Rahlff, Janina; Esser, Sarah P; Heinrichs, Mara Elena; Giebel, Helge-Ansgar; Probst, Alexander J (2023): Flow cytometric assessment of virus-like particle, prokaryote and small phototrophic eukaryote abundances from sea foam, surface microlayer, 1-m depth, rainwater from the Swedish Skagerrak (Feb 2020) [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947348
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Abstract:
Flow cytometry samples for analysis of virus-like particle, prokaryote and small phototrophic eukaryote abundances were collected from sea foam, surface microlayer and 1-m deep water from the Swedish Skagerrak during a 1-month campaign at Tjärnö Marine Laboratory in February 2020. Using a small boat, foam and microlayer were collected using a glass plate sampler, and 1-m deep water using a syringe connected to a hose. In addition, rainwater for flow cytometry was collected close to the coast in Duran bottles. Samples were fixed with glutardialdehyde (1% final concentration, Merck, Sweden), stored for 1 hour in the dark and subsequently stored at -80 °C. The purpose of the cellular and viral abundance assessment was to complement metagenomic analyses to investigate viral dispersal across the air-sea interface and along the natural water cycle. In addition, metadata for light conditions, wind speed, salinity, and temperature were recorded. For further details on the campaign and flow cytometric analysis, please refer to Rahlff et al., 2022.
Keyword(s):
Related to:
Rahlff, Janina; Esser, Sarah P; Plewka, Julia; Heinrichs, Mara Elena; Soares, André; Scarchilli, Claudio; Grigioni, Paolo; Wex, Heike; Giebel, Helge-Ansgar; Probst, Alexander J (2023): Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle. Nature Communications, 14, 6354, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42125-5
Project(s):
Association of European Marine Biological Laboratories Expanded (ASSEMBLE_Plus)
Funding:
European Commission (EC), grant/award no. 730984: Association of European Marine Biological Laboratories Expanded
German Aerospace Center (DLR), grant/award no. 50WB1922: DISPERS - Verbreitung von Mikroorganismen und Viren zur Antarktis mit Auswirkungen auf die Weltraumforschung
German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 34509606: Ökologie, Physiologie und Molekularbiologie der Roseobacter-Gruppe: Aufbruch zu einem systembiologischen Verständnis einer global wichtigen Gruppe mariner Bakterien
German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 429483359: NOVAC - Neuartige Viren infizieren Archaeen im terrestrischen Untergrund
German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 446702140: VIBOCAT - Erforschung des Virioneustons: Viral-bakterielle Interaktionen zwischen Ozean und Atmosphäre
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 58.880887 * Median Longitude: 11.118550 * South-bound Latitude: 58.876092 * West-bound Longitude: 11.105827 * North-bound Latitude: 58.886790 * East-bound Longitude: 11.146365
Date/Time Start: 2020-02-03T12:30:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-02-26T14:00:00
Event(s):
Skagerrak_1 * Latitude: 58.880113 * Longitude: 11.107192 * Date/Time Start: 2020-02-03T12:30:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-02-03T12:45:00 * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | Rahlff, Janina | |||
| 2 | Station label | Station | Rahlff, Janina | |||
| 3 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Rahlff, Janina | Geocode – start - UTC | ||
