PANGAEA_973324 Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2012T31 Preußer, Andreas; Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario Snow depth, sea ice thickness and interface temperatures derived from measurements of SIMBA buoy 2012T31 2025-01-13 PANGAEA Dataset https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.973324 Investigator Andreas Preusser Earth Science DATE/TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE Sea ice thickness Snow thickness Sea ice thickness, uncertainty Snow thickness, uncertainty Distance, atmosphere/snow interface, relative to initial ice surface Temperature, atmosphere/snow interface Thermistor number, at atmosphere/snow interface Distance, snow/ice interface, relative to initial ice surface Temperature, snow/ice interface Thermistor number, at snow/ice interface Distance, ice/ocean interface, relative to initial ice surface Temperature, ice/ocean interface Thermistor number, at ice/ocean interface geoscientificInformation 2012T31; ronnie_06 Arctic PASSION ARK-XXVII/3 Autonomous buoy Ice mass balance PS80/224-2 SAMS Ice Mass Balance buoy Sea ice interfaces Sea ice thickness snow depth Temperature thermistor Manual classification Polarstern 2012-08-11 2012-11-08 Complete 82.3315 84.6646 8.6058 31.1609 meereisportal.de Current sea ice maps for Arctic and Antarctic Arctic_PASSION Pan-Arctic observing System of Systems: Implementing Observations for societal Needs AWI_PhyOce Physical Oceanography @ AWI AWI_SeaIce Sea Ice Physics @ AWI unrestricted CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International English PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://www.pangaea.de/ Data Center Contact Michael Diepenbroek info@pangaea.de

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Bremen Bremen 28359 Germany online 4467 data points text/tab-separated-values Wenzhöfer, Frank; Nicolaus, Marcel (2026): Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2012T31 [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.967946 Jackson, Keith; Wilkinson, Jeremy; Maksym, Ted; Meldrum, David T; Beckers, Justin; Haas, Christian; Mackenzie, David (2013): A Novel and Low-Cost Sea Ice Mass Balance Buoy. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 30(11), 2676-2688, https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00058.1 Autonomous measurements of sea ice properties of buoy 2012T31 [webpage]. SEAICE Portal, https://data.meereisportal.de/relaunch/buoy.php?lang=en&active-tab1=method&active-tab2=buoy&buoyname=2012T31&singlemap= Buoy Deployment Report 2012T31. https://download.pangaea.de/reference/125830/attachments/2012T31_deployment.pdf Preusser, Andreas (2024): Quicklook of SIMBA 2012T31. https://download.pangaea.de/reference/129714/attachments/SIMBA_QUICKLOOK_nh_2012T31_ArcPas_DATA.png

The Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) is a thermistor string type IMB (Jackson et al., 2013) which measures the environmental temperature SIMBA-ET and a temperature change around the thermistors after a weak heating is applied to each sensor (SIMBA-HT). SIMBA 2012T31 (a.k.a. ronnie_06) is an autonomous instrument that was installed on drifting sea ice in the Central Arctic Ocean (Polarstern PS80 (ARK27/3, IceArc) in 2012) as part of the project MPI-HB. Its thermistor chain is 5 m long, and equipped with 240 thermistors (Maxim Integrated DS28EA00) at a spacing of 2 cm. Based on a manual classification method, the SIMBA-ET and SIMBA-HT were processed to obtain snow depth and ice thickness (smoothed with a 3-day running mean), as well as the thermistor number, the vertical position Z relative to the snow-ice interface and the measured SIMBA-ET at each detected interface (atmosphere-snow, snow-ice and ice-ocean) for the period between 2012-08-11T11:00:38 and 2012-11-08T16:00:39. To do this, we combined two derivatives of measured temperatures (the ET vertical gradient and HT rise ratio) to reduce the detection uncertainty of all interfaces considered. The snow or ice surface, consequentially the snow depth, is determined by the ET vertical gradient. Potential formation of snow ice is not explicitly considered in this data set, but may occur as depicted by vertical changes of the snow-ice interface position. The ice-ocean interface is usually determined using the HT rise ratio and serves as the lower limit for ice thickness. Overall, the accumulated error is 2 to 4 times the sensor spacing for both the snow depth and ice thickness. For interface temperatures, individual sensors in the chain measure with a temperature resolution of 0.0625°C, with the overall accuracy landing in the range of ± 2°C (Jackson et al., 2013). After the snow cover has melted, negative values for snow depth may indicate the onset of ice surface melt. ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.973324"!

http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:Ice-floe_params_hg.png Snow thickness http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ice-floe_params_hg.png Sea ice thickness http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709 LATITUDE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709 LONGITUDE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 DATE/TIME https://data.meereisportal.de/relaunch/buoy.php?lang=en&active-tab1=method&active-tab2=buoy&buoyname=2012T31&singlemap= Autonomous measurements of sea ice properties of buoy 2012T31 https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00058.1 A Novel and Low-Cost Sea Ice Mass Balance Buoy https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163 Polarstern https://doi.org/10.2312/BzPM_0663_2013 ARK-XXVII/3 https://doi.org/10.3030/101003472 Arctic_PASSION https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.967946 Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2012T31 https://www.awi.de/en/science/climate-sciences/physical-oceanography.html AWI_PhyOce https://www.awi.de/en/science/climate-sciences/sea-ice-physics.html AWI_SeaIce https://www.meereisportal.de/en/ meereisportal.de https://www.sams-enterprise.com/simba/ SAMS Ice Mass Balance buoy PANGAEA_973193 DIF 9.4 2025-01-13 2026-04-10