Ling, T H; Manheim, Frank T (2023): Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from KK84-04-28 and KK84-08-24 expeditions stations [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.962202
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Published: 2023-09-21 • DOI registered: 2023-09-21
Abstract:
The dredges and cores described in this report were taken on KK84-04-28 and KK84-08-24 expeditions in June-August 1984 by the Hawaii University (HIG) from, the R/V Kana Keoki. A total of 51 dredges and 2 cores were recovered and are available at The University of Hawaii (HIG) for sampling and study. The dredge sites are all in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Archipelago seamounts. The KK84 cores are here briefly described to identify visually distinct units holding Fe-Mn deposits based on lithology, color, texture, or other characteristic unique to an interval of sediment.
Related to:
Analytical Services Company (2023): Ferromanganese crust chemical analyses. Samples from KK84 cruise from R/V Kana Keoki [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.962203
Manheim, Frank T; Lane-Bostwick, C M (1989): Chemical composition of ferromanganese crusts in the world ocean: A review and comprehensive database. U.S. Geological Survey, 89–020, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8920V.1.1
Source:
Grant, John Bruce; Moore, Carla J; Alameddin, George; Chen, Kuiying; Barton, Mark (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V52Z13FT
References:
Friesen, W B (1987): Preliminary petrology of igneous and sedimentary rocks recovered from Central Pacific seamounts. U.S. Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87640
Further details:
Warnken, Robin R; Virden, William T; Moore, Carla J (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Bibliography. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V53X84KN
Project(s):
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 25.521581 * Median Longitude: -167.370317 * South-bound Latitude: 18.711830 * West-bound Longitude: 179.035000 * North-bound Latitude: 29.879830 * East-bound Longitude: -157.007330
Date/Time Start: 1984-07-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1984-09-07T00:00:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.000 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.035 m
Event(s):
KK840428-PD6 (STA62 (KK84042805/62/PD6)) * Latitude: 29.167000 * Longitude: -174.067000 * Date/Time Start: 1984-07-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1984-07-27T00:00:00 * Elevation: -1425.0 m * Location: Pacific Ocean * Campaign: KK840428-05 * Basis: Kana Keoki * Method/Device: Dredge, pipe (DRG_P) * Comment: Date not known
KK840428-PD7 (STA63 (KK84 042805/63/PD7)) * Latitude: 29.185000 * Longitude: -174.010000 * Date/Time Start: 1984-07-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1984-07-27T00:00:00 * Elevation: -985.0 m * Location: Pacific Ocean * Campaign: KK840428-05 * Basis: Kana Keoki * Method/Device: Dredge, pipe (DRG_P) * Comment: Date not known
KK840428-PD8 (STA64 (KK84042805/64/PD8)) * Latitude: 29.106000 * Longitude: -174.020000 * Elevation: -1475.0 m * Location: Pacific Ocean * Campaign: KK840824-05 * Basis: Kana Keoki * Method/Device: Dredge, pipe (DRG_P)
Comment:
From 1983 until 1989 NOAA-NCEI compiled the NOAA-MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database from journal articles, technical reports and unpublished sources from other institutions. At the time it was the most extended data compilation on ferromanganese deposits world wide. Initially published in a proprietary format incompatible with present day standards it was jointly decided by AWI and NOAA to transcribe this legacy data into PANGAEA. This transfer is augmented by a careful checking of the original sources when available and the encoding of ancillary information (sample description, method of analysis...) not present in the NOAA-MMS database.
This dataset represents the digitized Appendix A - pp. 1-61 of Manheim, FT & Lane-Bostwick, CM (1989). As it is indicated in Chapter 3, Archive Collections, the description of the samples has been done by T. H. Ling and F. T. Manheim. The description is also corroborated by the other USGS Report from Friesen, WB (1987).