| 4 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Rahlff, Janina | Geocode – end - UTC | ||
| 5 | Date/Time local | Date/Time local | Rahlff, Janina | start | ||
| 6 | Date/Time local | Date/Time local | Rahlff, Janina | end | ||
| 7 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Rahlff, Janina | Geocode | ||
| 8 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Rahlff, Janina | Geocode | ||
| 9 | Virus-like particles | Virus-like | #/ml | Rahlff, Janina | Flow cytometer, BD Biosciences, BD Accuri C6 | |
| 10 | Prokaryotes | Prokaryotes | #/ml | Rahlff, Janina | Flow cytometer, BD Biosciences, BD Accuri C6 | |
| 11 | Eukaryotes, phototrophic, small | Euka photo | #/ml | Rahlff, Janina | Flow cytometer, BD Biosciences, BD Accuri C6 | |
| 12 | Habitat | Habitat | Rahlff, Janina | |||
| 13 | Sample method | Sample method | Rahlff, Janina | |||
| 14 | Wind speed, minimum | ff min | m/s | Rahlff, Janina | Anemometer, AN-10, Voltcraft | |
| 15 | Wind speed, maximum | ff max | m/s | Rahlff, Janina | Anemometer, AN-10, Voltcraft | |
| 16 | Brightness | Brightness | lux | Rahlff, Janina | Galaxy Sensors smartphone application v.1.8.10 | Light |
| 17 | Temperature, water | Temp | °C | Rahlff, Janina | Thermosalinometer, portable, WTW Multiline 3420 | |
| 18 | Salinity | Sal | Rahlff, Janina | Thermosalinometer, portable, WTW Multiline 3420 | ||
| 19 | Comment | Comment | Rahlff, Janina | Weather conditions/notes |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
370 data points
Data
| 1 Event | 2 Station | 3 Date/Time (start - UTC) | 4 Date/Time (end - UTC) | 5 Date/Time local (start) | 6 Date/Time local (end) | 7 Latitude | 8 Longitude | 9 Virus-like [#/ml] (Flow cytometer, BD Bioscience...) | 10 Prokaryotes [#/ml] (Flow cytometer, BD Bioscience...) | 11 Euka photo [#/ml] (Flow cytometer, BD Bioscience...) | 12 Habitat | 13 Sample method | 14 ff min [m/s] (Anemometer, AN-10, Voltcraft) | 15 ff max [m/s] (Anemometer, AN-10, Voltcraft) | 16 Brightness [lux] (Light, Galaxy Sensors smartph...) | 17 Temp [°C] (Thermosalinometer, portable, ...) | 18 Sal (Thermosalinometer, portable, ...) | 19 Comment (Weather conditions/notes) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skagerrak_1 | 1 | 2020-02-03T12:30 | 2020-02-03T12:45 | 2020-02-03T13:30 | 2020-02-03T13:45 | 58.8801125 | 11.1071915 | 17717220.0 | 792067.1 | 3308.8 | Surface microlayer | Glass plate sampler | 1.0 | 7330 | 4.2 | 25.4 | sunny, calm sea | |
| Skagerrak_2 | 2 | 2020-02-04T08:15 | 2020-02-04T09:15 | 2020-02-04T09:15 | 2020-02-04T10:15 | 58.8808720 | 11.1112471 | 16549790.0 | 853304.9 | 4463.4 | Surface microlayer | Glass plate sampler | 3.4 | 2850 | 4.5 | 28.8 | cloudy, snow in the night before, surface looks like a slick | |
| Skagerrak_3 | 3 | 2020-02-06T13:30 | 2020-02-06T14:30 | 2020-02-06T14:30 | 2020-02-06T15:30 | 58.8818140 | 11.1108150 | 16739935.1 | 789719.5 | 2129.2 | Surface microlayer | Glass plate sampler | 1.0 | 7413 | 4.7 | 25.9 | sunny, some clouds, calm surface, starting sampling in a slick | |
| Skagerrak_4 | 4 | 2020-02-07T08:00 | 2020-02-07T09:00 | 2020-02-07T09:00 | 2020-02-07T10:00 | 58.8832680 | 11.1058270 | 26012139.8 | 800786.6 | 3448.7 | Surface microlayer | Glass plate sampler | 3.0 | 3078 | 4.0 | 27.1 | no clouds, very cold (0 degree), sun in the beginning | |
