Citation:

PANGAEA.947037

Name: Biochemical and morphological traits of the sugar kelp Saccharina latissima
Published: 2023-06-08
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: abiotic factors; diversity; haplotype network; PCA; PCA discrimination; phenotype; Saccharina latissima; Salinity; speciation; Temperature; variability

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Published: 2023-06-08 • DOI registered: 2023-07-07

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Abstract:

Broadly distributed seaweeds, such as the boreal-temperate kelp species Saccharina latissima, contain a multitude of metabolites supporting acclimation to environmental changes, such as temperature and salinity. In Europe, S. latissima occurs along the coasts from Spitsbergen to Portugal, including the Baltic Sea, exhibiting great morphological plasticity. We investigated the morphological and biochemical traits of field-collected sporophytes from 16 different locations across the species entire European distributional range in relation to local abiotic conditions (sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, sampling depth). By statistically linking morphological (frond length:width), biochemical (mannitol, phlorotannins, C:N), and genetic data of the mitochondrial cytochrome-c-oxidase I gene (COI-5P) to the geographic abiotic information, we aimed to obtain first insights into the site-specific adaptive features of this species. Mannitol concentrations were analyzed using a HPLC. The molar C:N ratio was analyzed with an elemental analyzer. Phlorotannins were analyzed using the photometric Folin-Ciocalteu method.

Keyword(s):

abiotic factors; diversity; haplotype network; PCA; PCA discrimination; phenotype; Saccharina latissima; Salinity; speciation; Temperature; variability

Supplement to:

Diehl, Nora; Steiner, Niko; Bischof, Kai; Karsten, Ulf; Heesch, Svenja (2023): Exploring intraspecific variability – Biochemical and morphological traits of the sugar kelp Saccharina latissima along latitudinal and salinity gradients in Europe. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.995982

Funding:

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn (DFG), grant/award no. VA 105/25-1 : Functional variability and dynamics of responses of marine forests to gobal change

German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. KA899/30-13: SPP 1158: Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas

Horizon 2020 (H2020), grant/award no. 869154 : The future of Arctic coastal ecosystems - Identifying transitions in fjord systems and adjacent coastal areas (FACE-IT)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 58.529430 * Median Longitude: 6.810891 * South-bound Latitude: 42.082800 * West-bound Longitude: -9.581200 * North-bound Latitude: 78.924933 * East-bound Longitude: 19.036300

Date/Time Start: 2018-06-15T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-07-10T00:00:00

Minimum DEPTH, water: 0.1 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 12.0 m

Event(s):

Amorosa_MULT * Latitude: 42.082800 * Longitude: -9.374300 * Location: Portugal * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)

Ansnas_MULT * Latitude: 63.637900 * Longitude: 8.990300 * Location: Norway * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)

Bergen_MULT * Latitude: 60.226917 * Longitude: 5.286783 * Location: Norway * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)

Comment:

COI-5P sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession no.s ON661800-ON661872 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ON661800 to https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ON661872).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Diehl, Nora
2	Latitude of event	Latitude		Diehl, Nora
3	Longitude of event	Longitude		Diehl, Nora
4	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Diehl, Nora		Geocode – Sampling date
5	Species	Species		Diehl, Nora
6	Family	Family		Diehl, Nora
7	Location	Location		Diehl, Nora
8	Sample ID	Sample ID		Diehl, Nora
9	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Diehl, Nora		Geocode – Minimum sampling depth
10	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Diehl, Nora		Geocode – Maximum sampling depth
11	Index	Index		Diehl, Nora		Depth category (1: < 1m; 2: 1-3 m; 3: 3-5 m; 4: > 5m)
12	Salinity	Sal		Diehl, Nora
13	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Diehl, Nora
14	Saccharina latissima, length	S. latissima l	cm	Diehl, Nora
15	Saccharina latissima, width	S. latissima w	cm	Diehl, Nora
16	Saccharina latissima length/width ratio	S. latissima l/w		Diehl, Nora
17	Mannitol	Mannitol	mg/g	Diehl, Nora	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)	Dry weight
18	Phlorotannins	Phloro	mg/g	Diehl, Nora	Photometric (Folin-Ciocalteu)	Dry weight
19	Saccharina latissima, carbon/nitrogen ratio	S. latissima C/N	mol/mol	Diehl, Nora	Elemental analyzer	Dry weight

