Citation:

PANGAEA.957785

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and cellular and molecular changes in hemolymph and extrapallial fluid in Mercenaria mercenaria
Published: 2023-04-24
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Acid-base regulation; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Mercenaria mercenaria; Mollusca; Not applicable; Other studied parameter or process; Single species

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Abstract:

Seawater pH and carbonate saturation are predicted to decrease dramatically by the end of the century. This process, designated ocean acidification (OA), threatens economically and ecologically important marine calcifiers, including the northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria). While many studies have demonstrated the adverse impacts of OA on bivalves, much less is known about mechanisms of resilience and adaptive strategies. Here, we examined clam responses to OA by evaluating cellular (hemocyte activities) and molecular (high-throughput proteomics, RNASeq) changes in hemolymph and extrapallial fluid (EPF—the site of biomineralization located between the mantle and the shell) in M. mercenaria continuously exposed to acidified (pH 7.3; pCO2 2700 ppm) and normal conditions (pH 8.1; pCO2 600 ppm) for one year. The extracellular pH of EPF and hemolymph (7.5) was significantly higher than that of the external acidified seawater (7.3). Under OA conditions, granulocytes (a sub-population of hemocytes important for biomineralization) were able to increase intracellular pH (by 54% in EPF and 79% in hemolymph) and calcium content (by 56% in hemolymph). The increased pH of EPF and hemolymph from clams exposed to high pCO2 was associated with the overexpression of genes (at both the mRNA and protein levels) related to biomineralization, acid–base balance, and calcium homeostasis, suggesting that clams can use corrective mechanisms to mitigate the negative impact of OA.

Keyword(s):

Acid-base regulation; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Mercenaria mercenaria; Mollusca; Not applicable; Other studied parameter or process; Single species

Supplement to:

Schwaner, Caroline; Farhat, Sarah; Haley, John; Espinosa, Emmanuelle Pales; Allam, Bassem (2022): Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses Enable Clams to Correct the pH of Calcifying Fluids and Sustain Biomineralization in Acidified Environments. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(24), 16066, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232416066

Documentation:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2022): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2022) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2023-04-20.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type of study	Study type		Allam, Bassem
2	Species, unique identification	Species UID		Allam, Bassem
3	Species, unique identification (URI)	Species UID (URI)		Allam, Bassem
4	Species, unique identification (Semantic URI)	Species UID (Semantic URI)		Allam, Bassem
5	Treatment	Treat		Allam, Bassem
6	Local Time	Local time		Allam, Bassem
7	pH	pH		Allam, Bassem		Sea water
8	Haemolymph, pH	pH (ha)		Allam, Bassem
9	Haemolymph, pH, standard error	pH (ha) std e	±	Allam, Bassem
10	Extrapallial fluid pH	pH (epf)		Allam, Bassem
11	Extrapallial fluid pH, standard error	pH (epf) std e	±	Allam, Bassem
12	Category	Cat		Allam, Bassem
13	Fluorescence intensity	Fluorescence		Allam, Bassem		BCECF-AM (indicator of intracellular pH)
14	Fluorescence intensity, standard error	Fluorescence std e	±	Allam, Bassem		BCECF-AM (indicator of intracellular pH)
15	Fluorescence intensity	Fluorescence		Allam, Bassem		Fluo-3 (indicator of Ca2+)
16	Fluorescence intensity, standard error	Fluorescence std e	±	Allam, Bassem		Fluo-3 (indicator of Ca2+)
17	Phagocytosis	Phago	%	Allam, Bassem
18	Phagocytosis, standard error	Phago std e	±	Allam, Bassem
19	Mortality	Mortality	%	Allam, Bassem		Cell
20	Mortality, standard error	Mortality std e	±	Allam, Bassem		Cell
21	pH	pH		Allam, Bassem	Potentiometric	total scale
22	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Allam, Bassem	Potentiometric	total scale
23	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Allam, Bassem
24	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Allam, Bassem
25	Salinity	Sal		Allam, Bassem
26	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Allam, Bassem
27	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	ppmv	Allam, Bassem	Calculated using seacarb
28	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Allam, Bassem	Calculated using seacarb
29	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Allam, Bassem	Calculated using seacarb
30	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Allam, Bassem	Calculated using seacarb
31	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Allam, Bassem	Calculated using seacarb
32	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Allam, Bassem	Calculated using seacarb
33	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Allam, Bassem	Coulometric titration
34	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Allam, Bassem	Coulometric titration
35	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Allam, Bassem	Calculated using seacarb
36	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Allam, Bassem	Calculated using seacarb
37	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Allam, Bassem	Calculated using seacarb
38	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Allam, Bassem	Calculated using seacarb
39	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
42	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
43	Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation	fCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
44	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
45	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
46	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
47	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
48	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
49	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
50	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
51	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
52	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
53	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
54	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
55	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

