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Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science

Dubey, Umesh; Willmes, Sascha; Heinemann, Günther (2025): AntLeads: Monthly wintertime sea-ice lead maps for the Antarctic, April-September, 2003–2023 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.977634

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Published: 2025-09-04 • DOI registered: 2025-09-04

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Abstract:
The AntLeads dataset provides data about lead occurrences in Antarctic sea ice during wintertime (Apr-Sep) for the 21-years period of 2003-2023. It includes monthly lead frequencies (LF), i.e. a measure for how often during a month a lead was present at a specific position in the sea ice at a spatial resolution of 1 km². The LF data field is accompanied by a potential absolute Integration Error (pIE), which represents a per-pixel measure of absolute uncertainty for the derived LF value, caused by data gaps due to clouds in the daily data that were used to derive monthly LF maps. The AntLeads dataset provides a basis for investigations into the complex pan-Antarctic interplay between sea ice, ocean and atmosphere. The presented data can help to better estimate and untangle the individual contribution of atmospheric and oceanic forcings on sea-ice lead dynamics in the Southern Ocean.
Keyword(s):
Antarctic; remote sensing; Sea ice; Sea-ice / atmosphere Interactions; sea-ice leads; sea-ice observation
Related to:
Dubey, Umesh; et al. (submitted): A new dataset of Southern Ocean sea-ice leads: First insights into regional lead patterns, seasonality and trends, 2003–2023.
Project(s):
Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas (SPP1158)
Funding:
German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 502024302: Patterns and Drivers of Sea ice dynamics in the Southern Ocean (PADOS)
German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 5472008: Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -64.618180 * Median Longitude: 0.000000 * South-bound Latitude: -90.000000 * West-bound Longitude: -180.000000 * North-bound Latitude: -39.236360 * East-bound Longitude: 180.000000
Date/Time Start: 2003-04-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-09-30T00:00:00
Event(s):
AntNSIDC * Latitude Start: -39.236360 * Longitude Start: -180.000000 * Latitude End: -90.000000 * Longitude End: 180.000000 * Date/Time Start: 2003-04-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-09-30T23:59:59
Comment:
Each file is in NETCDF4 format and contains two fields at 1 km² spatial resolution each: 1) The monthly lead frequency (LF) and 2) the absolute potential Integration Error (pIE). Both fields have applied a scaling factor of s = 1000.
Basic import:
path = 'data_path/'
file = '200907_LF.nc'
fname = path + file
nc = Dataset(fname, 'r', 'netCDF4')
print(nc.description)
meanLF = nc['meanLF'][:]
pIE = nc['potInterpError'][:]
nc.close()
meanLF = meanLF/1000
pIE = pIE/1000
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 DATE/TIMEDate/TimeWillmes, SaschaGeocode
2 netCDF filenetCDFWillmes, Sascha
3 netCDF file (File Size)netCDF (Size)BytesWillmes, Sascha
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Basic curation (CurationLevelB)
Size:
127 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