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1008 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 Date/Time (Sampling date)	5 Species	6 Family	7 Location	8 Sample ID	9 Depth water [m] (Minimum sampling depth)	10 Depth water [m] (Maximum sampling depth)	11 Index (Depth category (1: < 1m; 2: 1...)	12 Sal	13 Temp [°C]	14 S. latissima l [cm]	15 S. latissima w [cm]	16 S. latissima l/w	17 Mannitol [mg/g] (Dry weight, High Performance ...)	18 Phloro [mg/g] (Dry weight, Photometric (Foli...)	19 S. latissima C/N [mol/mol] (Dry weight, Elemental analyzer)
Ny-Alesund_MULT	78.9249	11.9185	2019-06-28	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ny-Alesund	S1	12.0		5	33	5.7	142.0	59.0	2.407	225.344	7.464	23.668
Ny-Alesund_MULT	78.9249	11.9185	2019-06-28	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ny-Alesund	S2	12.0		5	33	5.7	107.0	40.0	2.675	255.292	2.212	22.875
Ny-Alesund_MULT	78.9249	11.9185	2019-06-28	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ny-Alesund	S3	12.0		5	33	5.7	110.0	45.0	2.444	208.808	3.060	25.907
Ny-Alesund_MULT	78.9249	11.9185	2019-06-28	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ny-Alesund	S4	12.0		5	33	5.7	105.0	38.0	2.763	257.515	8.251	25.371
Ny-Alesund_MULT	78.9249	11.9185	2019-06-28	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ny-Alesund	S5	12.0		5	33	5.7	80.0	44.0	1.818	228.583	1.468	29.675
Tromso_MULT	69.7543	19.0363	2018-06-28	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Tromso	T 1	1.0		0	33	6.8	113.0	25.0	4.520	119.974	6.019	23.198
Tromso_MULT	69.7543	19.0363	2018-06-28	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Tromso	T 2	1.0		0	33	6.8	130.0	19.0	6.842	280.877	3.392	37.584
Tromso_MULT	69.7543	19.0363	2018-06-28	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Tromso	T 3	1.0		0	33	6.8	80.0	14.5	5.517	94.466	10.184	19.407
Tromso_MULT	69.7543	19.0363	2018-06-28	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Tromso	T 4	1.0		0	33	6.8	115.0	23.0	5.000	71.953	4.697	17.364
Tromso_MULT	69.7543	19.0363	2018-06-28	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Tromso	T 5	1.0		0	33	6.8	84.0	16.0	5.250	64.242	4.095	16.149
Bodo_MULT	67.2765	14.5747	2018-06-17	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Bodo	Bo 1	1.5		1	33	9.8	252.0	36.0	7.000	202.665	8.493	23.947
Bodo_MULT	67.2765	14.5747	2018-06-17	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Bodo	Bo 2	1.5		1	33	9.8	309.0	43.0	7.186	178.291	9.403	27.108
Bodo_MULT	67.2765	14.5747	2018-06-17	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Bodo	Bo 3	1.5		1	33	9.8	237.0	38.0	6.237	223.720	11.856	24.584
Bodo_MULT	67.2765	14.5747	2018-06-17	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Bodo	Bo 4	1.5		1	33	9.8	130.0	26.0	5.000	221.379	10.170	31.776
Bodo_MULT	67.2765	14.5747	2018-06-17	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Bodo	Bo 5	1.5		1	33	9.8	110.0	35.0	3.143	226.231	7.587	29.817
Ansnas_MULT	63.6379	8.9903	2018-06-20	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ansnas	An 1	1.5		1	32	9.7	54.0	23.0	2.348	80.150
Ansnas_MULT	63.6379	8.9903	2018-06-20	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ansnas	An 2	1.5		1	32	9.7	73.0	30.0	2.433	109.961	6.737	23.048
Ansnas_MULT	63.6379	8.9903	2018-06-20	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ansnas	An 3	1.5		1	32	9.7	120.0	55.0	2.182	155.678	6.288	33.550
Ansnas_MULT	63.6379	8.9903	2018-06-20	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ansnas	An 4	1.5		1	32	9.7	92.0	42.0	2.190	181.357	8.193	27.822
Ansnas_MULT	63.6379	8.9903	2018-06-20	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ansnas	An 5	1.5		1	32	9.7	140.0	43.0	3.256	178.254	6.837	29.574
Runde_S_MULT	62.3988	5.6548	2018-06-23	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Runde	RS 1	1.0		0	32	13.1	104.0	27.0	3.852	133.979	14.579	53.518
Runde_S_MULT	62.3988	5.6548	2018-06-23	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Runde	RS 2	1.0		0	32	13.1	146.0	25.0	5.840	173.531	17.677	48.977
Runde_S_MULT	62.3988	5.6548	2018-06-23	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Runde	RS 3	1.0		0	32	13.1	258.0	33.0	7.818	172.196	18.017	33.603
Runde_S_MULT	62.3988	5.6548	2018-06-23	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Runde	RS 4	1.0		0	32	13.1	128.0	25.0	5.120	163.022	17.040	44.569
Runde_S_MULT	62.3988	5.6548	2018-06-23	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Runde	RS 5	1.0		0	32	13.1	107.0	28.0	3.821	169.152	17.800	55.117
Runde_R_MULT	62.4033	5.6301	2018-06-23	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Runde	RR 1	2.5		1	32	13.1	223.0	12.5	17.840	278.310	5.514	25.660
