<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><md:MetaData xmlns:md="http://www.pangaea.de/MetaData" version="2026-04-13">
<md:citation id="dataset960335">
<md:author id="dataset.author21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:author>
<md:author id="dataset.author100426">
<md:lastName>Nakanishi</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Keita</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="dataset.author69553">
<md:lastName>Yamada</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Masatoshi</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:year>2023</md:year>
<md:title>Concentration of Th isotopes for manganese nodules at various levels of their external manganese rich layers</md:title>
<md:type id="dataset.reftype10" includeInCitation="true">dataset</md:type>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.960335</md:URI>
<md:dateTime>2023-07-11T09:31:12</md:dateTime>
</md:citation>
<md:abstract>The nodules used in this study were collected from two cruises in the western North Pacific by box coring (KH-79-4) and dredging (GH-78-1). After being dried at 110°C each sample extracted from the top, side and bottom of the nodule at various penetration levels were radiochemically analyzed for their Thorium isotopes contents by digesting about 100mg of a nodule sample without application of the successive separation treatment. Thorium in the solution was purified with an anion exchange resin and chemical separation techniques, and electrodeposited onto a silver disc from a hydrochloric acid and ethanol solution. The alpha activities of 228Th, 230Th and 232Th were counted with a spectrometer equipped with a surface barrier silicon detector. The chemical yield was determined by counting the 0 activity of 234Th added before the analysis. The yield ranged from 80 to 95%.</md:abstract>
<md:reference dataciteRelType="References" group="210" id="ref119145" relationType="Related to" relationTypeId="12">
<md:author id="ref119145.author21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref119145.author100426">
<md:lastName>Nakanishi</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Keita</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref119145.author69553">
<md:lastName>Yamada</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Masatoshi</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:year>1982</md:year>
<md:title>Effect of diagenetically remobilized metals on regional difference in manganese nodules</md:title>
<md:source id="ref119145.journal6004" relatedTermIds="33971" type="journal">Geochemical Journal</md:source>
<md:volume>16(4)</md:volume>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.16.199</md:URI>
<md:pages>199-212</md:pages>
</md:reference>
<md:reference dataciteRelType="IsDerivedFrom" group="300" id="ref67195" relationType="Source" relationTypeId="16">
<md:author id="ref67195.author53898">
<md:lastName>Grant</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>John Bruce</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref67195.author568">
<md:lastName>Moore</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Carla J</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>carla.j.moore@noaa.gov</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-2610-8648</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref67195.author53899">
<md:lastName>Alameddin</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>George</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref67195.author53900">
<md:lastName>Chen</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Kuiying</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref67195.author53901">
<md:lastName>Barton</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Mark</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:year>1992</md:year>
<md:title>The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database</md:title>
<md:source>National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA</md:source>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.7289/V52Z13FT</md:URI>
</md:reference>
<md:reference dataciteRelType="IsDocumentedBy" group="640" id="ref67263" relationType="Further details" relationTypeId="17">
<md:author id="ref67263.author21391">
<md:lastName>Warnken</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Robin R</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>rrw@luna.ngdc.noaa.gov</md:eMail>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref67263.author53916">
<md:lastName>Virden</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>William T</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref67263.author568">
<md:lastName>Moore</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Carla J</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>carla.j.moore@noaa.gov</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-2610-8648</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:year>1992</md:year>