| Skagerrak_5 | 5 | 2020-02-11T12:48 | 2020-02-11T13:30 | 2020-02-11T13:48 | 2020-02-11T14:30 | 58.8819340 | 11.1207400 | 13173718.9 | 850286.6 | 3203.8 | Surface microlayer | Glass plate sampler | 6.0 | 6010 | 5.4 | 30.0 | sunny, some clouds, beginning white cap formation, water well mixed/turbid | |
| Skagerrak_6 | 6 | 2020-02-13T12:20 | 2020-02-13T13:30 | 2020-02-13T13:20 | 2020-02-13T14:30 | 58.8808200 | 11.1150910 | 16209274.5 | 802195.1 | 3543.7 | Surface microlayer | Glass plate sampler | 2.6 | 5.0 | 4750 | 4.5 | 24.4 | sunny, some clouds |
| Skagerrak_7 | 7 | 2020-02-14T08:25 | 2020-02-14T09:14 | 2020-02-14T09:25 | 2020-02-14T10:14 | 58.8760920 | 11.1109150 | 18675264.4 | 696353.7 | 1834.3 | Surface microlayer | Glass plate sampler | 0.0 | 2540 | 3.3 | 22.5 | sunny, little wind, surface like a mirror, clear water | |
| Skagerrak_8 | 8 | 2020-02-15T13:45 | 2020-02-15T14:30 | 2020-02-15T14:45 | 2020-02-15T15:30 | 58.8867900 | 11.1067640 | 33933585.4 | 992615.9 | 6162.8 | Surface microlayer | Glass plate sampler | 4.8 | 2517 | 4.7 | 27.2 | tight cloud cover, small waves w/o white caps, grey weather like it could starting raining | |
| Skagerrak_9 | 9 | 2020-02-19T09:17 | 2020-02-19T09:45 | 2020-02-19T10:17 | 2020-02-19T10:45 | 58.8858470 | 11.1061570 | 31081981.7 | 1104158.5 | 5608.0 | Surface microlayer | Glass plate sampler | 3.1 | 5011 | 4.8 | 27.8 | sunny, blue sky, no clouds, some waves w/o white caps | |
| Skagerrak_10a | 10a | 2020-02-24T12:31 | 2020-02-24T14:10 | 2020-02-24T13:31 | 2020-02-24T15:10 | 58.8809870 | 11.1365080 | 20012332.1 | 915414.6 | 3893.6 | Surface microlayer | Glass plate sampler | 4.4 | 5.6 | 7520 | 3.5 | 27.0 | sun, some clouds, beginning white caps, sea flattened and wind speed decreased during sampling |
| Skagerrak_4 | 4 | 2020-02-07T08:00 | 2020-02-07T09:00 | 2020-02-07T09:00 | 2020-02-07T10:00 | 58.8832680 | 11.1058270 | 183319422.3 | 3787259.3 | 18113.4 | Foam | Glass plate sampler | 3.0 | 3078 | 4.0 | 27.1 | cloudy, snow in the night before, surface looks like a slick | |
| Skagerrak_6 | 6 | 2020-02-13T12:20 | 2020-02-13T13:30 | 2020-02-13T13:20 | 2020-02-13T14:30 | 58.8808200 | 11.1150910 | 49603959.9 | 1260036.6 | 3438.7 | Foam | Glass plate sampler | 3.8 | 4750 | 4.5 | 24.4 | sunny, some clouds | |
| Skagerrak_8 | 8 | 2020-02-15T13:45 | 2020-02-15T14:30 | 2020-02-15T14:45 | 2020-02-15T15:30 | 58.8867900 | 11.1067640 | 76712146.6 | 3032847.6 | 18253.4 | Foam | Glass plate sampler | 4.8 | 2517 | 4.7 | 27.2 | tight cloud cover, small waves w/o white caps, grey weather like it could starting raining | |
| Skagerrak_10b | 10b | 2020-02-24T12:31 | 2020-02-24T14:10 | 2020-02-24T13:31 | 2020-02-24T15:10 | 58.8795180 | 11.1249770 | 54908229.9 | 1515853.7 | 6119.9 | Foam | Glass plate sampler | 4.4 | 5.6 | 7520 | 3.5 | 27.0 | |
| Skagerrak_1 | 1 | 2020-02-03T12:30 | 2020-02-03T12:45 | 2020-02-03T13:30 | 2020-02-03T13:45 | 58.8801125 | 11.1071915 | 18720478.0 | 795487.8 | 3435.0 | Subsurface water (1m depth) | Syringe and hose | 1.0 | 7330 | 4.2 | 25.4 | sunny, calm sea | |
| Skagerrak_2 | 2 | 2020-02-04T08:15 | 2020-02-04T09:15 | 2020-02-04T09:15 | 2020-02-04T10:15 | 58.8808720 | 11.1112471 | 16761718.2 | 836737.8 | 4338.4 | Subsurface water (1m depth) | Syringe and hose | 3.4 | 2850 | 4.5 | 28.8 | cloudy, snow in the night before, surface looks like a slick | |
| Skagerrak_3 | 3 | 2020-02-06T13:30 | 2020-02-06T14:30 | 2020-02-06T14:30 | 2020-02-06T15:30 | 58.8818140 | 11.1108150 | 16013714.3 | 786567.1 | 2119.2 | Subsurface water (1m depth) | Syringe and hose | 1.0 | 7413 | 4.7 | 25.9 | sunny, some clouds, calm surface, starting sampling in a slick | |