640 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Study type	2 Species UID	3 Species UID (URI)	4 Species UID (Semantic URI)	5 Treat	6 Local time	7 pH (Sea water)	8 pH (ha)	9 pH (ha) std e [±]	10 pH (epf)	11 pH (epf) std e [±]	12 Cat	13 Fluorescence (BCECF-AM (indicator of intrac...)	14 Fluorescence std e [±] (BCECF-AM (indicator of intrac...)	15 Fluorescence (Fluo-3 (indicator of Ca2+))	16 Fluorescence std e [±] (Fluo-3 (indicator of Ca2+))	17 Phago [%]	18 Phago std e [±]	19 Mortality [%] (Cell)	20 Mortality std e [±] (Cell)	21 pH (total scale, Potentiometric)	22 pH std dev [±] (total scale, Potentiometric)	23 Temp [°C]	24 Temp std dev [±]	25 Sal	26 Sal std dev [±]	27 pCO2water_SST_wet [ppmv] (Calculated using seacarb)	28 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb)	29 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb)	30 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb)	31 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb)	32 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb)	33 DIC [µmol/kg] (Coulometric titration)	34 DIC std dev [±] (Coulometric titration)	35 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb)	36 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb)	37 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb)	38 AT std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb)	39 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	40 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	41 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	42 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	43 fCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	44 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	45 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	46 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	47 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	48 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	49 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	50 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	51 AT std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	52 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	53 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	54 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	55 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Control	6:00	7.78	7.55	0.033	7.58	0.056										8.01	0.24	25.5	0.53	30.00	0.00	626.19	190.27	2.19	0.24	3.23	0.49	2061.69	104.40	133.59	20.25	1988.57	725.60	9	13.29	7.99	461.73	277.52	463.20	278.41	1862.41	127.82	185.99	94.70	2310.16	177.30	3.04	1.55	4.67	2.38
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Control	12:00	7.80	7.57	0.069	7.52	0.074										8.01	0.24	25.5	0.53	30.00	0.00	626.19	190.27	2.19	0.24	3.23	0.49	2061.69	104.40	133.59	20.25	1988.57	725.60	9	13.29	7.99	461.73	277.52	463.20	278.41	1862.41	127.82	185.99	94.70	2310.16	177.30	3.04	1.55	4.67	2.38
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Control	18:00	7.85	7.55	0.085	7.64	0.036										8.01	0.24	25.5	0.53	30.00	0.00	626.19	190.27	2.19	0.24	3.23	0.49	2061.69	104.40	133.59	20.25	1988.57	725.60	9	13.29	7.99	461.73	277.52	463.20	278.41	1862.41	127.82	185.99	94.70	2310.16	177.30	3.04	1.55	4.67	2.38
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Acidified	6:00	7.29	7.50	0.067	7.47	0.018										7.27	0.06	25.5	0.53	29.63	1.06	2732.56	338.74	0.69	0.15	0.99	0.15	2313.06	242.12	38.52	4.44	2283.97	217.18	9	86.10	14.79	2986.62	511.47	2996.15	513.11	2187.58	229.07	39.38	7.04	2282.20	238.04	0.65	0.12	0.99	0.18
