Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2020T77
type: Dataset
conforms to: http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.0
creator: Andreas Preußer
creator: Marcel Nicolaus
creator: Mario Hoppmann
publisher: PANGAEA
  type: Organization
  disambiguating description: Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
included in data catalog: PANGAEA
  type: DataCatalog
  disambiguating description: Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
date published: 2025-01-13
is part of: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.973193
additional type: dataset
description: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2020T77 (a.k.a. PRIC_1005) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20) as part of the project PRIC. Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2020-04-04T14:30:17 and 2020-06-05T14:30:16. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.
abstract: The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2020T77 (a.k.a. PRIC_1005) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20) as part of the project PRIC. Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 241 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2020-04-04T14:30:17 and 2020-06-05T14:30:16. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt.
is based on: Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2020T77, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20
citation: A Novel and Low-Cost Sea Ice Mass Balance Buoy
citation: Autonomous measurements of sea ice properties of buoy 2020T77
citation: Buoy Deployment Report 2020T77
  type: CreativeWork
  type: Report
  additional type: report
citation: Quicklook of SIMBA 2020T77
  type: CreativeWork
  creator: Andreas Preusser
    type: Person
    family name: Preusser
    given name: Andreas
  date published: 2024
  additional type: other
spatial coverage: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: 82.8465 7.4643 84.5734 18.1292
temporal coverage: 2020-04-04T14:30:17/2020-06-05T14:30:16
funding: Pan-Arctic observing System of Systems: Implementing Observations for societal Needs (Arctic PASSION)
size: QuantitativeValue
  value: 3176.0
  unit text: data points
variable measured: DATE/TIME
  type: PropertyValue
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: Time
variable measured: LATITUDE
variable measured: LONGITUDE
variable measured: Sea ice thickness
  type: PropertyValue
  unit text: m
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: Length
variable measured: Snow thickness
  type: PropertyValue
  unit text: m
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: Length
variable measured: Sea ice thickness, uncertainty
  type: PropertyValue
  unit text: m
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: Length
variable measured: Snow thickness, uncertainty
  type: PropertyValue
  unit text: m
  measurement technique: Manual classification
variable measured: Distance, atmosphere/snow interface, relative to initial ice surface
  type: PropertyValue
  unit text: m
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: distance
    has defined term: atmosphere
    has defined term: relative
    has defined term: Length
variable measured: Temperature, atmosphere/snow interface
  type: PropertyValue
  unit text: °C
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: Temperature
    has defined term: atmosphere
variable measured: Thermistor number, at atmosphere/snow interface
  type: PropertyValue
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: atmosphere
variable measured: Distance, snow/ice interface, relative to initial ice surface
  type: PropertyValue
  unit text: m
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: distance
    has defined term: snow
    has defined term: relative
    has defined term: Length
variable measured: Temperature, snow/ice interface
  type: PropertyValue
  unit text: °C
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: Temperature
    has defined term: snow
variable measured: Thermistor number, at snow/ice interface
  type: PropertyValue
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: snow
variable measured: Distance, ice/ocean interface, relative to initial ice surface
  type: PropertyValue
  unit text: m
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: distance
    has defined term: ice
    has defined term: relative
    has defined term: Length
variable measured: Temperature, ice/ocean interface
  type: PropertyValue
  unit text: °C
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: Temperature
    has defined term: ice
variable measured: Thermistor number, at ice/ocean interface
  type: PropertyValue
  measurement technique: Manual classification
  subject of: DefinedTermSet
    has defined term: ice
keywords: Arctic PASSION; Autonomous buoy; Ice mass balance; Sea ice interfaces; Sea ice thickness; snow depth; Temperature thermistor
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
conditions of access: unrestricted
is accessible for free: true
language: en
distribution: data matrix.tab
distribution: FileObject
  type: DataDownload
  encoding format: text/html

Andreas Preußer
type: Person
family name: Preußer
given name: Andreas
affiliation: Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven

Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven
type: Organization
alternate name: AWI

Marcel Nicolaus
type: Person
family name: Nicolaus
given name: Marcel
affiliation: Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven

Mario Hoppmann
type: Person
family name: Hoppmann
given name: Mario
affiliation: Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2020T77, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20
type: CreativeWork
type: Dataset
creator: Ruibo Lei
creator: Jennifer K Hutchings
  type: Person
  family name: Hutchings
  given name: Jennifer K
creator: Mario Hoppmann
creator: Zhuoli Yuan
  type: Person
  family name: Yuan
  given name: Zhuoli
date published: 2022
additional type: dataset bundled publication

Ruibo Lei
type: Person
family name: Lei
given name: Ruibo

A Novel and Low-Cost Sea Ice Mass Balance Buoy
type: CreativeWork
type: ScholarlyArticle
creator: Keith Jackson
  type: Person
  family name: Jackson
  given name: Keith
creator: Jeremy Wilkinson
  type: Person
  family name: Wilkinson
  given name: Jeremy
creator: Ted Maksym
  type: Person
  family name: Maksym
  given name: Ted
creator: David T Meldrum
  type: Person
  family name: Meldrum
  given name: David T
creator: Justin Beckers
creator: Christian Haas
creator: David Mackenzie
  type: Person
  family name: Mackenzie
  given name: David
date published: 2013
pagination: 2676-2688
is part of: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
  type: Periodical
  type: PublicationVolume
  volume number: 30(11)
additional type: journal article

Justin Beckers
type: Person
family name: Beckers
given name: Justin

Christian Haas
type: Person
family name: Haas
given name: Christian

Autonomous measurements of sea ice properties of buoy 2020T77
type: CreativeWork
type: WebPage
source organization: SEAICE Portal
additional type: webpage

Pan-Arctic observing System of Systems: Implementing Observations for societal Needs (Arctic PASSION)
type: MonetaryGrant
funder: Horizon 2020 of the European Commission

Horizon 2020 of the European Commission
type: Organization
alternate name: H2020

Time
type: DefinedTerm
alternate name: T

Length
type: DefinedTerm
alternate name: L

distance
type: DefinedTerm

atmosphere
type: DefinedTerm

Temperature
type: DefinedTerm
alternate name: Θ

ice
type: DefinedTerm

data matrix.tab
type: FileObject
type: DataDownload
encoding format: text/tab-separated-values