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Huggett, Megan J; McMahon, Kathryn; Bernasconi, Rachele (2023): Seawater carbonate chemistry and photosystem II (PSII) function, bleaching of coralline alga Amphiroa gracilis and larval settlement ofthe sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.958998

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Abstract:
Coralline algae are a crucial component of reef systems, stabilising reef substrate, providing habitat and contributing to accretion. Coralline algae and their surface microbial biofilms are also important as settlement cues for marine invertebrates, yet few studies address the impact of future environmental conditions on interactions between coralline algae, reef microbes and settlement by larvae of marine invertebrates. We exposed the temperate coralline algal species Amphiroa gracilis to warming and/or acidification scenarios for 21 days. Algae became bleached but photosystem II (PSII) function was not measurably impacted. Settlement by larvae of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma was reduced and the structure of the prokaryotic community associated with A. gracilis was altered. Coralline algae in ambient conditions were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria from the Rhodobacteraceae including Loktonella; those under warming were dominated by Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia; acidification resulted in less Loktonella and more Planctomycetes; and a combination of warming and acidification caused increases in Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and the Alphaproteobacteria family Hyphomonadaceae. These experiments indicate that predicted future environmental change may reduce the ability of some temperate reef coralline algae and associated reef microbes to facilitate settlement of invertebrate larvae as well as having a direct impact to algae via bleaching.
Keyword(s):
Amphiroa gracilis; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Echinodermata; Entire community; Heliocidaris erythrogramma; Indian Ocean; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Other studied parameter or process; Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Reproduction; Rhodophyta; Single species; Soft-bottom community; Species interaction; Temperate; Temperature
Supplement to:
Huggett, Megan J; McMahon, Kathryn; Bernasconi, Rachele (2018): Future warming and acidification result in multiple ecological impacts to a temperate coralline alga. Environmental Microbiology, 20(8), 2769-2782, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.14113
Documentation:
Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2022): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html
Coverage:
Latitude: -31.685600 * Longitude: 115.698300
Date/Time Start: 2013-11-25T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2013-11-25T00:00:00
Event(s):
Mindarie_Keys * Latitude: -31.685600 * Longitude: 115.698300 * Date/Time: 2013-11-25T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2022) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2023-05-15.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Type of studyStudy typeHuggett, Megan J
SpeciesSpeciesHuggett, Megan J
Time point, descriptiveTime pointHuggett, Megan J
TreatmentTreatHuggett, Megan J
Maximal electron transport rate, relativerETR maxHuggett, Megan J
Light saturationEkµmol/m2/sHuggett, Megan J
IdentificationIDHuggett, Megan JTank
PercentagePerc%Huggett, Megan JHealthy tissue
PercentagePerc%Huggett, Megan JFaded tissue
10 PercentagePerc%Huggett, Megan JBleached tissue
11 PercentagePerc%Huggett, Megan Jimpacted tissues
12 IdentificationIDHuggett, Megan JTreatment
13 Metamorphosed, larvaeMetamorph larv%Huggett, Megan J
14 Temperature, waterTemp°CHuggett, Megan J
15 Temperature, water, standard errorT std e±Huggett, Megan J
16 pHpHHuggett, Megan Jtotal scale
17 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmHuggett, Megan JCalculated using CO2SYS
18 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard errorpCO2water_SST_wet std e±Huggett, Megan JCalculated using CO2SYS
19 Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgHuggett, Megan JPotentiometric titration
20 Alkalinity, total, standard errorAT std e±Huggett, Megan JPotentiometric titration
21 SalinitySalHuggett, Megan J
22 Salinity, standard errorSal std e±Huggett, Megan J
23 Calcite saturation stateOmega CalHuggett, Megan J
24 Calcite saturation state, standard errorOmega Cal std e±Huggett, Megan J
25 Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgHuggett, Megan J
26 Aragonite saturation state, standard errorOmega Arg std e±Huggett, Megan J
27 Sample numberSample noHuggett, Megan J
28 Operational taxonomic unitOTU#Huggett, Megan J
29 Operational taxonomic unit, standard deviationOTU std dev±Huggett, Megan J
30 Chao 1 richnessChao1 richHuggett, Megan J
31 Chao 1 richness, standard deviationChao 1 rich std dev±Huggett, Megan J
32 Pielou evenness indexJ'Huggett, Megan J
33 Pielou evenness index, standard deviationJ' std dev±Huggett, Megan J
34 Shannon Diversity IndexH'Huggett, Megan J
35 Shannon Diversity Index, standard deviationH' std dev±Huggett, Megan J
36 Carbonate system computation flagCSC flagYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37 Carbon dioxideCO2µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38 Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)fCO2water_SST_wetµatmYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40 Bicarbonate ion[HCO3]-µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41 Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
42 Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
43 Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
44 Calcite saturation stateOmega CalYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
7584 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Study type

Species

Time point

Treat

rETR max

Ek [µmol/m2/s]

