Citation:

PANGAEA.980746

Name: Major element composition of glass shards from 1458/59 CE cryptotephra in VK22 firn core
Published: 2025-11-03
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Antarctica; Cryptotephra; Ice core; Vostok

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Published: 2025-11-03 • DOI registered: 2025-12-02

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Abstract:

We present the major element compositions (SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, FeO, MgO, CaO, Na₂O, and K₂O) of unpolished micron-sized volcanic glass shards within cryptotephra layers associated with the prominent 1458/59 CE sulfate peak in a shallow firn core (VK22) drilled near the Russian Antarctic Vostok Station in East Antarctica. The measurement was performed by a quantitative scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDX) technique using a reverse Monte Carlo simulation combined with a robust successive approximation algorithm, effectively accounting for both matrix and geometric effects and consequently contributing to an accurate determination of characteristic X-ray intensities of specific elements in unpolished glass shards. The results show a bimodal composition of glass shards, corresponding to dacitic and rhyolitic types.

Keyword(s):

Antarctica; Cryptotephra; Ice core; Vostok

Funding:

Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), grant/award no. PE23905-360-05: Testing hypotheses proposed for forcing mechanisms of the abrupt Younger Dryas onset, ~12,900 years ago, by using chemical proxies in Greenland ice cores

Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), grant/award no. PE25100: Investigating anthropogenic and natural characteristics of atmosphere-ice sheet exchanges using the international deep ice coring network

Russian Science Foundation, grant/award no. 21-17-00246: Climate Variability on the East Antarctic Plateau over the Last 2000 Years

Coverage:

Latitude: -78.470000 * Longitude: 106.840000

Date/Time Start: 2021-12-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2021-12-01T00:00:00

Minimum ORDINAL NUMBER: 1 * Maximum ORDINAL NUMBER: 14

Event(s):

Vostok_VK22 * Latitude: -78.470000 * Longitude: 106.840000 * Date/Time: 2021-12-01T00:00:00 * Elevation: 3490.0 m * Location: Vostok, Antarctica * Method/Device: Ice drill (ICEDRILL)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	ORDINAL NUMBER	Ord No		Ro, Seokhyun		Geocode – Particle No.
2	Particle, diameter	Part diam	µm	Ro, Seokhyun
3	Silicon dioxide	SiO2	%	Ro, Seokhyun	Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)	wt. %
4	Titanium dioxide	TiO2	%	Ro, Seokhyun	Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)	wt. %
5	Aluminium oxide	Al2O3	%	Ro, Seokhyun	Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)	wt. %
6	Iron oxide, FeO	FeO	%	Ro, Seokhyun	Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)	wt. %
7	Magnesium oxide	MgO	%	Ro, Seokhyun	Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)	wt. %
8	Calcium oxide	CaO	%	Ro, Seokhyun	Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)	wt. %
9	Sodium oxide	Na2O	%	Ro, Seokhyun	Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)	wt. %
10	Potassium oxide	K2O	%	Ro, Seokhyun	Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)	wt. %
11	Total	Total	%	Ro, Seokhyun	Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)	wt. %

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

140 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Ord No	2 Part diam [µm]	3 SiO2 [%]	4 TiO2 [%]	5 Al2O3 [%]	6 FeO [%]	7 MgO [%]	8 CaO [%]	9 Na2O [%]	10 K2O [%]	11 Total [%]
1	3.73	64.73	2.17	14.40	6.80	1.47	3.08	4.51	2.83	100
2	4.30	64.74	0.47	16.79	5.05	1.09	5.02	4.50	2.34	100
3	3.77	65.32	0.58	15.16	6.70	1.82	4.30	3.94	2.18	100
4	3.67	65.87	1.17	15.99	4.75	1.38	3.95	4.33	2.54	100
5	5.73	66.06	0.59	15.43	4.85	2.02	4.79	4.18	2.07	100
6	2.31	66.47	1.19	14.76	5.24	1.01	3.05	4.91	3.38	100
7	3.69	66.60	0.70	15.23	4.89	1.59	3.48	5.40	2.12	100
8	4.88	67.64	0.45	15.53	3.65	2.12	4.01	3.86	2.74	100
9	4.86	73.10	0.95	14.17	2.19	0.53	1.97	4.31	2.77	100
10	2.59	73.22	0.51	14.05	1.81	0.59	1.36	5.60	2.86	100
11	4.07	74.13	0.55	13.42	2.87	0.46	0.99	4.83	2.75	100
12	10.70	74.35	0.58	13.81	2.64	0.62	1.45	3.95	2.59	100
13	2.81	74.93	0.00	14.07	1.65	0.32	0.79	5.45	2.79	100
14	3.98	76.34	0.55	13.83	0.89	0.36	0.67	3.93	3.43	100