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1 
Date/Time		2 
netCDF		3 
netCDF (Size) [Bytes]
AntNSIDC_latlonmap_1km.nc147.8 MBytes
2003-04200304_LF.nc14.2 MBytes
2003-05200305_LF.nc21 MBytes
2003-06200306_LF.nc26.2 MBytes
2003-07200307_LF.nc30.6 MBytes
2003-08200308_LF.nc33.2 MBytes
2003-09200309_LF.nc33 MBytes
2004-04200404_LF.nc14.4 MBytes
2004-05200405_LF.nc20.4 MBytes
2004-06200406_LF.nc26.5 MBytes
2004-07200407_LF.nc30.4 MBytes
2004-08200408_LF.nc33 MBytes
2004-09200409_LF.nc33.5 MBytes
2005-04200504_LF.nc14.2 MBytes
2005-05200505_LF.nc20.4 MBytes
2005-06200506_LF.nc26.2 MBytes
2005-07200507_LF.nc30.5 MBytes
2005-08200508_LF.nc33.1 MBytes
2005-09200509_LF.nc33.7 MBytes
2006-04200604_LF.nc12.9 MBytes
2006-05200605_LF.nc19.8 MBytes
2006-06200606_LF.nc25.9 MBytes
2006-07200607_LF.nc30.4 MBytes
2006-08200608_LF.nc32.7 MBytes
2006-09200609_LF.nc34.1 MBytes
2007-04200704_LF.nc13.5 MBytes
2007-05200705_LF.nc19.7 MBytes
2007-06200706_LF.nc25.3 MBytes
2007-07200707_LF.nc29.6 MBytes
2007-08200708_LF.nc32.2 MBytes
2007-09200709_LF.nc33.6 MBytes
2008-04200804_LF.nc15.7 MBytes
2008-05200805_LF.nc21.1 MBytes
2008-06200806_LF.nc26.7 MBytes
2008-07200807_LF.nc30.7 MBytes
2008-08200808_LF.nc32.7 MBytes
2008-09200809_LF.nc33 MBytes
2009-04200904_LF.nc15.4 MBytes
2009-05200905_LF.nc21.2 MBytes
2009-06200906_LF.nc26.4 MBytes
2009-07200907_LF.nc30.5 MBytes
2009-08200908_LF.nc33.6 MBytes
2009-09200909_LF.nc34 MBytes
2010-04201004_LF.nc14 MBytes
2010-05201005_LF.nc21.1 MBytes
2010-06201006_LF.nc27.1 MBytes
2010-07201007_LF.nc30.5 MBytes
2010-08201008_LF.nc33.2 MBytes
2010-09201009_LF.nc33.7 MBytes
2011-04201104_LF.nc13.1 MBytes
2011-05201105_LF.nc20.2 MBytes
2011-06201106_LF.nc25.5 MBytes
2011-07201107_LF.nc29.5 MBytes
2011-08201108_LF.nc31.9 MBytes
2011-09201109_LF.nc33.4 MBytes
2012-04201204_LF.nc18.8 MBytes
2012-05201205_LF.nc25.7 MBytes
2012-06201206_LF.nc31.1 MBytes
2012-07201207_LF.nc30.5 MBytes
2012-08201208_LF.nc33.1 MBytes
2012-09201209_LF.nc33.9 MBytes
2013-04201304_LF.nc15.1 MBytes
2013-05201305_LF.nc21.4 MBytes
2013-06201306_LF.nc27 MBytes
2013-07201307_LF.nc30.8 MBytes
2013-08201308_LF.nc33.7 MBytes
2013-09201309_LF.nc34.7 MBytes
2014-04201404_LF.nc16.1 MBytes
2014-05201405_LF.nc21.9 MBytes
2014-06201406_LF.nc27.7 MBytes
2014-07201407_LF.nc31.6 MBytes
2014-08201408_LF.nc34 MBytes
2014-09201409_LF.nc34.8 MBytes
2015-04201504_LF.nc16.1 MBytes
2015-05201505_LF.nc22.1 MBytes
2015-06201506_LF.nc27.3 MBytes
2015-07201507_LF.nc31.1 MBytes
2015-08201508_LF.nc32.2 MBytes
2015-09201509_LF.nc32.8 MBytes
2016-04201604_LF.nc14.1 MBytes
2016-05201605_LF.nc20 MBytes
2016-06201606_LF.nc25.8 MBytes
2016-07201607_LF.nc30.2 MBytes
2016-08201608_LF.nc32.6 MBytes
2016-09201609_LF.nc32.4 MBytes
2017-04201704_LF.nc11.9 MBytes
2017-05201705_LF.nc18.1 MBytes
2017-06201706_LF.nc24.1 MBytes
2017-07201707_LF.nc28.8 MBytes
2017-08201708_LF.nc31.3 MBytes
2017-09201709_LF.nc31.8 MBytes
2018-04201804_LF.nc12.1 MBytes
2018-05201805_LF.nc18.5 MBytes
2018-06201806_LF.nc24.8 MBytes
2018-07201807_LF.nc29.3 MBytes
2018-08201808_LF.nc31.7 MBytes
2018-09201809_LF.nc31.9 MBytes
2019-04201904_LF.nc11.7 MBytes
2019-05201905_LF.nc17.8 MBytes
2019-06201906_LF.nc23.8 MBytes
2019-07201907_LF.nc29.2 MBytes
2019-08201908_LF.nc31.9 MBytes
2019-09201909_LF.nc32.4 MBytes
2020-04202004_LF.nc13.6 MBytes
2020-05202005_LF.nc19.7 MBytes
2020-06202006_LF.nc25.7 MBytes
2020-07202007_LF.nc29 MBytes
2020-08202008_LF.nc31.7 MBytes
2020-09202009_LF.nc36.5 MBytes
2021-04202104_LF.nc17.5 MBytes
2021-05202105_LF.nc24 MBytes
2021-06202106_LF.nc28.8 MBytes
2021-07202107_LF.nc33.6 MBytes
2021-08202108_LF.nc35.7 MBytes
2021-09202109_LF.nc35.4 MBytes
2022-04202204_LF.nc15.6 MBytes
2022-05202205_LF.nc23.5 MBytes
2022-06202206_LF.nc28.4 MBytes
2022-07202207_LF.nc32.3 MBytes
2022-08202208_LF.nc32.1 MBytes
2022-09202209_LF.nc32.1 MBytes
2023-04202304_LF.nc15.1 MBytes
2023-05202305_LF.nc21.1 MBytes
2023-06202306_LF.nc27.1 MBytes
2023-07202307_LF.nc28.8 MBytes
2023-08202308_LF.nc32.7 MBytes
2023-09202309_LF.nc32.9 MBytes