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | Ling, T H | |||
| 2 | Latitude of event | Latitude | Ling, T H | |||
| 3 | Longitude of event | Longitude | Ling, T H | |||
| 4 | Elevation of event | Elevation | m | Ling, T H | ||
| 5 | Identification | ID | Ling, T H | Observation identification code | ||
| 6 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | Ling, T H | Geocode | |
| 7 | Position | Position | Ling, T H | |||
| 8 | Deposit type | Deposit type | Ling, T H | |||
| 9 | Quantity of deposit | Quantity | Ling, T H | |||
| 10 | Size | Size | Ling, T H | |||
| 11 | Substrate type | Substrate | Ling, T H | |||
| 12 | Sediment type | Sediment | Ling, T H | |||
| 13 | Comment | Comment | Ling, T H | Comment on geological context | ||
| 14 | Description | Description | Ling, T H |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
466 data points
Data
| 1 Event | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 Elevation [m] | 5 ID | 6 Depth sed [m] | 7 Position | 8 Deposit type | 9 Quantity | 10 Size | 11 Substrate | 12 Sediment | 13 Comment | 14 Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KK840428-RD22 | 29.8565 | 179.0855 | -2900 | KK840428-RD22-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | Up to 4.0 cm thick | Breccia; basalt,phosphorite,sandstone | Hardground | Large slab with several cm of crust on top and bottom Mn coated volcaniclastics around phosphate zeolites with yellow-brown clay and Fe oxides on slab. Also sandstone | Slab was double sided with Mn crusts on both sides (up to 4.0 cm) |
| KK840428-RD22 | 29.8565 | 179.0855 | -2900 | KK840428-RD22-2 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn staining | 1 | Coral | Hardground | Large slab with several cm of crust on top and bottom Mn coated volcaniclastics around phosphate zeolites with yellow-brown clay and Fe oxides on slab | One small branch of black coral stained with Mn | |
| KK840428-RD23 | 29.8798 | 179.0710 | -2250 | KK840428-RD23-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.8-3.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt,claystone | Hardground | Basalt fragments some with palagonite rinds and some with iron oxide stains. Volcaniclastic yellow striated cobbles (beach rock) and claystone | Mn coating on pebbles Mn inclusions inside beachrock and Mn botryoidal crust on basalt and claystone from 0.8 up to 3.0 cm thick |
| KK840428-RD24 | 29.8388 | 179.0350 | -2055 | KK840428-RD24-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 1.0-2.0 cm thick | Consolidated sediment | Hardground | Calcareous rocks formed of agglutinated Ca rich volcaniclastic accumulation and pebbles. Also small fragments of basalt and | Large volcaniclastic slabs with 1.0-2.0 cm thick botryoidal Mn crusts |
| KK840428-RD25 | 29.8198 | 179.0400 | -1781 | KK840428-RD25-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | Up to 8.0 cm thick | Rock; volcanics | Hardground | Volcaniclastic and pumice cobbles with minimal stains and Mn coatings | Several large slabs of volcaniclastic with botryoidal Mn crust of variable thickness up to 8.0 cm. |
| KK840428-RD27 | 29.6338 | 179.2992 | -1865 | KK840428-RD27-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 1.5-2.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt,limestone | Hardground | Basalt with altered hyaloclastite and limestone. Rock with a sponge and a calcareous worm like structure. A strange net like type of coral dirty grey in color the sponge and the worm | Mn crusts on older looking basalt with botryoidal Mn crust up 1.5-2.0 cm thick. Mn staining on limestone |
| KK840428-RD28 | 29.6685 | 179.2813 | -1300 | KK840428-RD28-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.5-2.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Large cobbles pillow basalt fragments | Encrusted with botryoidal Mn crust with thickness 0.5 to 2.0 cm |
| KK840428-RD29 | 28.9042 | -178.8565 | -1625 | KK840428-RD29-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | Up to 1.5 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Fairly fresh basalt | Mn botryoidal with thickness ~ 1.5 cm with some very thin |
| KK840428-RD30 | 28.8948 | -178.8693 | -1280 | KK840428-RD30-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.5-2.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Numerous basalt fragments with some highly altered. Pumice | Highly altered basalt with botryoidal Mn crusts 0.5- 2.0 cm thick |
| KK840428-RD32 | 28.8810 | -178.7777 | -2340 | KK840428-RD32-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | 1 | 0.7 cm thick | Rock; claystone,tuff | Hardground | Large cobbles of altered basalt with little or no Mn coating. Green lithified tuff with claystone and limestone | Lithified ash (tuff) or claystone with 0.7 cm Mn crust. Limestone with Mn staining |