<md:title>The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Bibliography</md:title>
<md:source>National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA</md:source>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.7289/V53X84KN</md:URI>
</md:reference>
<md:extent>
<md:geographic>
<md:westBoundLongitude>158.55</md:westBoundLongitude>
<md:eastBoundLongitude>176.95</md:eastBoundLongitude>
<md:southBoundLatitude>8.001</md:southBoundLatitude>
<md:northBoundLatitude>20.0167</md:northBoundLatitude>
<md:meanLongitude>168.01285714285706</md:meanLongitude>
<md:meanLatitude>13.837197142857134</md:meanLatitude>
</md:geographic>
<md:temporal>
<md:minDateTime>1978-01-19T00:00:00</md:minDateTime>
<md:maxDateTime>1979-11-01T00:00:00</md:maxDateTime>
</md:temporal>
<md:elevation name="Elevation" unit="m">
<md:min>-5560.0</md:min>
<md:max>-5174.0</md:max>
</md:elevation>
<md:topoType id="topotype2">point</md:topoType>
</md:extent>
<md:project id="project4198" type="International">
<md:label>NOAA-MMS</md:label>
<md:name>NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database</md:name>
<md:URI>https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/NOAA-MMS</md:URI>
</md:project>
<md:event displayTypeName="Event" id="event3064411" typeName="Generic Event">
<md:label>GH78-1-FG73-1</md:label>
<md:optionalLabel>Station 1036</md:optionalLabel>
<md:latitude>8.001</md:latitude>
<md:longitude>176.95</md:longitude>
<md:location id="event3064411.loc1.term20898">
<md:name>Pacific Ocean</md:name>
</md:location>
<md:elevation>-5174.0</md:elevation>
<md:dateTime>1978-01-19T00:00:00</md:dateTime>
<md:campaign displayTypeName="Campaign" id="event3064411.campaign3374367" legacyId="event3064411.campaign49541" typeName="Generic Campaign">
<md:label>GH78-1</md:label>
<md:name warning="deprecated">GH78-1</md:name>
<md:URI>https://www.gsj.jp/en/publications/cruise-rep/cruise17.html</md:URI>
<md:dateTime>1978-01-07T00:00:00</md:dateTime>
<md:start warning="deprecated">1978-01-07</md:start>
<md:dateTime2>1978-03-07T00:00:00</md:dateTime2>
<md:end warning="deprecated">1978-03-07</md:end>
<md:basis id="event3064411.campaign3374367.basis4021">
<md:name>Hakurei-Maru (1974)</md:name>
<md:URI>https://www.jodc.go.jp/JGOFS_DMO/testpage/Ships/Hakurei.htm</md:URI>
</md:basis>
<md:responsible>Moritani, Tomoyuki</md:responsible>
<md:chiefScientist warning="deprecated">Moritani, Tomoyuki</md:chiefScientist>
</md:campaign>
<md:basis id="event3064411.basis4021">
<md:name>Hakurei-Maru (1974)</md:name>
<md:URI>https://www.jodc.go.jp/JGOFS_DMO/testpage/Ships/Hakurei.htm</md:URI>
</md:basis>
<md:method id="event3064411.method11098">
<md:name>Grab</md:name>
<md:optionalName>GRAB</md:optionalName>
</md:method>
</md:event>
<md:event displayTypeName="Event" id="event3064410" typeName="Generic Event">
<md:label>KH-79-4-22</md:label>
<md:optionalLabel>Station 22</md:optionalLabel>
<md:latitude>20.0167</md:latitude>
<md:longitude>158.55</md:longitude>
<md:location id="event3064410.loc1.term20898">
<md:name>Pacific Ocean</md:name>
</md:location>
<md:elevation>-5560.0</md:elevation>
<md:dateTime>1979-11-01T00:00:00</md:dateTime>
<md:campaign displayTypeName="Campaign" id="event3064410.campaign3374385" legacyId="event3064410.campaign49542" typeName="Generic Campaign">
<md:label>KH-79-4</md:label>
<md:name warning="deprecated">KH-79-4</md:name>
<md:dateTime>1979-11-01T00:00:00</md:dateTime>
<md:start warning="deprecated">1979-11-01</md:start>
<md:dateTime2>1979-11-01T00:00:00</md:dateTime2>
<md:end warning="deprecated">1979-11-01</md:end>
<md:basis id="event3064410.campaign3374385.basis235">
<md:name>Hakuho-Maru</md:name>
<md:URI>https://www.jamstec.go.jp/e/about/equipment/ships/hakuhomaru.html</md:URI>
</md:basis>
</md:campaign>
<md:basis id="event3064410.basis235">
<md:name>Hakuho-Maru</md:name>
<md:URI>https://www.jamstec.go.jp/e/about/equipment/ships/hakuhomaru.html</md:URI>
</md:basis>
<md:method id="event3064410.method10832">
<md:name>Box corer</md:name>
<md:optionalName>BC</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_corer</md:URI>
</md:method>
</md:event>
<md:size unit="data points">399</md:size>
<md:license id="license21">
<md:label>CC-BY-4.0</md:label>
<md:name>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</md:name>
<md:URI>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</md:URI>
</md:license>
<md:comment>From 1983 until 1989 NOAA-NCEI compiled the NOAA-MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database from journal articles, technical reports and unpublished sources from other institutions. At the time it was the most extended data compilation on ferromanganese deposits world wide. Initially published in a proprietary format incompatible with present day standards it was jointly decided by AWI and NOAA to transcribe this legacy data into PANGAEA. This transfer is augmented by a careful checking of the original sources when available and the encoding of ancillary information (sample description, method of analysis...) not present in the NOAA-MMS database.