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Acidified	12:00	7.33	7.54	0.058	7.54	0.070										7.27	0.06	25.5	0.53	29.63	1.06	2732.56	338.74	0.69	0.15	0.99	0.15	2313.06	242.12	38.52	4.44	2283.97	217.18	9	86.10	14.79	2986.62	511.47	2996.15	513.11	2187.58	229.07	39.38	7.04	2282.20	238.04	0.65	0.12	0.99	0.18
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Acidified	18:00	7.39	7.56	0.061	7.59	0.017										7.27	0.06	25.5	0.53	29.63	1.06	2732.56	338.74	0.69	0.15	0.99	0.15	2313.06	242.12	38.52	4.44	2283.97	217.18	9	86.10	14.79	2986.62	511.47	2996.15	513.11	2187.58	229.07	39.38	7.04	2282.20	238.04	0.65	0.12	0.99	0.18
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Acidified							EPF, Agranulocytes	36.62368	3.57705	6.787	0.7800000	0.47368	0.17718	12.68421	1.00015	7.27	0.06	25.5	0.53	29.63	1.06	2732.56	338.74	0.69	0.15	0.99	0.15	2313.06	242.12	38.52	4.44	2283.97	217.18	9	86.10	14.79	2986.62	511.47	2996.15	513.11	2187.58	229.07	39.38	7.04	2282.20	238.04	0.65	0.12	0.99	0.18
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Control							EPF, Agranulocytes	99.45000	0.86898	6.794	0.8000000	1.05509	0.19530	1.05509	0.19530	8.01	0.24	25.5	0.53	30.00	0.00	626.19	190.27	2.19	0.24	3.23	0.49	2061.69	104.40	133.59	20.25	1988.57	725.60	9	13.29	7.99	461.73	277.52	463.20	278.41	1862.41	127.82	185.99	94.70	2310.16	177.30	3.04	1.55	4.67	2.38
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Acidified							EPF, Granulocytes	594.41740	92.86369	61.832	7.3532550	28.73684	3.01734	22.57895	2.54930	7.27	0.06	25.5	0.53	29.63	1.06	2732.56	338.74	0.69	0.15	0.99	0.15	2313.06	242.12	38.52	4.44	2283.97	217.18	9	86.10	14.79	2986.62	511.47	2996.15	513.11	2187.58	229.07	39.38	7.04	2282.20	238.04	0.65	0.12	0.99	0.18
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Control							EPF, Granulocytes	384.60000	10.81724	67.273	10.5460150	23.40000	2.31176	23.40000	2.31176	8.01	0.24	25.5	0.53	30.00	0.00	626.19	190.27	2.19	0.24	3.23	0.49	2061.69	104.40	133.59	20.25	1988.57	725.60	9	13.29	7.99	461.73	277.52	463.20	278.41	1862.41	127.82	185.99	94.70	2310.16	177.30	3.04	1.55	4.67	2.38
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Acidified							Hemolymph, Agranulocytes	27.92400	3.50011	5.937	0.7260709	0.20000	0.09177	12.95000	1.76139	7.27	0.06	25.5	0.53	29.63	1.06	2732.56	338.74	0.69	0.15	0.99	0.15	2313.06	242.12	38.52	4.44	2283.97	217.18	9	86.10	14.79	2986.62	511.47	2996.15	513.11	2187.58	229.07	39.38	7.04	2282.20	238.04	0.65	0.12	0.99	0.18
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Control							Hemolymph, Agranulocytes	101.65000	1.79073	5.192	0.7508629	0.33154	0.09784	0.33154	0.09784	8.01	0.24	25.5	0.53	30.00	0.00	626.19	190.27	2.19	0.24	3.23	0.49	2061.69	104.40	133.59	20.25	1988.57	725.60	9	13.29	7.99	461.73	277.52	463.20	278.41	1862.41	127.82	185.99	94.70	2310.16	177.30	3.04	1.55	4.67	2.38
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Acidified							Hemolymph, Granulocytes	692.06800	124.22783	61.086	7.2791940	22.50000	2.41977	20.90000	2.81715	7.27	0.06	25.5	0.53	29.63	1.06	2732.56	338.74	0.69	0.15	0.99	0.15	2313.06	242.12	38.52	4.44	2283.97	217.18	9	86.10	14.79	2986.62	511.47	2996.15	513.11	2187.58	229.07	39.38	7.04	2282.20	238.04	0.65	0.12	0.99	0.18
laboratory	Mercenaria mercenaria	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:141919	Control							Hemolymph, Granulocytes	386.90000	16.56056	38.550	4.8673370	26.21053	2.72800	26.21053	2.72800	8.01	0.24	25.5	0.53	30.00	0.00	626.19	190.27	2.19	0.24	3.23	0.49	2061.69	104.40	133.59	20.25	1988.57	725.60	9	13.29	7.99	461.73	277.52	463.20	278.41	1862.41	127.82	185.99	94.70	2310.16	177.30	3.04	1.55	4.67	2.38