Citation:

PANGAEA.982519

Name: Marine and terrestrial biomarkers in the Western Mediterranean during the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition
Published: 2025-05-27
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Algero-Balearic basin; alkenone SST; Biomarkers; Coccolithophores; marine biomarkers; Oxygen isotopes; terrestrial biomarkers

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Published: 2025-05-27 • DOI registered: 2025-06-26

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Abstract:

Marine and terrestrial biomarkers analyses have been carried out on sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Site 975 in the Algero-Balearic basin (38°53.8′ N, 4°30.6′ E), through late marine isotope stage (MIS) 20-19 (from 800 to 756 thousand years ago). Marine and terrestrial biomarkers have been processed at the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (Portugal). The patterns of C37 alkenone concentration and NAR provided reliable information on past paleoproductivity changes. The Alkanol Preservation Index (API) obtained by the relative proportion of n-hexacosan-1-ol (C26OH) to the sum of C26OH plus n-nonacosane (C29) [API = C26OH/(C26OH + C29)], was used as a proxy of sea bottom ventilation in the basin. Sea surface temperature (SST) was estimated calculating the alkenone Uk'37 index that is based on the di- and tri-unsaturated alkenone ratio [(C37:2)/(C37:2 + C37:3)] and converted into temperature values using the global core top calibration of annual SST [Uk'37 = (0.033*SST) + 0.044], with a methodology uncertainty of ±0.5 ◦C. Tetra-unsaturated compound (C37:4) was considered as an indicator of lower temperature and low salinity waters and linked to polar and subpolar water influx into the Western Mediterranean.

Keyword(s):

Algero-Balearic basin; alkenone SST; Biomarkers; Coccolithophores; marine biomarkers; Oxygen isotopes; terrestrial biomarkers

Related to:

Marino, Maria; Rodrigues, Teresa; Quivelli, Ornella; Girone, Angela; Maiorano, Patrizia; Bassinot, Franck (2022): Paleoproductivity proxies and alkenone precursors in the Western Mediterranean during the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 601, 111104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111104

Project(s):

Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)

Coverage:

Latitude: 38.896633 * Longitude: 4.509883

Date/Time Start: 1995-05-14T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1995-08-19T00:00:00

Minimum Elevation: -2415.8 m * Maximum Elevation: -2415.8 m

Event(s):

161-975 * Latitude: 38.896633 * Longitude: 4.509883 * Date/Time Start: 1995-05-14T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1995-08-19T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2415.8 m * Penetration: 790.2 m * Recovery: 773.6 m * Location: Western Basin * Campaign: * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * Comment: 85 cores; 790.2 m cored; 0 m drilled; 97.9% recovery

Comment:

This dataset was funded by a Geoscience PhD scholarship from University of Bari, Italy.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Depth, composite	Depth comp	mcd		Compensed depth
2	Alkenone, C37:4	C37:4	%	Rodrigues, Teresa
3	Alkenone, C37:3	C37:3	%	Rodrigues, Teresa
4	Alkenone, C37:2	C37:2	%	Rodrigues, Teresa
5	Alkenone, C37:4, per unit sediment mass	C37:4/sed	ng/g	Rodrigues, Teresa
6	Alkenone, C37:3, per unit sediment mass	C37:3/sed	ng/g	Rodrigues, Teresa
7	Alkenone, C37:2, per unit sediment mass	C37:2/sed	ng/g	Rodrigues, Teresa
8	Alkenones	Alk	ng/g	Rodrigues, Teresa	Total alkenones concentration
9	Alkanol preservation index	API		Rodrigues, Teresa
10	Sea surface temperature	SST	°C	Rodrigues, Teresa

