Citation:

PANGAEA.959783

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and food chain transfer of Polonium between primary producers and consumers
Published: 2023-06-16
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Acartia pacifica; Animalia; Arthropoda; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Euterpina acutifrons; Indian Ocean; Inorganic toxins; Laboratory experiment; Other studied parameter or process; Parvocalanus crassirostris; Pelagos; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton

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Abstract:

Phytoplankton and zooplankton are key marine components that play an important role in metal distribution through a food web transfer. An increased phytoplankton concentration as a result of ocean acidification and warming are well-established, along with the fact that phytoplankton biomagnify 210Po by 3–4 orders of magnitude compared to the seawater concentration. This experimental study is carried out to better understand the transfer of polonium between primary producers and consumers. The experimental produced data highlight the complex interaction between the polonium concentration in zooplankton food, i.e. phytoplankton, its excretion via defecated fecal pellets, and its bioaccumulation at ambient seawater pH and a lower pH of 7.7, typical of ocean acidification scenarios in the open ocean. The mass of copepods recovered was 11% less: 7.7 pH compared to 8.2. The effects of copepod species (n = 3), microalgae species (n = 3), pH (n = 2), and time (n = 4) on the polonium activity in the fecal pellets (expressed as % of the total activity introduced through feeding) was tested using an ANOVA 4. With the exception of time (model: F20, 215 = 176.84, p < 0.001; time: F3 = 1.76, p = 0.16), all tested parameters had an impact on the polonium activity (copepod species: F2 = 169.15, p < 0.0001; algae species: F2 = 10.21, p < 0.0001; pH: F1 = 9.85, p = 0.002) with complex interactions (copepod x algae: F2 = 19.48, p < 0.0001; copepod x pH: F2 = 10.54, p < 0.0001; algae x pH: F2 = 4.87, p = 0.009). The experimental data underpin the hypothesis that metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation will be enhanced in secondary consumers such as crustacean zooplankton due to ocean acidification.

Keyword(s):

Acartia pacifica; Animalia; Arthropoda; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Euterpina acutifrons; Indian Ocean; Inorganic toxins; Laboratory experiment; Other studied parameter or process; Parvocalanus crassirostris; Pelagos; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton

Supplement to:

Behbehani, Montaha; Uddin, Saif; Dupont, Sam; Fowler, Scott W; Gorgun, Aysun U; Al-Enezi, Yousef; Al-Musallam, Lamya; Kumar, Vanitha V; Faizuddin, Mohammad (2022): Ocean Acidification-Mediated Food Chain Transfer of Polonium between Primary Producers and Consumers. Toxics, 11(1), 14, https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010014

Documentation:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2022): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2022) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2023-06-15.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type of study	Study type		Uddin, Saif
2	Species	Species		Uddin, Saif
3	Species	Species		Uddin, Saif		radiolabeled food
4	Treatment	Treat		Uddin, Saif
5	Category	Cat		Uddin, Saif
6	Time in hours	Time	h	Uddin, Saif
7	Mass	Mass	g	Uddin, Saif
8	Polonium-209, activity	209Po act	mBq	Uddin, Saif
9	Polonium-209, activity per mass	209Po/mass	Bq/g	Uddin, Saif
10	Volume	Vol	ml	Uddin, Saif
11	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Uddin, Saif
12	pH	pH		Uddin, Saif		total scale
13	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Uddin, Saif
14	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Uddin, Saif
15	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Uddin, Saif
16	Salinity	Sal		Uddin, Saif
17	Salinity, standard error	Sal std e	±	Uddin, Saif
18	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Uddin, Saif	Calculated using CO2SYS
19	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Uddin, Saif	Calculated using CO2SYS
20	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

