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Bellat, Mathias; Glissmann, Benjamin; Rentschler, Tobias; Sconzo, Paola; Pfälzner, Peter; Brifkany, Bekas; Scholten, Thomas (2024): Soil properties in the North-Western Kurdistan region, Iraq, derived from laboratory measurements [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.973701 (DOI registration in progress)

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Abstract:
Soil information is valuable for many disciplines (e.g. agriculture, geomorphology, geology, archaeology) and can be used to produce maps or statistics on soil productivity. As part of the project CRC1070 ResourceCulture, we collected information on the soil quality in the Dohuk province of the Kurdistan region of Iraq. In total, 561 samples were collected at 136 locations in 2017, 2018, 2022, and 2023. These samples were collected at different depth increments (0 - 10, 10 - 30, 30 - 50, 50 - 70 and 70 - 100 cm) with an auger before being prepared and measured with mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. Part of these samples (109) were selected to be analyzed in a laboratory, measuring texture, pH, organic and total carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, electrical conductivity, bulk density and calcium carbonate. A Cubist model was used to predict the remaining samples based on the MIR spectra. We then modelled digital soil mapping with machine learning methods (ensemble learning, linear regression, decision trees) for these soil components. Additionally, we mapped the soil depth using the information collected in the field. This dataset can help any researcher regarding soil information, forming a unique regional database.
Here, samples were air dried (35 - 45 °C) for 24 h; root fragments were removed and sieved (< 2 mm); for the CNS analysis (Ct, Nt and Corg, with Vario EL III, Elementar), samples were ground below 1 µm (Fritsch, Pulverisette 5/4, classic line). The texture was measured with wet sieving (2 - 0.063 mm fraction) and SediGraph III (Micrometrics) for the lower fractions (0.063 - 0.000063). pH was measured with a ProfiLine pH 3310 (WTW) in Kcl solution, while the CaCO3 was calculated using the calcimeter method. The conductivity was measured in micro siemens per second [µS/cm], with a Cond 330i/340i (WTW). Finally, we calculated the mean weight diameter of the aggregate (mm) based on the texture results and the following formula MWD=Xi∗Wi/100.
Keyword(s):
digital soil mapping; FTIR spectroscopy; Iraq; machine learning; soil depth; soil properties; spatial modelling
Funding:
German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 215859406: A hunt for resources? Spatial models in the ResourceCultures at the northern periphery of Mesopotamia (B07)
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 36.993887 * Median Longitude: 42.695546 * South-bound Latitude: 36.781288 * West-bound Longitude: 42.419542 * North-bound Latitude: 37.206902 * East-bound Longitude: 43.038379
Date/Time Start: 2017-09-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-10-03T00:00:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.05 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.85 m
Event(s):
B07_2022_003 * Latitude: 36.933910 * Longitude: 42.536446 * Date/Time: 2022-09-24T00:00:00 * Location: Dohuk directorate, Iraq * Campaign: B07_2022 (B07 SFB 1070 soil survey 2022) * Basis: Sampling on land * Method/Device: Auger (AUG)
B07_2022_004 * Latitude: 36.993461 * Longitude: 42.472119 * Date/Time: 2022-09-17T00:00:00 * Location: Dohuk directorate, Iraq * Campaign: B07_2022 (B07 SFB 1070 soil survey 2022) * Basis: Sampling on land * Method/Device: Auger (AUG)
B07_2022_007 * Latitude: 36.951637 * Longitude: 42.618166 * Date/Time: 2022-09-25T00:00:00 * Location: Dohuk directorate, Iraq * Campaign: B07_2022 (B07 SFB 1070 soil survey 2022) * Basis: Sampling on land * Method/Device: Auger (AUG)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1Event labelEventBellat, Mathias
2Laboratory code/labelLab labelBellat, Mathias
3LATITUDELatitudeBellat, MathiasGeocode
4LONGITUDELongitudeBellat, MathiasGeocode
5Depth, top/minDepth topmBellat, Mathias
6Depth, bottom/maxDepth botmBellat, Mathias
7DEPTH, sediment/rockDepth sedmBellat, MathiasGeocode – mean
8DATE/TIMEDate/TimeBellat, MathiasGeocode
9pHpHBellat, MathiaspH-meter, WTW pH 3310, pH probe WTW SenTix 81
10Calcium carbonateCaCO3%Bellat, MathiasCalcimeter, Royal Eijkelkamp, 08.53
11Nitrogen, totalTN%Bellat, MathiasCarbon and nitrogen and sulfur (CNS) isotope element analyzer, Elementar, Vario EL III
12Sulfur, totalTS%Bellat, MathiasCarbon and nitrogen and sulfur (CNS) isotope element analyzer, Elementar, Vario EL III
13Carbon, totalTC%Bellat, MathiasCarbon and nitrogen and sulfur (CNS) isotope element analyzer, Elementar, Vario EL III
14Carbon, organic, totalTOC%Bellat, MathiasCarbon and nitrogen and sulfur (CNS) isotope element analyzer, Elementar, Vario EL III
15Conductivity, electrolyticECµS/cmBellat, MathiasConductivity meter, Nova Analytics, WTW Cond 330i
16Size fraction 2.000-0.630 mm, coarse sand2000-630 µm%Bellat, MathiasGrain size, sievingcoarse sand
17Size fraction 0.630-0.200 mm, medium sand630-200 µm%Bellat, MathiasGrain size, sievingmedium sand
18Size fraction 0.200-0.125 mm, fine sand200-125 µm%Bellat, MathiasGrain size, sievingfine sand
19Size fraction 0.125-0.063 mm, 3.0-4.0 phi, very fine sand125-63 µm%Bellat, MathiasGrain size, sievingfine fine sand
20Size fraction 2.000-0.063 mm, sand2000-63 µm%Bellat, MathiasGrain size, sievingsand
21Size fraction 0.063-0.020 mm, coarse silt63-20 µm gU%Bellat, MathiasParticle Size Analyser, Micrometrics, SediGraph IIIcoarse silt
22Size fraction 0.020-0.0063 mm, medium silt20-6.3 µm mU%Bellat, MathiasParticle Size Analyser, Micrometrics, SediGraph IIImedium silt
23Size fraction 0.0063-0.002 mm, fine silt6.3-2 µm fU%Bellat, MathiasParticle Size Analyser, Micrometrics, SediGraph IIIfine silt
24Size fraction 0.063-0.002 mm, silt, mud63-2 µm%Bellat, MathiasParticle Size Analyser, Micrometrics, SediGraph IIIsilt
25Size fraction 2-0.63 µm, coarse clay2-0.63 µm%Bellat, MathiasParticle Size Analyser, Micrometrics, SediGraph IIIcoarse clay
26Size fraction 0.63-0.063 µm, medium and fine clay0.63-0.063 µm%Bellat, MathiasParticle Size Analyser, Micrometrics, SediGraph IIImedium and fine clay
27Size fraction 2-0.063 µm2-0.063 µm%Bellat, MathiasParticle Size Analyser, Micrometrics, SediGraph IIIclay
28Size fraction 0.063-0.000063 mm, silt+clay63-0.063 µm%Bellat, MathiasParticle Size Analyser, Micrometrics, SediGraph III
29Size fraction < 2.0 mm<2000 µm%Bellat, MathiasSize fraction 2-0.000063 mm, sand,silt+clay
30Particle size, meanPart size meanmmBellat, MathiasCalculatedmean weight aggregate: MWD=Xi*Wi/100
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
2636 data points

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