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1389 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Depth comp [mcd]	2 C37:4 [%]	3 C37:3 [%]	4 C37:2 [%]	5 C37:4/sed [ng/g]	6 C37:3/sed [ng/g]	7 C37:2/sed [ng/g]	8 Alk [ng/g]	9 API	10 SST [°C]
62.97	2.24340	51.4308	46.3258	1.18037	27.0604	24.37439	52.61511	0.52555	13.0270
63.00	2.79261	57.2007	40.0067	0.88000	18.1100	12.67000	31.66359	0.53339	11.1382
63.03	0.00000	57.1864	42.8136	0.00000	18.4995	13.84998	32.34951	0.52695	11.6405
63.06	0.00000	49.9752	50.0248	0.00000	9.1610	9.17013	18.33117	0.51552	13.8257
63.09	0.00000	51.4205	48.5795	0.00000	4.5178	4.26819	8.78599	0.49605	13.3877
63.12	0.00000	43.8609	56.1391	0.00000	6.2264	7.96936	14.19575	0.50565	15.6785
63.15	0.00000	34.0788	65.9212	0.00000	1.4068	2.72124	4.12803	0.50405	18.6428
63.18	0.00000	38.1904	61.8096	0.00000	5.7925	9.37498	15.16751	0.48817	17.3969
63.21	0.00000	50.8180	49.1820	0.00000	2.1592	2.08964	4.24880	0.46913	13.5703
63.24	0.00000	67.3524	32.6476	0.00000	5.5874	2.70837	8.29580	0.48612	8.5599
63.30	0.00000	63.0533	36.9467	0.00000	1.5540	0.91061	2.46466	0.45533	9.8626
63.33	0.00000	51.0774	48.9226	0.00000	3.8454	3.68318	7.52860	0.49958	13.4917
63.36	0.00000	36.0618	63.9382	0.00000	0.8686	1.54001	2.40859	0.49684	18.0419
63.39	0.00000	38.2661	61.7339	0.00000	3.5780	5.77225	9.35021	0.49970	17.3739
63.42	0.00000	35.9317	64.0683	0.00000	2.8917	5.15599	8.04764	0.48592	18.0813
63.45	0.00000	39.9379	60.0621	0.00000	2.9198	4.39104	7.31083	0.56966	16.8673
63.48	0.00000	36.5546	63.4454	0.00000	0.4851	0.84189	1.32695	0.55897	17.8925
63.51	0.00000	35.2463	64.7537	0.00000	7.0019	12.86365	19.86552	0.51717	18.2890
63.54	0.00000	39.3672	60.6328	0.00000	3.1166	4.80012	7.91670	0.46492	17.0402
63.57	0.69091	47.8843	51.4248	0.17264	11.9653	12.84995	24.98785	0.47425	14.3584
63.60	0.00000	54.7576	45.2424	0.00000	7.0243	5.80366	12.82792	0.41488	12.3765
63.63	2.20235	57.2994	40.4983	0.23095	6.0086	4.24682	10.48641	0.47651	11.2152
63.66	0.00000	48.0229	51.9771	0.00000	8.0865	8.75234	16.83882	0.46489	14.4173
63.69	1.55033	51.4170	47.0326	0.32681	10.8386	9.91435	21.07972	0.48680	13.1434
63.72	0.00000	38.2255	61.7745	0.00000	5.9019	9.53773	15.43960	0.49527	17.3862
63.75	0.00000	38.3558	61.6442	0.00000	4.1660	6.69548	10.86151	0.54038	17.3467
63.78	0.00000	43.2533	56.7467	0.00000	2.2573	2.96149	5.21879	0.49066	15.8626
63.81	0.00000	34.7074	65.2926	0.00000	3.0005	5.64469	8.64521	0.49038	18.4523
63.84	0.00000	36.8378	63.1622	0.00000	2.1408	3.67058	5.81135	0.44695	17.8067
63.87	0.00000	35.2645	64.7355	0.00000	2.2052	4.04811	6.25331	0.49001	18.2835
63.90	0.00000	39.5811	60.4189	0.00000	1.2808	1.95510	3.23590	0.44087	16.9754
63.93	0.00000	45.2495	54.7505	0.00000	1.2697	1.53631	2.80601	0.52312	15.2577
63.96	0.00000	40.4610	59.5390	0.00000	0.8824	1.29846	2.18086	0.45785	16.7088