ID
(Tank)

Perc [%]
(Healthy tissue)

Perc [%]
(Faded tissue)
10 
Perc [%]
(Bleached tissue)
11 
Perc [%]
(impacted tissues)
12 
ID
(Treatment)
13 
Metamorph larv [%]
14 
Temp [°C]
15 
T std e [±]
16 
pH
(total scale)
17 
pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
(Calculated using CO2SYS)
18 
pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±]
(Calculated using CO2SYS)
19 
AT [µmol/kg]
(Potentiometric titration)
20 
AT std e [±]
(Potentiometric titration)
21 
Sal
22 
Sal std e [±]
23 
Omega Cal
24 
Omega Cal std e [±]
25 
Omega Arg
26 
Omega Arg std e [±]
27 
Sample no
28 
OTU [#]
29 
OTU std dev [±]
30 
Chao1 rich
31 
Chao 1 rich std dev [±]
32 
J'
33 
J' std dev [±]
34 
H'
35 
H' std dev [±]
36 
CSC flag
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
37 
CO2 [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
38 
fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
39 
pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
40 
[HCO3]- [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
41 
[CO3]2- [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
42 
DIC [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
43 
Omega Arg
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
44 
Omega Cal
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient2.90330.782
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient2.96126.182
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient2.56821.489
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient2.68825.720
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient2.46117.198
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient2.53824.664
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient3.76829.394
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient3.17127.552
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient2.77620.232
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient2.70826.090
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient3.20626.715
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient3.24529.289
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient3.44427.441
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)initialAmbient3.43729.057
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekAmbient1.28811.47619.00.038.1379102327637.40.024.60.093.00.06811.24341.62342.801809.83207.972029.033.174.88
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekAmbient2.30423.61119.00.038.1379102327637.40.024.60.093.00.06811.24341.62342.801809.83207.972029.033.174.88
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekAmbient1.79617.54319.00.038.1379102327637.40.024.60.093.00.06811.24341.62342.801809.83207.972029.033.174.88
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekAmbient1.79617.54319.00.038.1379102327637.40.024.60.093.00.06811.24341.62342.801809.83207.972029.033.174.88
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekIncreased temperature1.3989.11122.90.048.232532762538.30.047.50.044.90.0388.84300.25301.231957.20333.962300.005.137.80
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekIncreased temperature2.28414.50122.90.048.232532762538.30.047.50.044.90.0388.84300.25301.231957.20333.962300.005.137.80
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekIncreased temperature2.30318.06222.90.048.232532762538.30.047.50.044.90.0388.84300.25301.231957.20333.962300.005.137.80
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekIncreased temperature1.99513.89122.90.048.232532762538.30.047.50.044.90.0388.84300.25301.231957.20333.962300.005.137.80
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekReduced pH2.89817.17619.10.047.8746182319437.50.052.80.051.80.03825.04763.85766.482027.13117.442169.621.792.75
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekReduced pH1.36710.58419.10.047.8746182319437.50.052.80.051.80.03825.04763.85766.482027.13117.442169.621.792.75
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekReduced pH3.95424.91319.10.047.8746182319437.50.052.80.051.80.03825.04763.85766.482027.13117.442169.621.792.75
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekReduced pH2.74017.55819.10.047.8746182319437.50.052.80.051.80.03825.04763.85766.482027.13117.442169.621.792.75
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekIncreased temperature and reduced pH1.94118.78922.90.047.8889292574536.50.113.40.082.20.05825.53858.76861.592222.69145.202393.432.263.44
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekIncreased temperature and reduced pH1.82315.43222.90.047.8889292574536.50.113.40.082.20.05825.53858.76861.592222.69145.202393.432.263.44
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekIncreased temperature and reduced pH2.42817.15622.90.047.8889292574536.50.113.40.082.20.05825.53858.76861.592222.69145.202393.432.263.44
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)1 weekIncreased temperature and reduced pH1.80113.32322.90.047.8889292574536.50.113.40.082.20.05825.53858.76861.592222.69145.202393.432.263.44
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksAmbient1.46313.92919.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksAmbient2.05918.73319.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksAmbient2.86517.26919.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksAmbient2.19416.88919.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksIncreased temperature1.75413.53423.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksIncreased temperature2.05113.85223.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksIncreased temperature2.10917.41823.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksIncreased temperature1.76016.14923.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksReduced pH2.67717.86919.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksReduced pH3.59632.39619.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksReduced pH3.39725.81219.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksReduced pH2.43227.60119.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH2.19017.04523.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH2.24119.08723.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH1.90815.03223.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH1.93217.91823.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksAmbient1.54110.57419.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksAmbient1.80924.44019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksAmbient1.64812.42119.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksAmbient3.06423.60519.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksAmbient2.87231.73219.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksIncreased temperature2.74926.33622.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksIncreased temperature4.38240.13122.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksIncreased temperature2.12715.43322.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksIncreased temperature2.07130.58522.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksReduced pH2.61421.25119.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksReduced pH3.09423.53219.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksReduced pH3.77326.01919.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksReduced pH1.67112.09319.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksReduced pH2.86826.93119.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH2.45823.93522.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH2.97522.50322.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH2.41720.76322.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6.19629.80122.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryAmphiroa gracilis (macroalga)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH2.74625.95922.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient110000019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient210000019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient310000019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient910000019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1010000019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1110000019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1210000019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient139910119.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient149910119.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1510000019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature212744297322.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature224431255622.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature233933286122.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature247613112422.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature25821081822.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature263646186422.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature273835276222.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature283330376722.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature292933387122.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature30652783522.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH41613633919.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH42415365919.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH43761682419.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH44603194019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH45445605619.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH46722802819.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH47475305319.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH48604004019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH49643603619.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH50633703719.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH61613903922.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH62653503522.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH63673303322.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH64792102122.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH65613903922.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH667015153022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH685027235022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH694534215522.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH706622123422.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH734138215922.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient175.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient260.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient360.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient460.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient560.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient650.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient775.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient880.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient90.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient1060.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient1120.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient1260.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient1340.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient1460.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient1575.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient1620.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient1780.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient1840.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient19100.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksAmbient2040.0019.30.048.1325323932037.30.045.30.103.50.06811.48351.80353.011859.97215.692087.153.305.07