| KK840428-RD33 | 28.7392 | -178.7847 | -3000 | KK840428-RD33-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | 1 | 0.9 cm thick | Rock; basalt,coral | Hardground | Basalt fragments and coral limestone stained with Mn | Mn crust botryoidal on top and granular on bottom |
| KK840428-RD34 | 29.1100 | -173.9690 | -1750 | KK840428-RD34-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.2-3.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Fresh basalt with volcaniclastics and altered basalt | Weathered basalt with botryoidal Mn crusts varying from a few mm to 3.0 cm |
| KK840428-RD35 | 29.2077 | -174.1055 | -2200 | KK840428-RD35-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 2.0-3.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Highly altered basalt slab and one piece of pumice | Mn crust fragments 2.0-3.0 cm thick with mostly laminar structure and slightly botryoidal |
| KK840428-PD6 | 29.1670 | -174.0670 | -1425 | KK840428-PD6-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | Up to 4.5 cm thick | Rock; basalt,volcanics | Hardground | Basalt and volcaniclastics | Mn crust fragments to 4.5 cm thick on basalts and volcaniclastics with 0-3.0 cm crust |
| KK840428-PD7 | 29.1850 | -174.0100 | -985 | KK840428-PD7-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn coating | Several | Cobble; volcanics | Hardground | Basalt fragments with one piece of volcaniclastic material | One Mn coated round cobble of volcaniclastic material | |
| KK840428-PD8 | 29.1060 | -174.0200 | -1475 | KK840428-PD8-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.5-1.5 cm thick | Rock; basalt,volcanics | Hardground | One basalt fragment and one volcaniclastic (altered hyaloclastite) | Basalt with botryoidal Mn coating 1.0-1.5 cm thick and volcaniclastic with 0.5-1.0 cm thick botryoidal Mn crust |
| KK840824-RC4 | 29.0620 | -174.0220 | -1150 | KK840824-RC4-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | 1 | 10.0-11.0 cm thick | Mn crust 10.0-11.0 cm thick | |||
| KK840428-RD39 | 25.9285 | -167.7243 | -3250 | KK840428-RD39-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.5-2.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Altered basalt with hyaloclastite and vesiculated and tuffaceous matter | With 0.5-2.0 cm of botryoidal Mn crust. Fresh basalt stained or coated with little Mn. Some granular Mn deposits |
| KK840428-RD40 | 25.9053 | -167.7608 | -2125 | KK840428-RD40-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.5-3.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Altered basalt fragments with foraminifera coating | 0.5-3.0 cm Mn crust not botryoidal very smooth following rock substrate contour |
| KK840428-PD10 | 25.7830 | -167.7330 | -1600 | KK840428-PD10-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | 1 | Up to 8.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Three limestone fragments and two basalt specimens | Limestone fragments stained with Mn and basalt with botryoidal Mn crust up to 8.0 cm |
| KK840428-PD11 | 25.4890 | -168.6720 | -1200 | KK840428-PD11-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 2.0 cm thick | Botryoidal crust fragments 2 cm thick on one centimeter of substrate | |||
| KK840428-PD12 | 25.4540 | -168.6830 | -1115 | KK840428-PD12-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | Rock; limestone | Hardground | Limestone calcareous concretions | Nodular concentric slabs with Botryoidal Mn crust and staining on concretions | |
| KK840428-PD18 | 24.3220 | -168.0830 | -1225 | KK840428-PD18-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn coating | Several | 0.2-0.4 cm thick | Rock; mudstone | Hardground | Mudstone | Primarily Mn encrusted mudstones and Mn crust fragments |
| KK840824-RD43 | 18.7118 | -157.0773 | -1410 | KK840824-RD43-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn coating | Several | 0.03 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Mostly basalt cobbles with some calcareous beachrock and mudstone | Most cobbles covered by thin veneer of Mn crust to several mm thick. Thicker on calcareous breccia |
| KK840824-RD44 | 19.2918 | -157.1758 | -2350 | KK840824-RD44-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn coating | Several | 0.03 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Altered vesicular basaltic pillow fragments some with zeolite and/or calcite ambigules | Most rocks covered with patchy veneer of Mn-crust to several mm thick |
| KK840824-RD45 | 19.2357 | -157.1722 | -3000 | KK840824-RD45-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-10.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Moderately to highly altered basaltic pillow fragments. Somewhat vesicular aphyric to plagioclase olivine and sparsely pyroxene-phyric. One piece limestone | Mn crust ranges from 0.1 cm thick to one pillow fragment with a 10.0 cm Mn crust |
