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Smeets, Paul C J P; van den Broeke, Michiel R; Boot, Wim; Cover, Giorgio; Eijkelboom, Mark; Greuell, Wouter; Tijm-Reijmer, Carleen H; Snellen, Henk; van de Wal, Roderik S W (2022): Automatic weather station data collected from 2003 to 2021 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947483

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Abstract:
We present 18 years (2003-2021) of automatic weather station (AWS) data, collected along the K-transect near Kangerlussuaq in west Greenland. The transect runs from east to west, roughly perpendicular to the ice sheet edge at about 67° N. The K-transect originated from the Greenland Ice Margin Experiments (GIMEX), held in the summers of 1990 and 1991. Until recently, surface mass balance and ice velocity measurements were performed at nine locations along the K-transect, of which four are equipped with AWS: two in the ablation zone at approximately 500 m and 1,000 m asl, one at the approximate equilibrium-line altitude (~1,500 m asl), and one in the lower accumulation zone (~1,850 m asl) at distances of 5, 38, 88, and 140 km from the ice edge, respectively. Here, we present (mostly) half hourly UTC based AWS measurements from these four sites containing temperature/humidity, windspeed/direction, all four radiation components and atmospheric pressure. All data are corrected and quality controlled, for details about this procedure please consult doi:10.1080/15230430.2017.1420954.
Keyword(s):
automatic weather station; Greenland; K-transect
Related to:
Kuipers Munneke, Peter; Smeets, Paul C J P; Tijm-Reijmer, Carleen H; Oerlemans, Johannes; van de Wal, Roderik S W; van den Broeke, Michiel R (2018): The K-transect on the western Greenland Ice Sheet: Surface energy balance (2003–2016). Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 50(1), e1420952, https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2017.1420952
Smeets, Paul C J P; Kuipers Munneke, Peter; van As, Dirk; van den Broeke, Michiel R; Boot, Wim; Oerlemans, Hans; Snellen, Henk; Tijm-Reijmer, Carleen H; van de Wal, Roderik S W (2018): The K-transect in west Greenland: Automatic weather station data (1993-2016). Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 50(1), S100002, https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2017.1420954
Further details:
Metadata GRL AWS 2003-2021 with info on sensor heights
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 67.068278 * Median Longitude: -49.005739 * South-bound Latitude: 67.000120 * West-bound Longitude: -50.095833 * North-bound Latitude: 67.098883 * East-bound Longitude: -47.022370
Date/Time Start: 2003-08-26T14:30:00 * Date/Time End: 2021-12-31T23:30:00
Comment:
The timeseries constitutes two different types of AWS. The first is a standard type modular AWS described extensively in https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2017.1420954. The second type (first operational from August 2016 at AWS6) is a very compact IMAU design AWS constituating one integrated module containing the datalogger, energy system and multiple sensors. In addition there are 2 independent sensors mounted separately at the same mast boom (Young prop/vane, CNR4 radiation sensor). The data set is therefore divided in two periods depending on AWS type which is identified in the dataset in the last column no. 16 being either 0 or 1 for the periods (2003-2015) and (2016-2021), respectively.
Main difference between the two station types concerns the measurement of surface melt/sensor height. In column 12 the data from acoustic height rangers is given. Typically for AWS type 0 the sensor given surface melt while for type 1 this is sometimes sensor height or sensor height and surface height variations depending on the location (see details in the TAB sensor heights). In column 13 (only used in AWS type 1 in the ablation area - i.e. locations 5 and 6) draw wire data is given - this type of sensor is mounted to the AWS mast and measures the sinking of the mast as the ice surface melts. The sensor contains a steel wire that is rolled into a housing using a spring and connected to a potentiometer. Upon installation a hole is drilled 10 to 15m deep into the ice surface and the steel wire is unrolled into the hole with a weight at its end thereby fixing it into the ice. When melt occurs and the mast lowers with the surface the wire is rolled up and the distance change is measured indicative for ice melt.
Main limitations due to location climate conditions are described below, corrections mentioned are described in https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2017.1420954. 1) General issue for radiation measurements in polar regions: the measurements may be affected sometimes by riming - mostly during the winter and more likely at the higher locations where ventilation due to sustained katabatic winds is lacking (i.e., low winds, high humidity, temperatures below 0C). 2) The natural ventilation of the thermometer/hygrometer becomes gradually more insufficient when short wave radiation increase and wind speed decreases. A wind speed/radiation depending correction is applied to compensate for excess temperatures. 3) Longwave radiation sensors suffer from so-called window heating - a yearly instrument specific correction is calculated and applied. 4) Mast tilt affects (mainly) the short wave incoming radiation data. During the melt season AWS masts located in ablation areas can suffer from erratic tilt variations in time due to ice surface melt events. Up to date we did not apply a correction to the data. 5) Wind speed measurements from propellor vane anemometers (Young 05103) suffer from a high threshold value of 1 (m/s). Wind speed data values below 1 (m/s) should therefore be used with caution. Additionally - for wind speed below 0.1m/s we removed the wind direction data as it has a meaningless value.
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Please notice that column "Logger voltage" also contains once a year an indicator == 100 at the time of the yearly station visit.
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Size:
64 datasets

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Datasets listed in this publication series

  1. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2003 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947439
  2. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2004 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947449
  3. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2005 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947451
  4. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2006 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947452
  5. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2007 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947454
  6. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2008 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947459
  7. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2009 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947461
  8. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2010 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947463
  9. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2011 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947464
  10. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2012 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947466
  11. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2013 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947467
  12. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2014 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947469
  13. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2015 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947470
  14. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2016 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947474
  15. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2017 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947475
  16. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2018 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947479
  17. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2019 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947480
  18. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2020 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947481
  19. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS5 collected during 2021 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947497
  20. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2003 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950015
  21. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2004 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950016
  22. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2005 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950017
  23. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2006 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950018
  24. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2007 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950019
  25. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2008 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950020
  26. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2009 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950021
  27. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2010 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950022
  28. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2011 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950024
  29. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2012 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950028
  30. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2013 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950029
  31. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2014 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950030
  32. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2015 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950031
  33. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2016 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950033
  34. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2017 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950077
  35. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2018 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950078
  36. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2019 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950079
  37. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2020 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950080
  38. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS6 collected during 2021 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950081
  39. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2003 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950082
  40. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2004 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950083
  41. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2005 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950084
  42. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2006 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950085
  43. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2007 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950087
  44. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2008 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950089
  45. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2009 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950092
  46. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2010 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950093
  47. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2011 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950094
  48. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2012 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950096
  49. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2013 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950100
  50. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2014 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950103
  51. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2015 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950105
  52. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2016 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950106
  53. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2017 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950107
  54. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2018 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950108
  55. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2019 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950109
  56. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2020 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950110
  57. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS9 collected during 2021 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950111
  58. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS10 collected during 2010 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950114
  59. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS10 collected during 2011 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950115
  60. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS10 collected during 2012 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950116
  61. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS10 collected during 2013 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950117
  62. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS10 collected during 2014 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950118
  63. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS10 collected during 2015 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950119
  64. Smeets, PCJP; van den Broeke, MR; Boot, W et al. (2022): Automatic weather station data from AWS10 collected during 2016 at the Greenland ice sheet along the K-transect, West-Greenland. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950120