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Holthusen, Lina Aleke; Bange, Hermann W; Arévalo-Martínez, Damian L; Badewien, Thomas Henry; Höfer, Juan; Löscher, Carolin Regina; Marin-Arias, Camila; Meyerjürgens, Jens; Schlangen, Isabell; Wurl, Oliver (2025): The vertical distribution of methane (CH4), nutrients and chlorophyll a in Maxwell Bay (King George Island, WAP) during ECA60 expedition in December 2023 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.974403

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Published: 2025-06-06 • DOI registered: 2025-07-10

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Abstract:
An oceanographic field campaign was conducted at the research station Base Julio Escudero on King George Island, Western Antarctica Peninsula, between December 2023 and January 2024 (Expedition ECA60). In order to investigate the distribution and sea-air fluxes of CH4, as well as the occurrence of glacial meltwater filaments and their influence on CH4 dynamics, the sampling location was chosen in Collins Bay, in close proximity to the sea terminus of Collins Glacier. Discrete water samples for methane (CH4), nutrients (NO3-, NO2- and PO4 3-), and chlorophyll a (chl a) were collected between 16 and 28 December 2023 at a time-series station at depths of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 m. CTD casts were conducted concurrent with discrete sampling and the wind speed was recorded at a weather station on King George Island. The CH4 samples were obtained in triplicate, preserved with an aqueous solution of mercury chloride (HgCl2) and measured using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Samples for nutrient analysis were filtered through 0.22 μm syringe filters (GPF), stored at -20 °C, and measured spectrophotometrically. All NO₂⁻ concentrations were below the detection limit of the instrument and thus excluded from the data set. Chl a samples were filtered through a GF/F filter, stored at -20 °C and analysed fluorometrically.
Keyword(s):
Antarctica; CH4; glacial retreat; King George Island; methane concentrations; Methane emissions; sea-air flux; Southern Ocean; trace gases; WAP
Related to:
Holthusen, Lina Aleke (submitted): Glacial Meltwater Drives High CH₄ Supersaturation in Maxwell Bay, King George Island (Southern Ocean).
Funding:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn (DFG), grant/award no. 462668354: DFG Priority Program 1158 'Antarctic research and comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas' (EWARP)
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -62.189582 * Median Longitude: -58.841007 * South-bound Latitude: -62.191100 * West-bound Longitude: -58.847865 * North-bound Latitude: -62.179000 * East-bound Longitude: -58.806960
Date/Time Start: 2023-12-17T01:20:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-12-28T15:37:00
Minimum DEPTH, water: 1 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 100 m
Event(s):
ECA60_E2  * Latitude Start: -62.190650 * Longitude Start: -58.842667 * Latitude End: -62.191050 * Longitude End: -58.845367 * Date/Time Start: 2023-12-17T01:17:22 * Date/Time End: 2023-12-28T15:37:32 * Location: Maxwell Bay, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula * Campaign: ECA60 (Chilean Antarctic Expedition #60) * Method/Device: CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 25plus
Comment:
Weather station on King George Island (‑62.1919°S, ‑58.9797°W, 45 masl), Directorate General of Civil Aviation of Chile, https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/informacion/fichaDeEstacion/950001