This dataset represents the digitized Table 3 (pp. 206) of the related publication.</md:comment>
<md:matrixColumn behaviour="7" col="0" id="col0.ds14928626" source="event" type="string">
<md:parameter id="col0.ds14928626.geocode500000">
<md:name>Event label</md:name>
<md:shortName>Event</md:shortName>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col0.ds14928626.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>Event</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn behaviour="2" col="1" format="0.0000" id="col1.ds14928627" source="geocode" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col1.ds14928627.geocode1600">
<md:name>LATITUDE</md:name>
<md:shortName>Latitude</md:shortName>
<md:URI>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709</md:URI>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col1.ds14928627.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>Latitude</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn behaviour="3" col="2" format="0.00" id="col2.ds14928628" source="geocode" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col2.ds14928628.geocode1601">
<md:name>LONGITUDE</md:name>
<md:shortName>Longitude</md:shortName>
<md:URI>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709</md:URI>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col2.ds14928628.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>Longitude</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn behaviour="1" col="3" format="0" id="col3.ds14928629" source="geocode" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col3.ds14928629.geocode8128">
<md:name>ELEVATION</md:name>
<md:shortName>Elevation</md:shortName>
<md:unit>m a.s.l.</md:unit>
<md:URI>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation</md:URI>
<md:term endOffset="9" fragment="1" id="col3.ds14928629.geocode8128.term1073934" semanticURI="urn:obo:pato:term:0001687" startOffset="0" terminologyId="14" terminologyLabel="PATO">
<md:name>elevation</md:name>
<md:URI>http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001687</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col3.ds14928629.geocode8128.term43863" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#Length" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Length</md:name>
<md:optionalName>L</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://dbpedia.org/resource/Length</md:URI>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col3.ds14928629.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>Elevation [m a.s.l.]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="4" id="col4.ds14928630" source="data" type="string">
<md:parameter id="col4.ds14928630.param7056">
<md:name>Identification</md:name>
<md:shortName>ID</md:shortName>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col4.ds14928630.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>ID</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="5" id="col5.ds14928631" source="data" type="string">
<md:parameter id="col5.ds14928631.param144749">
<md:name>Deposit type</md:name>
<md:shortName>Deposit type</md:shortName>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col5.ds14928631.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>Deposit type</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn behaviour="1" col="6" format="0" id="col6.ds14928632" source="geocode" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col6.ds14928632.geocode1">
<md:name>DEPTH, sediment/rock</md:name>
<md:shortName>Depth sed</md:shortName>
<md:unit>m</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="5" fragment="1" id="col6.ds14928632.geocode1.term1073131" semanticURI="urn:obo:pato:term:0001595" startOffset="0" terminologyId="14" terminologyLabel="PATO">
<md:name>depth</md:name>
<md:URI>http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001595</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="15" fragment="2" id="col6.ds14928632.geocode1.term38263" startOffset="7" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>sediment</md:name>
<md:URI>http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002007</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="20" fragment="3" id="col6.ds14928632.geocode1.term41056" startOffset="16" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>rock</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col6.ds14928632.geocode1.term43863" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#Length" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Length</md:name>
<md:optionalName>L</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://dbpedia.org/resource/Length</md:URI>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col6.ds14928632.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>Depth sed [m]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="7" id="col7.ds14928633" source="data" type="string">
<md:parameter id="col7.ds14928633.param7059">
<md:name>Sample type</md:name>
