia plicata	0.03317	0.03724	0.03305	0.03702	0.03354
K1	Ahnfeltia plicata	0.03333	0.03780	0.03030	0.03188	0.02683	0.03030	0.03264
24-2-1	Coccotylus truncatus	0.02453	0.02412	0.03523	0.03100	0.02669
24-2-2	Coccotylus truncatus	0.02175	0.02729	0.02928	0.02666	0.03157
16-1	Gracilaria vermiculophylla	0.03078	0.02982	0.03025	0.03084	0.03142
49	Gracilaria vermiculophylla	0.02713	0.02937	0.03455	0.02901	0.02685
26-1	Gracilaria vermiculophylla	0.02141	0.02259	0.02046	0.02279	0.02258
49-2	Gracilaria vermiculophylla	0.02209	0.02173	0.02075	0.01797	0.02007
27	Delesseria sanguinea	0.02476	0.02788	0.02652	0.02698	0.03055
27-2-2	Delesseria sanguinea	0.02334	0.02883	0.03065	0.02883	0.02732
26-2	Delesseria sanguinea	0.01843	0.01507	0.01460	0.02250	0.01956
4-1	Rhodomela confervoides	0.02646	0.02249	0.01878	0.01883	0.01619
4-1-2	Rhodomela confervoides	0.01813	0.02157	0.01994	0.02113	0.01777
16-2	Spermothamnion repens	0.01467	0.01598	0.01637	0.01548	0.02046
14	Spermothamnion repens	0.01581	0.01954	0.01744	0.01610	0.01614
K6	Ceramium virgatum	0.01530	0.01558	0.01233	0.01601	0.01937	0.01528	0.02107
7-2	Ceramium virgatum	0.01150	0.01494	0.01222	0.01381	0.01387
8-2	Ceramium virgatum	0.01244	0.01125	0.01358	0.01356	0.01087
6-2	Ceramium virgatum	0.01221	0.01124	0.01188	0.01084	0.01400
39-2	Polysiphonia stricta	0.01770	0.01421	0.01423	0.01090	0.01641
37-2-1	Polysiphonia stricta	0.01458	0.01194	0.01222	0.01175	0.01204
37-2-2	Polysiphonia stricta	0.00834	0.01322	0.01227	0.01226	0.01325
32	Pyropia leucosticta	0.01146	0.01294	0.00916	0.00919	0.01467
K2	Vertebrata fucoides	0.01140	0.01182	0.00986	0.00837	0.01021	0.00968	0.01043
8-1	Ulva linza	0.03767	0.03467	0.03327	0.02986	0.03079
6-1	Ulva linza	0.01187	0.00925	0.01202	0.01431	0.01323
36	Acrosiphonia centralis	0.01953	0.01908	0.01886	0.02231	0.02159
K3	Cladophora sp.	0.02107	0.01874	0.02107	0.01871	0.01752	0.01752	0.01545
10	Ulva gigantea	0.01888	0.01392	0.01844	0.01959	0.01917
1-2	Bryopsis hypnoides	0.01256	0.01493	0.01379	0.01660	0.01499
21-1	Ulva clathrata	0.01055	0.00816	0.01223	0.01018	0.00857
24-1	Ulva clathrata	0.00784	0.00637	0.00757	0.00754	0.00796
34	Cladophora flexuosa	0.00686	0.00951	0.00889	0.01143	0.00688
1-1	Kornmania leptoderma	0.00913	0.00843	0.00896	0.00876	0.00715
4-2	Kornmania leptoderma	0.00803	0.00718	0.00853	0.00700	0.01010
K9B	Saccharina latissima rhizoid	0.07534	0.06358	0.05759	0.05189	0.06627	0.06918	0.06918
K9A	Saccharina latissima phylloid	0.01716	0.02007	0.01735	0.01735	0.02060	0.01190	0.02981
12	Fucus serratus	0.05471	0.02802	0.04466	0.04037	0.02984
K5	Fucus serratus	0.04167	0.03081	0.03198	0.03264	0.03198	0.03333	0.03198
9	Fucus serratus	0.03378	0.02659	0.02098	0.02620	0.04005
54	Fucus vesiculosus	0.02388	0.02528	0.02514	0.02769	0.02258
K7	Zostera marina leaf	0.01322	0.01545	0.01774	0.02489	0.01517	0.01486	0.01700
40-1	Zostera marina leaf	0.01357	0.01437	0.01290	0.01237	0.01326
40-2	Zostera marina leaf	0.01026	0.00993	0.00978	0.01050	0.01218
40-1	Disc	2.23384	2.44962	2.58431	1.95507	2.04229
59-1	Disc	1.89008	1.73134	1.73988	1.91161	2.06261
59-2	Disc	0.20189	1.88503	2.11966	3.01282	3.96959
70-1	Disc	2.11966	2.31908	1.82927	2.53233	2.04111
70-2	Disc	1.70455	1.87201	0.20189	1.46875	4.62598
70-3	Disc	3.08669	0.34058	0.69802	0.57598	6.10919
84-1	Disc	2.01774	2.13249	1.76338	1.64874	6.60112
84-4	Disc	2.47022	0.20247	3.94295	4.10361	2.35314
1	Ball	9.73757	1.01585	9.20366	9.55285	9.90169
2	Ball	16.39535	15.73661	1.65493	17.02899	15.39301
3	Ball	25.54348	25.72993	22.45223	27.32558	25.72993
	Net-large	5.12355	0.00005	4.68127	0.50071	4.84869
	Net-small	6.28342	6.01536	5.69467	6.10919	6.14111
	Rubberband-small	7.71335	7.43671	7.35908	8.23598	7.71335
	Rubberband-medium	7.76432	7.93919	7.40546	8.01136	7.76432
	Rubberband-large	7.90359	7.59698	9.76454	7.83333	7.83333