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 Event labelEventHolthusen, Lina Aleke
2 Sample code/labelSample labelHolthusen, Lina Aleke
3 DATE/TIMEDate/TimeHolthusen, Lina AlekeGeocode
4 LATITUDELatitudeHolthusen, Lina AlekeGeocode
5 LONGITUDELongitudeHolthusen, Lina AlekeGeocode
6 DEPTH, waterDepth watermHöfer, JuanCTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 25plus; calculated using SBE Data Processing Version 7.22.5 and SEAWATER RoutinesGeocode
7 Nitrate[NO3]-µmol/lSchlangen, IsabellUV-visible spectrophotometer
8 Phosphate[PO4]3-µmol/lSchlangen, IsabellUV-visible spectrophotometer
9 Chlorophyll aChl aµg/lHöfer, JuanFluorometer, Turner Designs, TD-700, using acidification method (Knap et al., 1996)
10 Temperature, waterTemp°CHöfer, JuanCTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 25plus; calculated using SBE Data Processing Version 7.22.5 and SEAWATER Routines
11 SalinitySalHöfer, JuanCTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 25plus; calculated using SBE Data Processing Version 7.22.5 and SEAWATER RoutinesPSU
12 Turbidity (Nephelometric turbidity unit)TurbidityNTUHöfer, JuanCTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 25plus; calculated using SBE Data Processing Version 7.22.5 and SEAWATER Routines
13 OxygenO2mg/lHöfer, JuanCTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 25plus; calculated using SBE Data Processing Version 7.22.5 and SEAWATER Routines
14 Wind speed at 10 m heightFF10m/sHöfer, JuanWeather station/meteorological observation (WST)
15 MethaneCH4nmol/lSchlangen, IsabellGas chromatography
16 Methane, standard deviationCH4 std dev±Holthusen, Lina AlekeGas chromatography
17 Wind directiondddegHolthusen, Lina AlekeWeather station/meteorological observation (WST)daily mean
18 Temperature, air, maximumTxTxTx°CHöfer, JuanWeather station/meteorological observation (WST)24 h before sampling
19 Radiation sensor, short-wave downward radiation, raw signalSWD rawmVHöfer, JuanWeather station/meteorological observation (WST)
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
388 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Event		2 
Sample label		3 
Date/Time		4 
Latitude		5 
Longitude		6 
Depth water [m]		7 
[NO3]- [µmol/l]		8 
[PO4]3- [µmol/l]		9 
Chl a [µg/l]		10 
Temp [°C]		11 
Sal		12 
Turbidity [NTU]		13 
O2 [mg/l]		14 
FF10 [m/s]		15 
CH4 [nmol/l]		16 
CH4 std dev [±]		17 
dd [deg]		18 
TxTxTx [°C]		19 
SWD raw [mV]
ECA60_E2 2023-12-17T01:20-62.1907-58.8426666710018.5320.8935483870.2222178190.154634.26550.564847.433766.60.13
ECA60_E22023-12-17T01:20-62.1907-58.842666675017.3901.6161290320.2630470820.330534.23750.552227.669288.60.83
ECA60_E22023-12-17T01:20-62.1907-58.842666672516.5470.8419354841.5319625850.621634.21620.559248.545208.70.52
ECA60_E22023-12-17T01:20-62.1907-58.842666671015.2860.7161290321.7280307070.908834.18540.792808.0878864.21.18
ECA60_E22023-12-17T01:20-62.1907-58.84266667515.9021.4193548391.9828921580.984134.12531.159287.8838684.73.58
ECA60_E22023-12-17T01:20-62.1907-58.84266667115.6490.5290322582.3066126981.132234.07641.105807.926784.43677456667.61.331191.9225.6468751
ECA60_E22023-12-20T19:36-62.1908-58.8439000010021.6831.0516129030.2122541130.173034.26660.581307.5029411.40.30
ECA60_E22023-12-20T19:36-62.1908-58.843900005022.6370.9000000001.0287311590.564734.24790.595727.663309.30.40
ECA60_E22023-12-20T19:36-62.1908-58.843900002520.2990.8354838711.3071765880.667234.20640.602307.6497216.70.20
ECA60_E22023-12-20T19:36-62.1908-58.843900001013.7690.6387096772.2896899901.009234.17930.606125.9897833.60.50