63.99	0.00000	37.6416	62.3584	0.00000	2.1781	3.60836	5.78649	0.51011	17.5631
64.02	0.00000	39.9140	60.0860	0.00000	3.8652	5.81858	9.68374	0.47495	16.8746
64.03	0.00000	44.8011	55.1989	0.00000	0.9984	1.23014	2.22857	0.49136	15.3936
64.06	0.00000	33.8729	66.1271	0.00000	4.4281	8.64462	13.07273	0.50054	18.7052
64.09	0.00000	41.1803	58.8197	0.00000	1.6844	2.40589	4.09028	0.50649	16.4908
64.12	0.00000	35.1239	64.8761	0.00000	4.5021	8.31563	12.81770	0.43874	18.3261
64.15	0.00000	46.2043	53.7957	0.00000	1.6070	1.87099	3.47797	0.46166	14.9684
64.30	0.00000	38.5012	61.4988	0.00000	1.6034	2.56108	4.16444	0.46519	17.3027
64.33	0.00000	24.4883	75.5117	0.00000	2.4207	7.46453	9.88527	0.46997	21.5490
64.36	0.00000	32.9025	67.0975	0.00000	3.7812	7.71097	11.49218	0.50627	18.9993
64.39	0.00000	31.5916	68.4084	0.00000	3.5626	7.71455	11.27720	0.42691	19.3965
64.42	0.00000	24.7633	75.2367	0.00000	2.0258	6.15488	8.18068		21.4657
64.45	0.00000	26.3938	73.6062	0.00000	3.2499	9.06312	12.31297	0.47478	20.9716
64.50	0.00000	26.3412	73.6588	0.00000	1.5544	4.34658	5.90097	0.55492	20.9875
64.52	0.00000	26.2076	73.7924	0.00000	1.8510	5.21190	7.06293	0.55290	21.0280
64.54	0.00000	29.8408	70.1592	0.00000	3.5923	8.44588	12.03815	0.51868	19.9270
64.56	0.00000	29.3054	70.6946	0.00000	2.9797	7.18796	10.16762	0.51520	20.0893
64.58	0.00000	28.6516	71.3484	0.00000	2.7339	6.80804	9.54196	0.48371	20.2874
64.60	0.00000	29.2734	70.7266	0.00000	2.1772	5.26029	7.43750	0.54714	20.0990
64.62	0.00000	22.6045	77.3955	0.00000	2.0812	7.12587	9.20709	0.48903	22.1198
64.64	0.00000	26.5877	73.4123	0.00000	6.5916	18.20019	24.79175	0.50043	20.9128
64.66	0.00000	26.7543	73.2457	0.00000	13.6901	37.47949	51.16955	0.53549	20.8623
64.68	0.00000	21.6414	78.3586	0.00000	7.5135	27.20473	34.71823	0.52159	22.4117
64.70	0.00000	27.8563	72.1437	0.00000	38.2297	99.00940	137.23910	0.55164	20.5284
64.72	0.00000	30.3977	69.6023	0.00000	80.0953	183.39600	263.49133	0.57156	19.7583
64.74	0.00000	31.0537	68.9463	0.00000	124.6126	276.66843	401.28100	0.62228	19.5595
64.76	0.00000	31.8303	68.1697	0.00000	53.4151	114.39675	167.81184	0.61105	19.3241
64.78	0.00000	32.9964	67.0036	0.00000	20.8712	42.38168	63.25284	0.52452	18.9708
64.80	0.00000	30.0958	69.9042	0.00000	19.6324	45.60060	65.23300	0.54856	19.8498
64.82	0.00000	43.2555	56.7445	0.00000	13.4630	17.66139	31.12442	0.47910	15.8620
64.84	0.00000	30.5827	69.4173	0.00000	34.1789	77.58003	111.75889	0.55347	19.7022
64.88	0.00000	32.1906	67.8094	0.00000	36.5350	76.96077	113.49578	0.51245	19.2150
64.90	0.00000	34.6985	65.3015	0.00000	25.2410	47.50271	72.74367	0.42765	18.4550
64.92	0.00000	37.7244	62.2756	0.00000	26.6849	44.05154	70.73643	0.51911	17.5381
64.94	0.00000	36.9948	63.0052	0.00000	29.7261	50.62584	80.35189	0.53784	17.7591