3798 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Study type	2 Species	3 Species (radiolabeled food)	4 Treat	5 Cat	6 Time [h]	7 Mass [g]	8 209Po act [mBq]	9 209Po/mass [Bq/g]	10 Vol [ml]	11 Temp [°C]	12 pH (total scale)	13 pH std e [±]	14 AT [µmol/kg]	15 AT std e [±]	16 Sal	17 Sal std e [±]	18 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	19 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	20 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0517	550.0	10.64		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0566	498.0	8.80		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0590	519.0	8.80		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0583	513.0	8.80		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Copepod	48	0.0038	34.0	8.95		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Water-microalgae	48		1213.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	sigma algal food added	48		3520.0		40	25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Loss	48		193.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0533	399.0	7.49		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0545	409.0	7.50		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0561	421.0	7.50		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0549	412.0	7.50		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Copepod	48	0.0040	36.4	9.10		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Water-microalgae	48		1176.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	sigma algal food added	48		3000.0		40	25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Loss	48		146.6			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0562	281.0	5.00		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0533	267.0	5.01		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0545	273.0	5.01		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0537	269.0	5.01		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Copepod	48	0.0039	19.5	5.00		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Water-microalgae	48		808.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	sigma algal food added	48		2000.0		40	25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Loss	48		82.5			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0721	634.0	8.79		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0688	605.0	8.79		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0730	642.0	8.79		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0710	625.0	8.80		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Copepod	48	0.0042	48.9	11.64		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Water-microalgae	48		807.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	sigma algal food added	48		3520.0		40	25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Loss	48		158.1			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0672	504.0	7.50		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0695	521.0	7.50		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0733	550.0	7.50		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0718	539.0	7.51		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Copepod	48	0.0039	43.8	11.23		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Water-microalgae	48		733.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	sigma algal food added	48		3000.0		40	25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Loss	48		109.2			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0727	364.0	5.02		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0698	349.0	5.00		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0709	355.0	5.01		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0731	366.0	5.01		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Copepod	48	0.0041	20.5	5.00		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Water-microalgae	48		439.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	sigma algal food added	48		2000.0		40	25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Loss	48		106.5			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0670	590.0	8.81		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0698	614.0	8.80		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0663	583.0	8.79		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0702	618.0	8.80		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Copepod	48	0.0040	41.0	10.25		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Water-microalgae	48		910.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	sigma algal food added	48		3520.0		40	25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 8.2	Loss	48		164.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0711	533.0	7.50		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0736	552.0	7.50		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0644	483.0	7.50		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0685	514.0	7.50		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Copepod	48	0.0038	38.5	10.13		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Water-microalgae	48		779.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	sigma algal food added	48		3000.0		40	25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 8.2	Loss	48		100.5			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0683	342.0	5.01		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0685	343.0	5.01		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0631	316.0	5.01		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0674	337.0	5.00		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Copepod	48	0.0040	22.0	5.50		25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Water-microalgae	48		551.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	sigma algal food added	48		2000.0		40	25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 8.2	Loss	48		89.0			25	8.20	0.01	2891	1	42	0	307	1.4	8	8.3	303.18	304.15	1953.09	388.12	2349.51	5.81	8.78
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0572	524.0	9.16		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0545	513.0	9.41		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0572	509.0	8.90		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0575	510.0	8.87		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Copepod	48	0.0043	39.0	9.07		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Water-microalgae	48		1268.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	sigma algal food added	48		3520.0		40	25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Loss	48		157.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0512	390.0	7.62		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0548	417.0	7.61		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0581	438.0	7.54		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0554	419.0	7.56		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Copepod	48	0.0046	40.8	8.87		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Water-microalgae	48		1147.2			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	sigma algal food added	48		3000.0		40	25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Loss	48		148.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0567	290.0	5.11		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0542	273.0	5.04		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0551	278.0	5.05		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0542	272.0	5.02		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Copepod	48	0.0045	22.9	5.09		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Water-microalgae	48		769.1			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	sigma algal food added	48		2000.0		40	25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Parvocalanus crassirostis	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Loss	48		95.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0689	612.0	8.88		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0693	610.0	8.80		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0707	623.0	8.81		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0698	621.0	8.90		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Copepod	48	0.0045	52.0	11.56		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Water-microalgae	48		869.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	sigma algal food added	48		3520.0		40	25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Loss	48		133.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0682	518.0	7.60		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0698	524.0	7.51		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0699	531.0	7.60		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0711	536.0	7.54		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Copepod	48	0.0043	49.1	11.42		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Water-microalgae	48		729.9			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	sigma algal food added	48		3000.0		40	25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Loss	48		112.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0722	361.0	5.00		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0703	354.0	5.04		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0709	358.0	5.05		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0725	364.0	5.02		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Copepod	48	0.0044	22.5	5.11		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Water-microalgae	48		440.8			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	sigma algal food added	48		2000.0		40	25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Euterpina acutifrons	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Loss	48		99.7			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0688	610.0	8.87		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0693	612.0	8.83		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0686	605.0	8.82		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0699	616.0	8.81		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Copepod	48	0.0047	51.0	10.85		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Water-microalgae	48		868.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	sigma algal food added	48		3520.0		40	25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Isochrysis galbana	pH 7.7	Loss	48		158.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0703	529.0	7.52		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0721	546.0	7.57		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0695	523.0	7.53		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0692	521.0	7.53		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Copepod	48	0.0045	46.0	10.22		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Water-microalgae	48		737.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	sigma algal food added	48		3000.0		40	25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Chaetoceros muelleri	pH 7.7	Loss	48		98.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	12	0.0691	348.0	5.04		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	24	0.0695	349.0	5.02		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	36	0.0688	346.0	5.03		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Fecal Pellet	48	0.0694	351.0	5.06		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Copepod	48	0.0044	25.0	5.68		25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Water-microalgae	48		507.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	sigma algal food added	48		2000.0		40	25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15
laboratory	Acartia pacifica	Dunaliella salina	pH 7.7	Loss	48		74.0			25	7.69	0.01	2610	1	42	1	1131	9.9	8	31.2	1139.78	1143.43	2269.04	139.34	2439.59	2.08	3.15