Wei Ziran zwei12@lsu.edu Louisiana State University https://ror.org/05ect4e57 Maiti Kanchan kmaiti@lsu.edu Louisiana State University https://ror.org/05ect4e57 He Songjie she5@lsu.edu Louisiana State University https://ror.org/05ect4e57 Sharuga Stephanie stephanie.sharuga@boem.gov Bureau of Ocean Energy Management https://ror.org/03tzscr25 2026 Nilaoba12345/BOEM: Global Database for Naturally Occurring Radionuclides associated with offshore Oil and Gas Production dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.982494 2026-01-23T12:29:41 This study compiles a comprehensive dataset on the occurrence, distribution, and potential impacts of Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radionuclides (TENORMs) near offshore oil and gas platforms. It encompasses data derived from various environmental matrices, including activities (Bq/l) and exposure levels (Msv), with particular emphasis on petroleum products and waste, such as produced water, scales, and sludges. The dataset aims to contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of TENORMs in marine environments, as well as inform future radiological safety norms, contribute to the formulation of regulatory policies, and facilitate the design of mitigation strategies. The information, covering literature and datasets spanning five continents over the past 70 years, has been organized to enable intuitive inquiries, making it a useful resource for policymakers and academics. 1997 Radionuclides, Metals, and Hydrocarbons in Oil and Gas Operational Discharges and Environmental Samples Associated with Offshore Production Facilities on the Texas/Louisiana Continental Shelf with an Environmental Assessment of Metals and Hydrocarbons report Continental Shelf Associates, Jun. 1997 https://doi.org/10.2172/641011 1999 Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials book National Research Council (US) Committee on Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. https://doi.org/10.17226/6360 6360 Ali Mohsen M M 0000-0002-5981-010X Zhao Hongtao Li Zhongyu Maglas Najeeb N M 2019 Concentrations of TENORMs in the petroleum industry and their environmental and health effects journal article RSC Advances 9(67) https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA06086C 39201-39229 Attallah M F Hamed Mostafa M El Afifi E M Aly H F 2015 Removal of 226 Ra and 228 Ra from TENORM sludge waste using surfactants solutions journal article Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 139 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.09.009 78-84 Bohne-Kjersem Anneli Bache Nicolai Meier Sonnich Nyhammer Gunnar Roepstorff Peter Sæle Øystein Goksøyr Anders Grøsvik Bjørn Einar 2010 Biomarker candidate discovery in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) continuously exposed to North Sea produced water from egg to fry journal article Aquatic Toxicology 96(4) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.11.005 280-289 Eriksen Øistein Eriksen Sidhu R Strålberg E Iden K I Hylland Ketil Ruus A Røyset O Berntssen M H G 0000-0001-9304-2282 Rye H 2006 Radionuclides in produced water from Norwegian oil and gas installations - Concentrations and bioavailability journal article 56(1) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10582-006-1055-9 D43-D48 Grung Merete Ruus Anders 0000-0002-4374-7871 Holth Tor Fredrik Sidhu Rajdeep Singh Eriksen Øistein Eriksen Hylland Ketil 2009 Bioaccumulation and lack of oxidative stress response in the ragworm H. diversicolor following exposure to 226Ra in sediment journal article Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 100(5) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.03.001 429-434 Hart Alan D Graham Bruce D Gettleson David A 1995 SPE Health, Safety, Security, Environment, & Social Responsibility Conference-North America report SPE/EPA Exploration and Production Environmental Conference, Houston, Texas, March 1995. SPE-29727-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/29727-MS Heaton B Lambley J 1995 TENORM in the oil, gas and mineral mining industry journal article Applied Radiation and Isotopes 46(6-7) https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-8043(95)00094-1 577-581 Jensen Louise Kiel Halvorsen Elisabeth elisabeth.halvorsen@uit.no 0000-0002-7636-843X Song You Hallanger Ingeborg G ihallanger@gmail.com 0000-0002-9476-4401 Hansen Elisabeth Lindbo Brooks Steven J Hansen Bjørn Henrik Tollefsen Knut Erik 2016 Individual and molecular level effects of produced water contaminants on nauplii and adult females of Calanus finmarchicus journal article Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues 79(13-15) https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2016.1171988 585-601 Jonkers G Hartog F A Knaepen W A I 1997 Characterisation of NORM in the oil and gas production (E&P) industry Proc. of NORM https://download.pangaea.de/reference/133344/attachments/Jonkers-etal_1997.pdf