<md:shortName>Samp type</md:shortName>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col7.ds14928633.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:comment>Part analysed</md:comment>
<md:caption>Samp type</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="8" format="0.000" id="col8.ds14928634" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col8.ds14928634.param171658">
<md:name>Distance</md:name>
<md:shortName>Dist</md:shortName>
<md:unit>mm</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="8" fragment="1" id="col8.ds14928634.param171658.term1073628" semanticURI="urn:obo:pato:term:0000040" startOffset="0" terminologyId="14" terminologyLabel="PATO">
<md:name>distance</md:name>
<md:URI>http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000040</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col8.ds14928634.param171658.term43863" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#Length" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Length</md:name>
<md:optionalName>L</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://dbpedia.org/resource/Length</md:URI>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col8.ds14928634.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>Dist [mm]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="9" format="0.00" id="col9.ds14928635" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col9.ds14928635.param144378">
<md:name>Distance, minimum</md:name>
<md:shortName>Dist min</md:shortName>
<md:unit>mm</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="8" fragment="1" id="col9.ds14928635.param144378.term1073628" semanticURI="urn:obo:pato:term:0000040" startOffset="0" terminologyId="14" terminologyLabel="PATO">
<md:name>distance</md:name>
<md:URI>http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000040</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="17" fragment="2" id="col9.ds14928635.param144378.term41019" startOffset="10" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>minimum</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col9.ds14928635.param144378.term43863" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#Length" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Length</md:name>
<md:optionalName>L</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://dbpedia.org/resource/Length</md:URI>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col9.ds14928635.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>Dist min [mm]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="10" format="0.00" id="col10.ds14928636" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col10.ds14928636.param144379">
<md:name>Distance, maximum</md:name>
<md:shortName>Dist max</md:shortName>
<md:unit>mm</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="8" fragment="1" id="col10.ds14928636.param144379.term1073628" semanticURI="urn:obo:pato:term:0000040" startOffset="0" terminologyId="14" terminologyLabel="PATO">
<md:name>distance</md:name>
<md:URI>http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000040</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="17" fragment="2" id="col10.ds14928636.param144379.term38492" startOffset="10" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>maximum</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col10.ds14928636.param144379.term43863" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#Length" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Length</md:name>
<md:optionalName>L</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://dbpedia.org/resource/Length</md:URI>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col10.ds14928636.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>Dist max [mm]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="11" format="0.00" id="col11.ds14928637" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col11.ds14928637.param1553">
<md:name>Thorium-230</md:name>
<md:shortName>230Th</md:shortName>
<md:unit>dpm/g</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="11" fragment="1" id="col11.ds14928637.param1553.term40009" startOffset="0" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>thorium-230</md:name>
<md:optionalName>230Th</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_thorium#Thorium-230</md:URI>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col11.ds14928637.method57">
<md:name>Alpha spectrometry</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col11.ds14928637.pi21495">
<md:lastName>Tsunogai</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Shizuo</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>mag-hu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp</md:eMail>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>230Th [dpm/g]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="12" format="0.00" id="col12.ds14928638" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col12.ds14928638.param1554">
<md:name>Thorium-230, standard deviation</md:name>
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