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature2120.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature220.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature2340.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature2480.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature2514.2923.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature2620.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature270.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature280.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature2940.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature3060.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature3140.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature320.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature330.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature3460.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature3520.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature3640.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature370.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature380.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature3920.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature4040.0023.50.038.228022930437.40.089.10.056.00.0389.35320.97322.012082.53356.372448.255.528.39
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH410.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH4260.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH4320.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH4420.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH4540.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH4640.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH4720.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH4840.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH4920.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH5040.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH51100.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH5240.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH5360.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH5440.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH5560.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH5620.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH5720.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH5820.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH5960.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksReduced pH6080.0019.50.047.8816102398337.10.072.80.031.80.02825.75792.51795.222096.72122.252244.721.872.88
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6140.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6240.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6366.6723.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6420.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH650.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6620.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6740.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH680.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6950.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH700.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7123.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7223.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7340.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7460.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7528.5723.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7640.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7740.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7860.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7920.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH8020.0023.40.047.81013202850237.50.203.80.062.50.04827.70948.71951.812452.37166.812646.872.583.93
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksFSW40.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksFSW20.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksFSW20.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksFSW33.33
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)2 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient120.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient20.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient3100.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient460.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient566.6619.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient620.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient70.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient820.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient950.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1020.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient110.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1240.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1350.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1460.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1540.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1680.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1780.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1833.3319.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient1940.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient2040.0019.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature2140.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature220.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature2340.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature2420.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature250.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature260.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature270.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature280.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature2920.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature3040.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature3140.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature3220.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature330.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature3440.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature350.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature360.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature370.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature380.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature3940.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature4040.0022.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.0289.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH4140.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH4220.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH4360.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH4460.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH4520.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH4640.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH4740.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH480.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH4940.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH5020.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH5140.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH5260.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH5360.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH5420.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH5520.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH5620.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH5740.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH5840.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH590.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH6020.0019.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH610.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6220.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6320.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH640.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6560.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6620.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6720.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6820.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH6933.3322.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7020.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7122.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7222.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH730.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7420.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH750.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH760.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7760.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH780.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH7940.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH8020.0022.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksFSW0.00
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient19.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.014436.724.3479.1554.920.650.013.960.06811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksAmbient19.30.038.134232420236.80.115.30.023.40.01123.640.07811.69357.22358.451887.19216.472115.353.325.11
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature22.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.024400.027.0444.1861.030.650.013.910.0689.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature22.60.038.228932967637.40.068.90.035.90.02123.760.1189.74326.54327.612130.04352.552492.335.458.30
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH19.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.065456.042.6519.80112.840.630.033.820.22820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksReduced pH19.30.037.9650242438336.90.053.40.092.20.06123.460.07820.30620.69622.822069.31150.092239.702.303.54
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH22.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.014439.027.7496.2155.070.660.024.000.15828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89
laboratoryHeliocidaris erythogramma (echinoderm)3 weeksIncreased temperature and reduced pH22.60.037.81059102904837.40.103.60.022.40.01123.910.09828.84966.81970.002510.71165.442704.982.563.89