Koppel Darren J 0000-0001-7534-237X Kho Fenny 0000-0001-5443-2720 Hastings Astley Crouch Dean MacIntosh Amy Cresswell Tom Higgins Stuart 2022 Current understanding and research needs for ecological risk assessments of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in subsea oil and gas pipelines journal article Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 241 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106774 106774 Landsberger S Brabec C Canion B Hashem J Lu C Millsap D George G 2013 Determination of 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb in NORM products from oil and gas exploration: Problems in activity underestimation due to the presence of metals and self-absorption of photons journal article Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 125 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.012 23-26 MacIntosh Amy Dafforn Katherine 0000-0001-8848-377X Penrose Beth 0000-0001-9604-4953 Chariton Anthony 0000-0002-5809-3372 Cresswell Tom 2022 Ecotoxicological effects of decommissioning offshore petroleum infrastructure: A systematic review journal article Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 52(18) https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2021.1917949 3283-3321 Moher David Liberati Alessandro Tetzlaff Jennifer Altman Douglas G The PRISMA Group 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement journal article PLoS Medicine 6(7) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 e1000097 Olsvik Pål A Berntssen M H G 0000-0001-9304-2282 Hylland Ketil Eriksen Dag Ø Holen Elisabeth 2012 Low impact of exposure to environmentally relevant doses of 226Ra in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryonic cells journal article Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 109 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.02.003 84-93 Paranhos Gazineu Maria Helena de Araújo Andressa Arruda Brandão Yana Batista Hazin Clovis Abrahão de O. Godoy José Marcos 2005 Radioactivity concentration in liquid and solid phases of scale and sludge generated in the petroleum industry journal article Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 81(1) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.11.003 47-54 Rosendal Valeur Jens 2011 Environmental Impacts of NORM Disposal - With Emphasis on Discharges to Sea report SPE Proj Fac & Const, SPE-136312-PA 6(03) https://doi.org/10.2118/136312-PA 124-131 Smith A L 1987 Radioactive-Scale Formation journal article Journal of Petroleum Technology 39(06) https://doi.org/10.2118/14589-PA 697-706 Sohrabi Mehdi 1997 ''Low dose'' and/or ''high dose'' in radiation protection: A need to setting criteria for dose classification report https://download.pangaea.de/reference/133352/attachments/Sohrabi_1997.pdf Taylor Windle 1993 NORM In Produced Water Discharges in the Coastal Waters of Texas report SPE/EPA Exploration and Production Environmental Conference, San Antonio, Texas, March 1993. SPE-25941-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/25941-MS 1015.6 CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This dataset has been carefully reviewed and curated in accordance with PANGAEA's exceptionally high quality standards. However, due to discontinued communication from the authors' side, it did not receive the usual formal approval by the authors and therefore lacks final scientific validation. CurationLevelC Enhanced curation https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels citable author100842 author110856 author110857 author110858 author110859 author110860 author110861 author110862 author110863 author110864 author110865 author110866 author110867 author110868 author110869 author110870 author110871 author110872 author110873 author110874 author110875 author110876 author110877 author110878 author110879 author110880 author110881 author110882 author110883 author110884 author110885 author110886 author110887 author110888 author110889 author110890 author110891 author110892 author110893 author110894 author110895 author110896 author110897 author110898 author110899 author110900 author110901 author110902 author110903 author110904 author110905 author110906 author110907 author110908 author110909 author110910 author110911 author110912 author110913 author110914 author110915 author110916 author110917 author110918 author110919 author110920 author110921 author110922 author110923 author110924 author110925 author110926 author110927 author110928 author110929 author110930 author110931 author110932 author45137 author45139 author46945 author63263 author90350 curlevel30 inst22069 inst22097 journal10137 journal13005 journal1346 journal1383 journal17008 journal17438 journal4102 journal8654 license21 ref133333 ref133334 ref133335 ref133336 ref133337 ref133338 ref133339 ref133341 ref133342 ref133343 ref133344 ref133345 ref133346 ref133347 ref133348 ref133349 ref133350 ref133351 ref133352 ref133353 ref133354