64.96	0.00000	45.6800	54.3200	0.00000	13.8756	16.50004	30.37562	0.50147	15.1273
64.98	0.00000	50.9026	49.0974	0.00000	7.3783	7.11665	14.49496	0.48150	13.5447
65.00	0.00000	46.4709	53.5291	0.00000	17.8590	20.57149	38.43047	0.52729	14.8876
65.02	0.00000	51.6697	48.3303	0.00000	11.8339	11.06902	22.90288	0.45670	13.3122
65.04	0.00000	44.1943	55.8057	0.00000	20.4662	25.84338	46.30954	0.51343	15.5775
65.06	0.00000	52.9676	47.0324	0.00000	16.0850	14.28256	30.36752	0.49444	12.9189
65.08	0.00000	46.4783	53.5217	0.00000	31.6685	36.46755	68.13602	0.51471	14.8854
65.10	0.00000	57.4651	42.5349	0.00000	13.8647	10.26247	24.12720	0.46906	11.5560
65.12	0.00000	58.2193	41.7807	0.00000	12.5766	9.02551	21.60211	0.47535	11.3275
65.14	0.48854	60.6741	38.8374	0.11699	14.5297	9.30043	23.94710	0.46618	10.4934
65.16	1.69459	60.0353	38.2701	0.35895	12.7167	8.10640	21.18208	0.46901	10.4636
65.18	0.00000	60.3654	39.6346	0.00000	12.4310	8.16192	20.59289	0.46033	10.6772
65.20	1.61795	63.1972	35.1849	0.46577	18.1928	10.12879	28.78736	0.44543	9.5041
65.22	0.00000	60.8456	39.1544	0.00000	11.2538	7.24185	18.49564	0.45210	10.5316
65.24	1.18953	64.2759	34.5346	0.36639	19.7978	10.63709	30.80126	0.45059	9.2577
65.26	0.00000	58.8765	41.1235	0.00000	10.5778	7.38826	17.96603	0.46480	11.1283
65.28	1.88452	66.5721	31.5434	0.71189	25.1480	11.91569	37.77554	0.40490	8.4089
65.30	2.03662	65.5614	32.4020	0.77912	25.0809	12.39555	38.25553	0.40767	8.6896
65.32	1.22132	66.0368	32.7419	0.30849	16.6802	8.27028	25.25899	0.45353	8.7111
65.34	0.00000	68.9479	31.0521	0.00000	12.8619	5.79261	18.65451	0.45500	8.0764
65.36	1.99038	66.9577	31.0519	0.65201	21.9341	10.17201	32.75813	0.47234	8.2674
65.38	5.65136	66.0010	28.3477	4.13602	48.3036	20.74659	73.18621	0.49966	7.7714
65.40	2.58092	66.7925	30.6266	1.32073	34.1797	15.67254	51.17301	0.51858	8.1933
65.42	2.75359	66.3007	30.9457	1.46532	35.2818	16.46772	53.21481	0.52122	8.3097
65.44	4.03364	67.6350	28.3314	3.12697	52.4321	21.96312	77.52222	0.54463	7.6128
65.46	0.00000	63.4797	36.5203	0.00000	18.1234	10.42653	28.54994	0.55087	9.7334
65.48	3.04707	68.6220	28.3309	1.37803	31.0342	12.81262	45.22484	0.53352	7.5216
65.50	0.00000	68.2489	31.7511	0.00000	22.1207	10.29109	32.41176	0.54518	8.2882
65.52	4.51194	67.4353	28.0527	1.42243	21.2596	8.84389	31.52597	0.52367	7.5692
65.54	0.00000	65.8991	34.1009	0.00000	23.8944	12.36468	36.25909	0.51222	9.0003
65.56	3.43700	66.1654	30.3976	1.55498	29.9347	13.75259	45.24228	0.49948	8.2059
65.58	0.00000	63.2239	36.7761	0.00000	21.9852	12.78834	34.77350	0.46980	9.8109
65.60	1.31882	63.7790	34.9022	0.64431	31.1591	17.05144	48.85488	0.48179	9.3844
65.62	0.00000	67.1980	32.8020	0.00000	21.6654	10.57575	32.24115	0.50194	8.6067
65.64	4.02937	64.2191	31.7516	1.23415	19.6696	9.72517	30.62894	0.49886	8.6923
