Damm Ellen ellen.damm@awi.de https://www.awi.de/en/about-us/organisation/staff/single-view/ellen-damm.html 0000-0002-1487-1283 Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam AWI Potsdam http://www.awi.de/en/institute/sites/potsdam/ https://ror.org/032e6b942 Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam AWI Potsdam http://www.awi.de/en/institute/sites/potsdam/ https://ror.org/032e6b942 Björk Göran goran.bjork@marine.gu.se University of Gothenburg GU https://ror.org/01tm6cn81 Abrahamsson Katarina katarina.abrahamsson@gu.se University of Gothenburg GU https://ror.org/01tm6cn81 2024 Measurements of CH4 concentration and 𝜹13C-CH4 in seawater after the Nord Stream 2 detonation in October 2022 dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.964690 2024-12-04T11:53:43 Our sampling took place on the RV Skagerak on 3-5 October 2022 . In total, 20 stations Northeast of the island Bornholm were covered. 16 sites were located within the methane plume formed by the intense methane bubbling in the week after the explosion, but outside the 7 NM wide security circle around the leaks. In addition, we included 4 sites on the track to the explosion site to detect natural background concentrations.
 Profiles of salinity and temperature in the water column were recorded by a Sea-Bird SBE911, a conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) system. Water samples for the analysis of concentrations of dissolved methane and 𝜹13C-CH4 values were taken from up to 10 discrete water depths across the entire water from Niskin bottles mounted on a rosette sampler. The deepest bottles were closed at about 1–2 m above the sea floor. The selection of water sampling depths was determined taking the thermocline and halocline depths into consideration.
 Sampling procedure was performed as follows: Seawater from the rosette were filled in 500 ml glass vials, sealed with rubber stoppers and crimped with aluminum caps. Care was taken to avoid any bubbles. A headspace was created by injecting 20 ml hydrocarbon free synthetic air while at the same time water was pushed out via a second needle to balance the pressure. When equilibrated, a subsample was removed with a gas tight syringe and injected to the SSIM (Small Sample Isotope Module) coupled to a Picarro G2132-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. For calibration, we used standard gas mixtures with different concentrations (Fa. Linde), and standard gas mixtures with isotopic ratios of -25 ‰ vs. VPDB, -45 ‰ vs. VPDB and 69 ‰ vs. VPDB (Fa Airgas). Considering the complete sampling procedure, the overall total uncertainty was < 5% estimated on duplicates. The calculation of the dissolved methane concentration followed Wiesenburg and Guinasso (1979). Abrahamsson Katarina katarina.abrahamsson@gu.se Damm Ellen ellen.damm@awi.de https://www.awi.de/en/about-us/organisation/staff/single-view/ellen-damm.html 0000-0002-1487-1283 Björk Göran goran.bjork@marine.gu.se Bunse Carina carina.bunse@uol.de Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de Broström Göran Assmann Volkmar Dumitrascu Adela Adela.Dumitrascu@mmt.se Maciute Adele Olofsson Niten Pourdanandeh Milad 2024 Methane plume detection after the 2022 Nord Stream pipeline explosion in the Baltic Sea journal article Scientific Reports 14(1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63449-2 12848 Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de Damm Ellen ellen.damm@awi.de https://www.awi.de/en/about-us/organisation/staff/single-view/ellen-damm.html 0000-0002-1487-1283 Abrahamsson Katarina katarina.abrahamsson@gu.se 2024 Ship-borne measurements of atmospheric CH4 concentration and 𝜹13C-CH4 after the Nord Stream 2 detonation in October 2022 dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.964676 Wiesenburg Denis A Guinasso Jr. Norman L 1979 Equilibrium solubilities of methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen in water and sea water journal article Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 24(4) https://doi.org/10.1021/je60083a006 356-360 14.31952 15.95782 55.20766 55.76008 15.459699699248125 55.61709804511283 2022-10-03T03:57:12 2022-10-05T13:45:49 5.33 76.41 University of Gothenburg GU https://doi.org/10.13039/501100005760 NORDEX_2022_expedition NORDEX_1-1 55.20766 14.31952 2022-10-03T03:57:12 55.20766 14.31952 2022-10-03T04:03:00 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_2-1 55.37284 14.54914 2022-10-03T07:08:26 55.37284 14.54914 2022-10-03T07:17:15 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_3-1 55.53454 14.79376 2022-10-03T09:09:59 55.53454 14.79376 2022-10-03T09:21:36 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_4-1 55.69532 15.03994 2022-10-03T11:19:18 55.69532 15.03994 2022-10-03T11:30:33 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_5-1 