Rahav, Eyal (2024): Spatial distribution of Sea-spray aerosols' viable prokaryotes and virus-like particles during RV METEOR cruise M197, Eastern Mediterranean Sea [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.974259 (DOI registration in progress)
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Abstract:
We quantified the abundance of viable (live) microbes and virus-like cells in freshly generated sea-spray. To this end, we pumped surface seawater during a month-long cruise across the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Jan-Feb. 2024, RV. Meteor cruise ID M197). We determined how microbial viability changes once they are transferred from surface water into sea-spray. Our results show that the number of live bacteria in sea-spray corresponds to chlorophyll-a in surface water, a measure algal biomass and inversely corresponds to surface water temperatures. The higher the algal biomass in surface water the higher microbial viability in sea-spray was observed. In contrast, viruses showed the opposite trend, being more common in areas of oligotrophic conditions characterized by low algal biomass. When comparing sea-spray to the surface water from which it originated, we found that about 15% of the microbes died in the process of becoming airborne. Those that survived the aerosolization and remained alive were just as productive as those in the surface seawater. This study gives a better understanding of what happens to marine microbes when they get into the air via sea spray and how they might impact the environment.
Funding:
Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HGF), grant/award no. EMS FORE: Eastern Mediterranean Sea as model region to study future changes in the ocean
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 34.736279 * Median Longitude: 25.983026 * South-bound Latitude: 33.326333 * West-bound Longitude: 19.194317 * North-bound Latitude: 37.551217 * East-bound Longitude: 34.152267
Date/Time Start: 2024-01-06T09:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2024-02-04T09:00:01
Minimum DEPTH, water: 5 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 5 m
Event(s):
M197_0_Underway-6 * Latitude Start: 33.440720 * Longitude Start: 32.437580 * Latitude End: 37.497000 * Longitude End: 18.728950 * Date/Time Start: 2024-01-06T18:36:10 * Date/Time End: 2024-02-04T07:32:58 * Elevation Start: -1598.0 m * Elevation End: -3308.0 m * Campaign: M197 (EMS PS) * Basis: Meteor (1986) * Method/Device: Water pump (PUMP) * Comment: Profilstart; Profilende
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sample ID | Sample ID | Rahav, Eyal | |||
| 2 | DEPTH, water | Depth water | m | Rahav, Eyal | Geocode | |
| 3 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Rahav, Eyal | Geocode | ||
| 4 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Rahav, Eyal | Geocode | ||
| 5 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Rahav, Eyal | Geocode | ||
| 6 | Prokaryotes | Prok | #/m3 | Rahav, Eyal | Flow cytometry | total cells |
| 7 | Prokaryotes, viable | Prok viab | #/m3 | Rahav, Eyal | Circulating tumor cells (CTC) kit | |
| 8 | Virus-like particles | VLP | #/m3 | Rahav, Eyal | SYTO9 staining | |
| 9 | Comment | Comment | Rahav, Eyal |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
143 data points
Data
| 1 Sample ID | 2 Depth water [m] | 3 Date/Time | 4 Latitude | 5 Longitude | 6 Prok [#/m3] | 7 Prok viab [#/m3] | 8 VLP [#/m3] | 9 Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | 2024-01-06T09:00:00 | 33.32633333 | 32.36376667 | 7330 | 602 | 457000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 2 | 5 | 2024-01-06T19:00:00 | 33.36593333 | 32.38538333 | 11300 | 1130 | 478000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 3 | 5 | 2024-01-06T09:00:00 | 33.36585000 | 32.38550000 | 259000 | 32700 | 779000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 4 | 5 | 2024-01-07T19:00:00 | 33.50965000 | 32.29096667 | 11000 | 1280 | 488000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 7 | 5 | 2024-01-11T09:00:00 | 33.34716667 | 33.38841667 | 2890 | 193 | 536000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 8 | 5 | 2024-01-12T09:00:00 | 34.06565000 | 34.15226667 | 17200 | 1980 | 121000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 9 | 5 | 2024-01-13T09:00:00 | 33.68431667 | 32.53653333 | 24100 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation | ||
| 10 | 5 | 2024-01-14T09:00:01 | 34.07391667 | 32.68403333 | 16000 | 3550 | 1130000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 11 | 5 | 2024-01-15T09:00:01 | 33.80075000 | 30.28621667 | 21700 | 1130 | 1110000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 12 | 5 | 2024-01-16T09:00:01 | 33.77958333 | 27.57050000 | 29600 | 6660 | 235000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 13 | 5 | 2024-01-17T09:00:01 | 34.00831667 | 26.52003333 | 3160 | 682 | 931000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 14 | 5 | 2024-01-18T09:00:01 | 34.36791667 | 26.09390000 | 31800 | 7780 | 1260000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 15 | 5 | 2024-01-19T09:00:01 | 34.25795000 | 25.49435000 | 11900 | 2580 | 605000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 16 | 5 | 2024-01-20T09:00:01 | 33.72393333 | 24.68215000 | 70200 | 15000 | 515000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 17 | 5 | 2024-01-21T09:00:01 | 33.72628333 | 24.68505000 | 38700 | 13000 | 313000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 18 | 5 | 2024-01-22T09:00:01 | 34.38463333 | 24.87506667 | 73700 | 6590 | 604000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 19 | 5 | 2024-01-23T09:00:01 | 34.59398333 | 23.94166667 | 95200 | 24000 | 521000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 20 | 5 | 2024-01-24T09:00:01 | 34.50468333 | 23.59990000 | 145000 | 26100 | 847000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 21 | 5 | 2024-01-25T09:00:01 | 34.79966667 | 22.87036667 | 44300 | 12100 | 166000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 22 | 5 | 2024-01-26T09:00:01 | 35.17475000 | 22.77576667 | 27300 | 6660 | 95400 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 23 | 5 | 2024-01-27T09:00:01 | 35.55211667 | 22.63138333 | 106000 | 21000 | 441000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 24 | 5 | 2024-01-28T09:00:01 | 35.44620000 | 22.01333333 | 176000 | 43000 | 586000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 25 | 5 | 2024-01-29T09:00:01 | 35.32985000 | 21.67620000 | 174000 | 36900 | 897000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 26 | 5 | 2024-01-30T09:00:01 | 35.92703333 | 21.44613333 | 214000 | 17900 | 726000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 27 | 5 | 2024-01-31T09:00:01 | 36.56183333 | 21.10665000 | 83300 | 19600 | 561000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 28 | 5 | 2024-02-01T09:00:01 | 36.62813333 | 20.26790000 | 39600 | 9410 | 347000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 29 | 5 | 2024-02-02T09:00:01 | 37.27783333 | 20.19743333 | 130000 | 26400 | 609000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 30 | 5 | 2024-02-03T09:00:01 | 37.55121667 | 19.39256667 | 155000 | 33100 | 471000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |
| 31 | 5 | 2024-02-04T09:00:01 | 37.21660000 | 19.19431667 | 271000 | 44600 | 819000 | Event shows start point (date/time & coordinates) for sea-spray collection during cruise M197. Sea-spray aerosols were artificially generated using a costume-design instrumentation |