| Skagerrak_4 | 4 | 2020-02-07T08:00 | 2020-02-07T09:00 | 2020-02-07T09:00 | 2020-02-07T10:00 | 58.8832680 | 11.1058270 | 14448214.6 | 749878.0 | 3408.8 | Subsurface water (1m depth) | Syringe and hose | 3.0 | 3078 | 4.0 | 27.1 | no clouds, very cold (0 degree), sun in the beginning | |
| Skagerrak_5 | 5 | 2020-02-11T12:48 | 2020-02-11T13:30 | 2020-02-11T13:48 | 2020-02-11T14:30 | 58.8819340 | 11.1207400 | 18847361.6 | 868262.2 | 4988.2 | Subsurface water (1m depth) | Syringe and hose | 6.0 | 6010 | 5.4 | 30.0 | sunny, some clouds, beginning white cap formation, water well mixed/turbid | |
| Skagerrak_6 | 6 | 2020-02-13T12:20 | 2020-02-13T13:30 | 2020-02-13T13:20 | 2020-02-13T14:30 | 58.8808200 | 11.1150910 | 19010261.2 | 780530.5 | 3023.9 | Subsurface water (1m depth) | Syringe and hose | 2.6 | 5.0 | 4750 | 4.5 | 24.4 | sunny, some clouds |
| Skagerrak_7 | 7 | 2020-02-14T08:25 | 2020-02-14T09:14 | 2020-02-14T09:25 | 2020-02-14T10:14 | 58.8760920 | 11.1109150 | 19883875.3 | 745937.5 | 3448.7 | Subsurface water (1m depth) | Syringe and hose | 0.0 | 2540 | 3.3 | 22.5 | sunny, little wind, surface like a mirror, clear water | |
| Skagerrak_8 | 8 | 2020-02-15T13:45 | 2020-02-15T14:30 | 2020-02-15T14:45 | 2020-02-15T15:30 | 58.8867900 | 11.1067640 | 18526851.5 | 758765.2 | 4238.5 | Subsurface water (1m depth) | Syringe and hose | 4.8 | 2517 | 4.7 | 27.2 | tight cloud cover, small waves w/o white caps, grey weather like it could starting raining | |
| Skagerrak_9 | 9 | 2020-02-19T09:17 | 2020-02-19T09:45 | 2020-02-19T10:17 | 2020-02-19T10:45 | 58.8858470 | 11.1061570 | 16450458.6 | 828856.7 | 4548.3 | Subsurface water (1m depth) | Syringe and hose | 3.1 | 5011 | 4.8 | 27.8 | sunny, blue sky, no clouds, some waves w/o white caps | |
| Skagerrak_10a | 10a | 2020-02-24T12:31 | 2020-02-24T14:10 | 2020-02-24T13:31 | 2020-02-24T15:10 | 58.8809870 | 11.1365080 | 18769174.3 | 847838.4 | 3878.6 | Subsurface water (1m depth) | Syringe and hose | 4.4 | 5.6 | 7520 | 3.5 | 27.0 | sun, some clouds, beginning white caps, sea flattened and wind speed decreased during sampling |
| Skagerrak_11 | 11 | 2020-02-26T12:35 | 2020-02-26T12:45 | 2020-02-26T13:35 | 2020-02-26T13:45 | 58.8762990 | 11.1095170 | 15145676.1 | 701115.9 | 2149.2 | Subsurface water (1m depth) | Syringe and hose | 5.2 | 6.0 | 6120 | 4.3 | 28.8 | sunny, few clouds, wavy w/o white caps |
| Skagerrak_12/R | 12/R | 2020-02-09T12:30 | 2020-02-10T08:15 | 2020-02-09T13:30 | 2020-02-10T09:15 | 58.8765692 | 11.1463651 | 64528.6 | 9141.2 | Rainwater | Duran glas bottle | total volume sampled: 1050 mL | ||||||
| Skagerrak_12/R | 12/R | 2020-02-14T16:00 | 2020-02-16T08:15 | 2020-02-14T17:00 | 2020-02-16T09:15 | 58.8765692 | 11.1463651 | 37034.5 | 3900.0 | Rainwater | Duran glas bottle | total volume sampled: 1000 mL | ||||||
| Skagerrak_12/R | 12/R | 2020-02-20T08:00 | 2020-02-21T12:00 | 2020-02-20T09:00 | 2020-02-21T13:00 | 58.8765692 | 11.1463651 | 117037.5 | 7875.0 | Rainwater | Duran glas bottle | total volume sampled: 580 mL | ||||||
| Skagerrak_12/R | 12/R | 2020-02-21T16:00 | 2020-02-22T14:00 | 2020-02-21T17:00 | 2020-02-22T15:00 | 58.8765692 | 11.1463651 | 267209.8 | 18002.3 | Rainwater | Duran glas bottle | total volume sampled: 150 mL | ||||||
| Skagerrak_12/R | 12/R | 2020-02-25T16:00 | 2020-02-26T14:00 | 2020-02-25T17:00 | 2020-02-26T15:00 | 58.8765692 | 11.1463651 | 341703.8 | 2673.6 | Rainwater | Duran glas bottle | total volume sampled: 35 mL |