| KK840824-RD46 | 19.4077 | -157.0803 | -3045 | KK840824-RD46-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.2-3.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt,mudstone | Hardground | Mostly moderately to highly altered variably vesiculated olivine-phyric basaltic pillow fragments. Some hyaloclastite breccia cemented variously with Mn-crust mudstone and phosphorite replacing limestone | Mn crust ranges from a thin veneer 0-0.2 cm thick to 3.0 cm thick |
| KK840824-RD47 | 19.4788 | -157.0497 | -2750 | KK840824-RD47-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-4.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt,volcanics | Hardground | Altered palagonite tuff hyaloclastite breccias and pillow basalts. Some limestone | Mn-crust layers from mere staining up to 4.0 cm. hyaloclastic breccia cemented with Mn crust or calcite |
| KK840824-RD48 | 19.3378 | -158.3698 | -2675 | KK840824-RD48-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | Up to 1.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Two pieces of microvesicular basalt pillow moderately altered with olivine plagioclase and sparsely pyroxene-microphyric. One breccia piece of highly altered pillow rims and mudstone | Breccia covered with Mn crust to more than 1.0 cm thick. Otherwise, Mn-crust ranged from veneer (0.1 cm) to more than 1.0 cm. Median 0.5-1.0 cm |
| KK840824-RD49 | 19.3603 | -157.0073 | -1875 | KK840824-RD49-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | Up to 1.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Boulder and cobbles of vesicular alkalic basalt (hawaiite?) with vesicles ~ 20% filled with phosphorite covered partially with adhering hyaloclastite | Covered with Mn crust up to more than 1.0 cm thick |
| KK840824-RD50 | 25.9435 | -159.8782 | -2560 | KK840824-RD50-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.5-8.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt,volcanics,limestone | Hardground | Altered basalt substrate with hyaloclastite and phosphatised limestone (francolite) | Fe-Mn crust up to 5.0-8.0 cm thick. Sometimes forming a pseudo-nodule around very little substrate |
| KK840824-RD51 | 25.9508 | -159.9142 | -3500 | KK840824-RD51-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.5-2.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt,volcanics | Hardground | Altered hyaloclastite breccia and altered basalts | All covered with Fe-Mn coatings from 0.5 cm up to 2.0 cm thick |
| KK840824-RD52 | 25.9463 | -159.9027 | -2940 | KK840824-RD52-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-3.5 cm thick | Rock; basalt,volcanics | Hardground | Altered tuffaceous sandstone to altered palagonite tuff breccia and two samples of altered vesicular basalt | All samples with Fe-Mn crust coverage from 0.1 cm up to 0.5 cm thick |
| KK840824-RD53 | 25.7282 | -160.2012 | -2600 | KK840824-RD53-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-4.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt,volcanics | Hardground | Mostly altered hyaloclastite breccia and rare altered basalt fragments | All covered with thin granular and porous Fe-Mn crusts from 0.1 cm up to 1.0 cm |
| KK840824-RD54 | 25.6845 | -160.1803 | -2810 | KK840824-RD54-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-2.5 cm thick | Rock; basalt,volcanics | Hardground | Altered fine-grained basalt to altered hyaloclastite sandstone | All with Fe-Mn crusts from 0.1 cm up to 2.5 cm |
| KK840824-RD55 | 25.1350 | -162.0272 | -2800 | KK840824-RD55-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.4-2.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt,volcanics | Hardground | 6 rocks of relatively massive basalt moderately to highly altered with plagioclase altered olivine and sparsely pyroxene-phyric | Mn crust from 0.4 cm to 2 cm |
| KK840824-RD57 | 25.3027 | -162.0940 | -3360 | KK840824-RD57-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-2.5 cm thick | Rock; basalt,volcanics | Hardground | Altered vesicular basalt with plagioclase phenocrysts (pillow basalt fragments) to altered hyaloclastite breccia and basalt conglomerate to highly burrowed mudstone | All but one with Fe-Mn crusts with thickness from 9.1 cm up to 2.5 cm |
| KK840824-RD58 | 25.2763 | -162.0675 | -3000 | KK840824-RD58-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-4.25 cm thick | Rock; mudstone,volcanics | Hardground | Slightly altered vesicular and massive basalt altered hyaloclastite breccia altered hyaloclastite basalt conglomerate altered tuff breccia brown calcareous mudstone | All samples had some Fe-Mn crust from 0.1 cm up to 1.5 cm and more |
| KK840824-RC8 | 25.1350 | -162.0100 | -2175 | KK840824-RC8-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn nodule | 1 | 0.7-3.0 cm | Clay | 5 Mn nodules 0.7-3.0 cm in diameter | ||
| KK840824-RC8 | 25.1350 | -162.0100 | -2175 | KK840824-RC8-2 | 0.035 | Buried | Mn crust | 1 | 0.5 cm thick | Consolidated sediment | Clay | White indurated calcareous 'sediment ' | With >= 0.5 cm Mn crust |