ECA60_E22023-12-20T19:36-62.1908-58.84390000517.3801.2193548390.7162534591.031034.17550.650927.8445839.80.70
ECA60_E22023-12-20T19:36-62.1908-58.84390000117.0170.7677419351.9042341971.106034.17290.657627.770104.18692476344.60.802610.0300.5331239
ECA60_E22023-12-22T18:23-62.1907-58.8431810010018.1021.9870967740.5048528080.388134.25610.572727.577287.70.30
ECA60_E22023-12-22T18:23-62.1907-58.843181005018.5731.3806451611.1226592340.568934.24730.574087.594368.30.20
ECA60_E22023-12-22T18:23-62.1907-58.843181002518.2571.0096774192.2388155840.932334.22690.606867.784669.20.40
ECA60_E22023-12-22T18:23-62.1907-58.843181001018.8820.6838709682.5259292891.124134.21480.815307.921528.50.30
ECA60_E22023-12-22T18:23-62.1907-58.84318100521.5810.6580645161.9341482911.147834.21590.818667.839829.70.40
ECA60_E22023-12-22T18:23-62.1907-58.84318100117.6891.0774193551.3579766811.277234.21180.811787.790002.4446112987.60.60269-0.1184.8219997
ECA60_Incubation12023-12-23T18:17-62.1895-58.806960002511.0570.7193548391.769334.073212.70.20
ECA60_Incubation12023-12-23T18:17-62.1895-58.806960001018.8420.7741935481.773334.069174.53.30
ECA60_Incubation12023-12-23T18:17-62.1895-58.80696000517.9560.8806451611.776434.069664.31.82
ECA60_Incubation12023-12-23T18:17-62.1895-58.80696000111.2563.1258064521.788934.07031.94956984549.42.761630.3214.2363119
ECA60_E22023-12-24T13:30-62.1906-58.844666671000.3687615890.391634.25140.574307.455088.50.71
ECA60_E22023-12-24T13:30-62.1906-58.84466667500.8334999890.727134.23060.583567.576927.90.32
ECA60_E22023-12-24T13:30-62.1906-58.84466667251.1590561750.971834.20840.580447.748508.20.32
ECA60_E22023-12-24T13:30-62.1906-58.84466667101.8663008191.337634.12700.785467.8959612.70.24
ECA60_E22023-12-24T13:30-62.1906-58.8446666751.4865226771.403034.10750.587467.9253020.21.04
ECA60_E22023-12-24T13:30-62.1906-58.8446666711.2727186811.473934.08810.724367.911724.18692476317.00.45242-0.9206.1676864
ECA60_E22023-12-26T20:27-62.1907-58.8443833310017.6611.1161290320.2694709330.429134.25360.562647.535569.40.20
ECA60_E22023-12-26T20:27-62.1907-58.844383335015.8370.7838709680.8637490030.814134.22910.578027.6371613.30.59
ECA60_E22023-12-26T20:27-62.1907-58.844383332515.1180.5354838712.0134112631.204734.19420.684767.8763212.90.52
ECA60_E22023-12-26T20:27-62.1907-58.844383331015.1040.7000000001.9574258811.289534.18220.638667.9238019.80.20
ECA60_E22023-12-26T20:27-62.1907-58.84438333515.5410.9516129032.2897203121.318734.17430.679067.9323219.80.87
ECA60_E22023-12-26T20:27-62.1907-58.84438333116.3190.7000000002.1824617991.316034.17470.685527.936729.97068800619.80.09251-0.6165.6519378
ECA60_Incubation22023-12-27T18:28-62.1790-58.847865002518.4060.6129032260.997634.170810.31.02
ECA60_Incubation22023-12-27T18:28-62.1790-58.847865001019.7180.8129032261.436833.999915.60.32
ECA60_Incubation22023-12-27T18:28-62.1790-58.84786500511.0830.6290322581.773233.744828.50.92
ECA60_Incubation22023-12-27T18:28-62.1790-58.84786500113.9541.4903225811.786033.73036.44185643331.81.96212-0.6204.7256902
ECA60_E22023-12-28T15:37-62.1911-58.845366671000.1700704340.314634.28380.572747.4719010.10.08
ECA60_E22023-12-28T15:37-62.1911-58.84536667500.3250691680.642634.25120.577267.580969.90.36
ECA60_E22023-12-28T15:37-62.1911-58.84536667250.7926382680.912234.22560.576688.0989210.20.68
ECA60_E22023-12-28T15:37-62.1911-58.84536667102.3829191411.121934.20820.572747.8800619.00.34
ECA60_E22023-12-28T15:37-62.1911-58.8453666752.9446632891.254734.19380.922688.0448845.10.77
ECA60_E22023-12-28T15:37-62.1911-58.8453666711.1686522361.553933.85702.693647.956004.93704937658.43.341500.3183.8098759