55.65278 15.2823 2022-10-03T13:45:07 55.65278 15.2823 2022-10-03T13:55:10 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_6-1 55.60718 15.53782 2022-10-03T15:50:52 55.60718 15.53782 2022-10-03T15:58:09 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_7-1 55.67798 15.74336 2022-10-03T18:26:52 55.67798 15.74336 2022-10-03T18:34:18 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_8-1 55.52986 15.95782 2022-10-04T04:07:59 55.52986 15.95782 2022-10-04T04:22:57 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_9-1 55.627 15.90516 2022-10-04T06:58:31 55.627 15.90516 2022-10-04T07:12:10 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_10-1 55.65984 15.67078 2022-10-04T09:08:04 55.65984 15.67078 2022-10-04T09:19:52 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_11-1 55.5935 15.54698 2022-10-04T11:25:30 55.5935 15.54698 2022-10-04T11:40:44 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_12-1 55.67656 15.59628 2022-10-04T13:15:13 55.67656 15.59628 2022-10-04T13:25:08 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_13-1 55.6773 15.7433 2022-10-04T14:57:27 55.6773 15.7433 2022-10-04T15:09:03 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_14-1 55.67658 15.8897 2022-10-04T17:33:57 55.67658 15.8897 2022-10-04T17:41:21 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_15-1 55.76008 15.74484 2022-10-04T19:44:45 55.76008 15.74484 2022-10-04T19:53:16 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_16-2 55.6552 15.66772 2022-10-05T05:06:21 55.6552 15.66772 2022-10-05T05:16:24 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_17-1 55.65688 15.51784 2022-10-05T07:31:34 55.65688 15.51784 2022-10-05T07:45:10 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_18-1 55.60746 15.44568 2022-10-05T09:04:23 55.60746 15.44568 2022-10-05T09:13:37 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_19-1 55.63624 15.3091 2022-10-05T11:28:15 55.63624 15.3091 2022-10-05T11:43:21 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers NORDEX_20-1 55.70034 15.214 2022-10-05T13:36:44 55.70034 15.214 2022-10-05T13:45:49 NORDEX NORDEX 2022-10-02T00:00:00 2022-10-02 2024-01-09T00:00:00 2024-01-09 Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 Abrahamsson, Katarina Abrahamsson, Katarina Skagerak https://www.gu.se/en/skagerak SEYD 9776963 CTD/Rosette CTD-RO CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ CTD & XBT Water samplers 2345 CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Event label Event Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de Event Cruise/expedition Expedition Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de Expedition Station label Station Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de Station Cast number Cast Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de Cast DATE/TIME Date/Time http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 Time T http://dbpedia.org/resource/Time Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de Date/Time LATITUDE Latitude http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709 Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de Latitude LONGITUDE Longitude http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709 Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de Longitude Bottle number Bottle Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de Bottle Identification ID Sellmaier Samuel samuel.sellmaier@awi.de ID Pressure, water Press dbar Pressure http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pressure water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 Energy Density http://dbpedia.org/resource/Energy_density Force Per Area CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911 http://www.seabird.com/sbe911plus-ctd CTD & XBT Sea-Bird SBE 911 CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/ Björk Göran goran.bjork@marine.gu.se Press [dbar] DEPTH, water Depth water m depth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001595 water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 Length L http://dbpedia.org/resource/Length CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911 http://www.seabird.com/sbe911plus-ctd CTD & XBT Sea-Bird SBE 911 CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/ Björk Göran goran.bjork@marine.gu.se Depth water [m] Temperature, water Temp °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911 http://www.seabird.com/sbe911plus-ctd CTD & XBT Sea-Bird SBE 911 CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/ Björk Göran goran.bjork@marine.gu.se Temp [°C] Salinity Sal salinity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0085001 CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911 http://www.seabird.com/sbe911plus-ctd CTD & XBT Sea-Bird SBE 911 CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/ Björk Göran goran.bjork@marine.gu.se Sal Oxygen O2 µmol/l oxygen O https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:25805 Molar Concentration CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911 http://www.seabird.com/sbe911plus-ctd CTD & XBT Sea-Bird SBE 911 CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/ Björk Göran goran.bjork@marine.gu.se O2 [µmol/l] Fluorescence Fluorescence mg/m**3 fluorescence http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000018 Density http://dbpedia.org/resource/Density CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911 http://www.seabird.com/sbe911plus-ctd CTD & XBT Sea-Bird SBE 911 CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/ Björk Göran goran.bjork@marine.gu.se Fluorescence [mg/m**3] Turbidity (Formazin nephelometric unit) Turbidity FNU https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephelometer#Turbidity_units Turbidity http://dbpedia.org/resource/Turbidity CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911 http://www.seabird.com/sbe911plus-ctd CTD & XBT Sea-Bird SBE 911 CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/ Björk Göran goran.bjork@marine.gu.se Turbidity [FNU] Transmission of light Transmission % light Dimensionless Ratio ψ CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911 http://www.seabird.com/sbe911plus-ctd CTD & XBT Sea-Bird SBE 911 CTD http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/ Björk Göran goran.bjork@marine.gu.se Transmission [%] Methane CH4 nmol/l methane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16183 Molar Concentration Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer (CRDS), PICARRO, G2132-i Damm Ellen ellen.damm@awi.de https://www.awi.de/en/about-us/organisation/staff/single-view/ellen-damm.html 0000-0002-1487-1283 CH4 [nmol/l] Methane, natural logarithm ln(CH4) nmol methane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16183 natural logarithm Amount of Substance N http://dbpedia.org/resource/Amount_of_substance Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer (CRDS), PICARRO, G2132-i Damm Ellen ellen.damm@awi.de https://www.awi.de/en/about-us/organisation/staff/single-view/ellen-damm.html 0000-0002-1487-1283 ln(CH4) [nmol] Methane solubility concentration MSC nmol/l Molar Concentration Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer (CRDS), PICARRO, G2132-i Damm Ellen ellen.damm@awi.de https://www.awi.de/en/about-us/organisation/staff/single-view/ellen-damm.html 0000-0002-1487-1283 MSC [nmol/l] Methane saturation CH4 sat % Dimensionless Ratio ψ Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer (CRDS), PICARRO, G2132-i Damm Ellen ellen.damm@awi.de https://www.awi.de/en/about-us/organisation/staff/single-view/ellen-damm.html 0000-0002-1487-1283 CH4 sat [%] δ13C, methane δ13C CH4 ‰ PDB δ13C http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes methane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16183 Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer (CRDS), PICARRO, G2132-i Damm Ellen ellen.damm@awi.de https://www.awi.de/en/about-us/organisation/staff/single-view/ellen-damm.html 0000-0002-1487-1283 δ13C CH4 [‰ PDB] pH pH Spectrophotometry, CONTROS HydroFIA pH Abrahamsson Katarina katarina.abrahamsson@gu.se pH CurationLevelC Enhanced curation https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels ProcLevel3 PANGAEA data processing level 3 https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Processing_levels#PANGAEA_data_processing_level_3 citable Baltic Sea Methane concentration Methane isotopy Methane leakage author104016 author104017 author104019 author104020 author104021 author107243 author32417 author518 author780 author78675 author87447 author87448 author88173 award2927 basis5458 campaign3378979 campaign50154 curlevel30 event3107501 event3107502 event3107503 event3107504 event3107505 event3107506 event3107507 event3107508 event3107509 event3107510 event3107511 event3107512 event3107513 event3107514 event3107515 event3107516 event3107517 event3107518 event3107519 event3107520 funder20492 geocode1599 geocode1600 geocode1601 geocode1619 inst20492 inst21044 journal16727 journal8310 license21 method10617 method10923 method16304 method5323 param102005 param134207 param155686 param161814 param190368 param2137 param2264 param29869 param4564 param527768 param59344 param6390 param7056 param715 param716 param717 param754 param764 pi104016 pi32417 pi518 pi780 proclevel40 ref111906 ref124033 refds964676 term1073089 term1073131 term1073620 term1074077 term2299371 term2300659 term2606205 term2663525 term2698012 term38494 term40967 term43762 term43792 term43794 term43821 term43834 term43863 term43927 term43972 term43975 term43980 term44006 term44030 term51226 term53560 term67626 term67786 term68026