| KK840824-RD60 | 25.2595 | -162.0457 | -2260 | KK840824-RD60-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.5-3.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Substrate ranges from slightly altered massive basalt to altered vesicular basalt altered hyaloclastite breccia with coral (?) debris and carbonate cement mixed with pelagic sediment | All have Fe-Mn crusts ranging to 0.5-2.0 cm in thickness. Mn crust 0.5-3.0 cm cement mixed pelagic "sediment". Mn crust breccia and indurated |
| KK840824-RD62 | 25.0938 | -161.7277 | -2525 | KK840824-RD62-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-2.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt,volcanics | Hardground | Substrate ranges from highly altered volcaniclastic breccia to altered hyaloclastite breccia to indurated calcareous(?)-phosphatic (?) hyaloclastite sandstone to altered with highly altered vesicular basalt | All have some Fe-Mn crust from 0.1 cm up to 2.0 cm thick |
| KK840824-RD63 | 23.9877 | -164.4850 | -2025 | KK840824-RD63-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-1.25 cm thick | Consolidated sediment | Hardground | All indurated calcareous (?) sediment and homogenous brown calcareous sediment | With thin Fe-Mn coating from 0.1 cm up to 1.25 cm thick |
| KK840824-RD64 | 23.9792 | -164.3633 | -2200 | KK840824-RD64-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-1.0 cm thick | Consolidated sediment | Clay | 9 samples predominately brown calcareous indurated sediment with evidence of bioturbation (large burrows open with Mn lining) | All samples have Fe-Mn from 0.1 cm up to 1.0 cm thick |
| KK840824-RD65 | 23.9863 | -164.3442 | -2635 | KK840824-RD65-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.2-1.3 cm thick | Consolidated sediment | Hardground | Substrate is largely brown indurated calcareous sediment with large open Mn-lined borrows but also is volcaniclastic conglomerate with cobbles of altered vesicular basalt | Fe-Mn crust from 0.2 cm up to 1.3 cm |
| KK840824-RD66 | 25.9800 | -164.3792 | -1225 | KK840824-RD66-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-3.75 cm thick | Breccia; basalt | Clay | Altered basalt breccia with Fe oxide staining to volcaniclastic breccia with clasts of vesicular basalt and matrix of Mn crust to indurated brown calcareous clay | All with some Fe-Mn coating and Mn crust on basalt from 0.1 cm up to 3.75 cm |
| KK840824-RD67 | 23.9558 | -164.4145 | -1275 | KK840824-RD67-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-2.5 cm thick | Rock; basalt | Hardground | Substrate ranging from highly weathered basalt to altered hyaloclastite breccia to Fe-Mn and calcareous breccia to indurated calcareous sediment | All with Fe-Mn coating from 0.1 cm up to 2.5 cm |
| KK840824-RD68 | 23.9153 | -164.4085 | -810 | KK840824-RD68-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn crust | Several | 0.1-2.0 cm thick | Rock; sandstone | Hardground | Substrate is predominately reddish-brown beachrock indurated calcareous silt-sandstone with burrowing and solution features. Minor white calcareous foraminifera sandstone semi-consolidated | Fe-Mn crust thickness from 0.1 cm up to 2.0 cm |
| KK840824-RD70 | 23.8040 | -164.5105 | -405 | KK840824-RD70-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn coating | Several | Up to 0.5 cm thick | Rock; sandstone | Hardground | Substrate is predominately red highly-indurated calcareous silt-sandstone with evidence of bioturbation (burrowing) | Substantial Fe-Mn coating up to 0.5 cm thick |
| KK840824-RD71 | 23.7773 | -164.6195 | -695 | KK840824-RD71-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn coating | Several | Up to 0.5 cm thick | Rock; limestone | Hardground | Substrate is predominately coralline limestone with burrowing Mn-lined | Rather rare Fe-Mn crust up to 0.5 cm thick |
| KK840824-RD72 | 23.7425 | -164.2430 | -2600 | KK840824-RD72-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn coating | Several | 0.1 cm thick | Consolidated sediment | Hardground | Substrate is predominately greenish-brown indurated calcareous sediment (mudstone) with Mn-lined burrows | All have Fe-Mn coatings about 0.1 cm thick |
| KK840824-RD75 | 23.6807 | -164.8963 | -1650 | KK840824-RD75-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn coating | Several | 0.2-1.0 cm thick | Rock; basalt and Consolidated sediment | Clay | Substrates range from altered hyaloclastite breccia with moderately altered basalt clasts to grey-brown indurated calcareous clay with Mn-lined burrows | All samples have Fe-Mn crusts from 0.2 cm to 1.0 cm |
| KK840824-RD76 | 23.6762 | -164.9153 | -920 | KK840824-RD76-1 | 0.000 | Surface | Mn coating | Several | Up to 0.2 cm thick | Rock; limestone | Hardground | Substrate mostly is beachrock laminated limestone with burrowing and some solution features | Fe-Mn coatings up to 0.2 cm thick |