Sabbaghzadeh, Bita; Otto, Stefan; Rehder, Gregor (2023): Trace gases CH4, N2O, and CO2 measured on discrete water samples during Maria S. Merian cruise MSM105 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.959667

The high surface productivity triggered by nutrient-rich Benguela upwelled waters results in significant enrichment of organic carbon in the sub-surface waters due to enhanced mineralization in the water column and benthic fluxes. Hence, microbial oxygen-consuming processes are promoted, driving oxygen depletion that favours trace gas i.e. methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production at relatively shallow depths. Also, gas-rich subsurface waters are transported towards sea surface during upwelling, enhancing trace gas sea-air fluxes. Within the EVAR project, we investigate the variability of these fluxes on seasonal and shorter timescales to understand the intensity of the Benguela upwelling system as the source of the greenhouse gases relative to the atmosphere. The data might serve as a base for projections under a changing climate. The fieldwork took place during the cruise MSM105 (January 11th – February 23rd, 2022) onboard the R/V MARIA S. MERIAN, which encompassed close-coastal and open ocean regions between Mindelo (Cape Verde) and Walvis Bay. The working area of the cruise MSM105 was the Namibian shelf between 18°S and 27°S which are suggested to represent some regional hotspots of trace gas emissions to the atmosphere, in particular in the vicinity of the upwelling cells. Over 260 discrete water samples were collected from the Niskin bottles at different stations for the determination of dissolved CH4, N2O, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). 200ml seawater samples were fixed with 200 µL of saturated HgCl2 solution straight after sampling and dissolved trace gas was quantified in return. The dissolved gases were measured by an in-house designed purge and trap system with a dynamic headspace method back on land. In brief, a subsample is purged with an inert ultrapure carrier gas of Helium, and the gases are focused on a cryo-trap operated at about -120°C. The volatile compounds are desorbed by rapid heating and analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC; Agilent 7890B), equipped with capillary columns and a Deans Switch, which directed the components to the flamenionization detector for CH4 detection and electron capture detector ECD for N2O detection. To explore the carbonate system, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) was measured on board by an automated infra-red inorganic carbon analyzer (AIRICA, Marianda, Tulpenweg 28, D-24145 Kiel) equipped with an infrared detector LICOR 7000 (LI-COR Environmental – GmbH, Homburg, Germany. A 3-fold measurement of the pH was also carried out in 120 ml of discrete samples directly after sampling using the HydroFIA pH system (4H Jena Engineering, 24148 Kiel, Germany). We calculated the average pH value of the corresponding sample after Müller and Rehder (2018) and corresponding total alkalinity and pCO2 after Dickson et al. (2007).