65.66	4.03978	55.9365	40.0237	0.99919	13.8352	9.89940	24.73382	0.50107	11.3057
65.68	1.00643	62.3419	36.6516	0.39444	24.4331	14.36455	39.19212	0.45444	9.8861
65.70	0.00000	57.7754	42.2246	0.00000	9.2156	6.73514	15.95073	0.47155	11.4620
65.74	0.00000	59.5257	40.4743	0.00000	8.2409	5.60339	13.84431	0.49746	10.9316
65.76	0.00000	54.6470	45.3530	0.00000	4.8419	4.01844	8.86036	0.50175	12.4100
65.78	0.00000	60.8103	39.1897	0.00000	5.5077	3.54945	9.05711	0.49426	10.5423
65.80	0.00000	53.5127	46.4873	0.00000	6.1917	5.37886	11.57061	0.42188	12.7537
65.82	0.00000	64.2828	35.7172	1.01748	10.6545	5.91994	16.57445	0.45439	9.4901
65.84	0.00000	58.0765	41.9235	0.00000	6.0037	4.33390	10.33764	0.40839	11.3708
65.86	0.00000	58.2105	41.7895	0.00000	6.9128	4.96271	11.87548	0.49608	11.3302
65.88	0.00000	58.0765	41.9235	0.00000	5.9796	4.31650	10.29612	0.40839	11.3708
65.90	0.00000	56.1669	43.8331	0.00000	6.9629	5.43388	12.39677	0.37537	11.9494
65.92	0.00000	57.1674	42.8326	0.00000	8.2408	6.17439	14.41518	0.36770	11.6462
65.94	0.00000	55.6107	44.3893	0.00000	6.6671	5.32178	11.98887	0.44801	12.1180
65.96	0.00000	44.8393	55.1607	0.00000	5.6221	6.91628	12.53842	0.50317	15.3820
65.98	0.00000	54.9038	45.0962	0.00000	4.3519	3.57453	7.92645	0.47831	12.3322
66.00	0.00000	54.3980	45.6020	0.00000	4.8496	4.06543	8.91503	0.49429	12.4854
66.02	0.00000	59.8415	40.1585	0.00000	2.6209	1.75884	4.37976	0.50264	10.8359
66.04	0.00000	57.8245	42.1755	0.00000	3.3197	2.42129	5.74098	0.53887	11.4471
66.06	0.00000	54.9149	45.0851	0.00000	2.7205	2.23352	4.95402	0.44733	12.3288
66.08	0.00000	55.9657	44.0343	0.00000	2.6855	2.11299	4.79852	0.51150	12.0104
66.12	0.00000	51.2295	48.7705	0.00000	2.5331	2.41155	4.94468	0.51660	13.4456
66.14	0.00000	51.2647	48.7353	0.00000	3.1400	2.98505	6.12503	0.54874	13.4349
66.16	0.00000	53.6997	46.3003	0.00000	6.1339	5.28871	11.42264	0.52126	12.6971
66.18	0.00000	43.4090	56.5910	0.00000	3.2940	4.29430	7.58832	0.52779	15.8155
66.20	0.00000	47.9423	52.0577	0.00000	6.4535	7.00750	13.46103	0.52522	14.4417
66.22	0.00000	47.1459	52.8541	0.00000	3.3207	3.72271	7.04337	0.48743	14.6831
66.24	0.00000	38.0264	61.9736	0.00000	5.8411	9.51953	15.36063	0.51626	17.4465
66.26	0.00000	41.4855	58.5145	0.00000	3.2859	4.63470	7.92060	0.51716	16.3983
66.28	0.00000	41.4490	58.5510	0.00000	3.0577	4.31928	7.37695	0.43261	16.4094
66.30	0.00000	41.6955	58.3045	0.00000	3.4703	4.85262	8.32290	0.50807	16.3347
66.32	0.00000	44.2455	55.7545	0.00000	3.9497	4.97713	8.92688	0.48208	15.5620
66.36	0.00000	54.0580	45.9420	0.00000	4.0962	3.48120	7.57737	0.51671	12.5885
66.40	0.00000	42.5194	57.4806	0.00000	3.2002	4.32627	7.52649	0.49828	16.0850
66.44	0.00000	41.7923	58.2077	0.00000	3.0567	4.25737	7.31411	0.51839	16.3054
66.48	0.00000	55.2902	44.7098	0.00000	4.0579	3.28137	7.33925	0.50602	12.2151