Excess particulate organic matter negatively affects the ecophysiology of the widespread soft coral Xenia umbellata
type: Dataset
creator: Claudia E L Hill
creator: Julia Rücker
  type: Person
  family name: Rücker
  given name: Julia
  affiliation: University of Bremen
creator: Selma D Mezger
creator: Christian Wild
creator: Arjen Tilstra
date published: 2025-02-10
additional type: dataset bundled publication
description: Coastal coral reefs are experiencing rising concentrations of organic matter. While dissolved organic matter (DOM), rather than particulate organic matter (POM), may negatively impact hard corals, the impact on soft corals remains unclear. We examined the physiological effect of 20 mg L-1 of organic carbon (C) addition on the widespread Indo-Pacific soft coral Xenia umbellata in a series of tank experiments over 28 days. We supplied DOM as glucose, and two POM sources as phytoplankton (2 - 5 µm length) and zooplankton (150 – 200 µm length). We comparatively assessed coral morphology, pulsation, colouration, algal symbiont densities, chlorophyll a, oxygen fluxes, and mortality. Corals in the control and DOM enrichment treatments exhibited no morphological or physiological changes, whereas, excess phyto- and zooplankton caused disfigurement of the polyp tentacles and shortening of its pinnules. This coincided with a mortality of 11 and 14%, respectively, a 35% reduction in pulsation rates, and darkening of the polyps (with excess zooplankton), while other assessed response variables remained stable. This suggests that in contrast to many hard corals, the soft coral X. umbellata is vulnerable to excess POM rather than DOM, with amplified effects upon exposure to larger particles. Our results suggest that excess POM may damage the delicate feeding apparatus of X. umbellata, thereby reducing pulsation and lowering gas exchange. In turn, this can cause nutritional, and ultimately, energy deficiencies by directly affecting heterotrophic and autotrophic feeding. Our findings indicate that the global-change-resilient soft coral X. umbellata is vulnerable to local eutrophication, particularly high concentrations of POM. Xenia umbellata originates from the Red Sea.
abstract: Coastal coral reefs are experiencing rising concentrations of organic matter. While dissolved organic matter (DOM), rather than particulate organic matter (POM), may negatively impact hard corals, the impact on soft corals remains unclear. We examined the physiological effect of 20 mg L-1 of organic carbon (C) addition on the widespread Indo-Pacific soft coral Xenia umbellata in a series of tank experiments over 28 days. We supplied DOM as glucose, and two POM sources as phytoplankton (2 - 5 µm length) and zooplankton (150 – 200 µm length). We comparatively assessed coral morphology, pulsation, colouration, algal symbiont densities, chlorophyll a, oxygen fluxes, and mortality. Corals in the control and DOM enrichment treatments exhibited no morphological or physiological changes, whereas, excess phyto- and zooplankton caused disfigurement of the polyp tentacles and shortening of its pinnules. This coincided with a mortality of 11 and 14%, respectively, a 35% reduction in pulsation rates, and darkening of the polyps (with excess zooplankton), while other assessed response variables remained stable. This suggests that in contrast to many hard corals, the soft coral X. umbellata is vulnerable to excess POM rather than DOM, with amplified effects upon exposure to larger particles. Our results suggest that excess POM may damage the delicate feeding apparatus of X. umbellata, thereby reducing pulsation and lowering gas exchange. In turn, this can cause nutritional, and ultimately, energy deficiencies by directly affecting heterotrophic and autotrophic feeding. Our findings indicate that the global-change-resilient soft coral X. umbellata is vulnerable to local eutrophication, particularly high concentrations of POM. Xenia umbellata originates from the Red Sea.
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keywords: Laboratory experiment
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
conditions of access: unrestricted
is accessible for free: true
language: en

Claudia E L Hill
type: Person
family name: Hill
given name: Claudia E L
affiliation: University of Bremen

University of Bremen
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alternate name: Uni Bremen

Selma D Mezger
type: Person
family name: Mezger
given name: Selma D
affiliation: University of Bremen

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
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alternate name: KAUST

Christian Wild
type: Person
family name: Wild
given name: Christian
affiliation: University of Bremen

Arjen Tilstra
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family name: Tilstra
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affiliation: University of Bremen

RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. Posit Software
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Shifting roles of heterotrophy and autotrophy in coral energetics under varying turbidity
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Physiology of the widespread pulsating soft coral Xenia umbellata is affected by food sources, but not by water flow
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Heterotrophy in Tropical Scleractinian Corals
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Effective asexual reproduction of a widespread soft coral: comparative assessment of four different fragmentation methods
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Role of elevated organic carbon levels and microbial activity in coral mortality
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Phosphate enrichment increases the resilience of the pulsating soft coral Xenia umbellata to warming
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Benefit of pulsation in soft corals
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Pathologies and mortality rates caused by organic carbon and nutrient stressors in three Caribbean coral species
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Spatial patterns of soft coral (Octocorallia) assemblages in the shallow coral reefs of Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan: Dominance on highly disturbed reefs
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The effects of dissolved organic matter supplements on the metabolism of corals under heat stress
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Eco-physiological responses of cold-water soft corals to anthropogenic sedimentation and particle shape
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The widely distributed soft coral Xenia umbellata exhibits high resistance against phosphate enrichment and temperature increase
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Reef Corals: Mutualistic Symbioses Adapted to Nutrient-Poor Environments
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Photosynthesis and respiration of the soft coral Xenia umbellata respond to warming but not to organic carbon eutrophication
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Effects of Seasonal Upwelling on Inorganic and Organic Matter Dynamics in the Water Column of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs
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The pulsating soft coral Xenia umbellata shows high resistance to warming when nitrate concentrations are low
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Short-term ocean acidification decreases pulsation and growth of the widespread soft coral Xenia umbellata
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Shadows over Caribbean reefs: Identification of a new invasive soft coral species, Xenia umbellata , in southwest Puerto Rico
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Contrasting Microbiome Dynamics of Putative Denitrifying Bacteria in Two Octocoral Species Exposed to Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Warming
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Individual and combined effect of organic eutrophication (DOC) and ocean warming on the ecophysiology of the Octocoral Pinnigorgia flava
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