Runde_R_MULT	62.4033	5.6301	2018-06-23	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Runde	RR 2	2.5		1	32	13.1	147.0	11.5	12.783	334.102	6.330	40.376
Runde_R_MULT	62.4033	5.6301	2018-06-23	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Runde	RR 3	2.5		1	32	13.1	196.0	9.5	20.632	259.912	5.987	34.864
Bergen_MULT	60.2269	5.2868	2018-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Bergen	Be 1	0.5		0	31	13.9	64.0	23.0	2.783	169.275	14.730	23.086
Bergen_MULT	60.2269	5.2868	2018-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Bergen	Be 2	0.5		0	31	13.9	113.0	30.0	3.767	212.009	7.401	24.619
Bergen_MULT	60.2269	5.2868	2018-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Bergen	Be 3	0.5		0	31	13.9	77.0	24.0	3.208	179.693	7.033	25.222
Bergen_MULT	60.2269	5.2868	2018-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Bergen	Be 4	0.5		0	31	13.9	79.0	28.0	2.821	167.080	3.621	19.285
Bergen_MULT	60.2269	5.2868	2018-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Bergen	Be 5	0.5		0	31	13.9	103.0	36.0	2.861	116.131	9.763	21.347
Egersund_MULT	58.4506	5.9041	2020-07-10	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Egersund	E 1	4.0	5.0	3	34	15.0	191.0	35.0	5.457	163.112	10.834	21.191
Egersund_MULT	58.4506	5.9041	2020-07-10	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Egersund	E 2	4.0	5.0	3	34	15.0	109.0	27.0	4.037	122.815	13.629	27.284
Egersund_MULT	58.4506	5.9041	2020-07-10	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Egersund	E 3	4.0	5.0	3	34	15.0	137.0	26.0	5.269	126.106	5.605	22.671
Egersund_MULT	58.4506	5.9041	2020-07-10	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Egersund	E 4	4.0	5.0	3	34	15.0	136.0	34.0	4.000	97.694	11.078	26.516
Egersund_MULT	58.4506	5.9041	2020-07-10	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Egersund	E 5	4.0	5.0	3	34	15.0	125.0	31.0	4.032	118.403	9.258	16.702
Helgoland_MULT	54.1791	7.9178	2018-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Helgoland	H 1	5.0		3	33	15.0	345.0	14.5	23.793	203.267	6.238
Helgoland_MULT	54.1791	7.9178	2018-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Helgoland	H 2	5.0		3	33	15.0	205.0	12.5	16.400	277.136	7.355	28.139
Helgoland_MULT	54.1791	7.9178	2018-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Helgoland	H 3	5.0		3	33	15.0	167.0	11.5	14.522	270.378	7.239	32.202
Helgoland_MULT	54.1791	7.9178	2018-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Helgoland	H 4	5.0		3	33	15.0	139.0	10.8	12.824	214.347	8.888	37.089
Helgoland_MULT	54.1791	7.9178	2018-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Helgoland	H 5	5.0		3	33	15.0	227.0	15.0	15.133	240.175	8.634	32.122
Locmariaquer_MULT	47.5586	-2.9245	2018-06-15	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Locmariaquer	L 1	4.0		3	32	20.0	250.0	13.0	18.939	183.664	5.572	16.803
Locmariaquer_MULT	47.5586	-2.9245	2018-06-15	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Locmariaquer	L 2	4.0		3	32	20.0	168.0	25.0	6.720	225.835	8.231	30.065
Locmariaquer_MULT	47.5586	-2.9245	2018-06-15	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Locmariaquer	L 3	4.0		3	32	20.0	139.0	20.0	6.950	206.008	6.840	24.236
Locmariaquer_MULT	47.5586	-2.9245	2018-06-15	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Locmariaquer	L 4	4.0		3	32	20.0	350.0	22.0	15.909	174.233	5.202	20.716
Locmariaquer_MULT	47.5586	-2.9245	2018-06-15	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Locmariaquer	L 5	4.0		3	32	20.0	228.0	31.0	7.355	211.413	5.927	33.245
Muros_MULT	43.2901	-9.5812	2020-07-07	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Muros	G 1	3.0	4.0	3	35	16.5	70.0	11.0	6.364	59.005	6.389	12.396
Muros_MULT	43.2901	-9.5812	2020-07-07	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Muros	G 2	3.0	4.0	3	35	16.5	86.0	13.0	6.615	200.119	7.460	21.821
Muros_MULT	43.2901	-9.5812	2020-07-07	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Muros	G 3	3.0	4.0	3	35	16.5	75.0	14.0	5.357	119.100	11.270	14.674
Muros_MULT	43.2901	-9.5812	2020-07-07	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Muros	G 4	3.0	4.0	3	35	16.5	56.0	24.0	2.333	148.124	6.927	15.773
Muros_MULT	43.2901	-9.5812	2020-07-07	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Muros	G 5	3.0	4.0	3	35	16.5	52.0	11.5	4.522	98.225	3.423	12.815
Amorosa_MULT	42.0828	-9.3743	2020-07-02	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Amorosa	P 1	2.0	3.0	1	35	15.0	50.0	4.0	12.500	56.795	3.464	9.968
Amorosa_MULT	42.0828	-9.3743	2020-07-02	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Amorosa	P 2	2.0	3.0	1	35	15.0	42.5	9.0	4.722		4.401	11.234
Amorosa_MULT	42.0828	-9.3743	2020-07-02	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Amorosa	P 3	2.0	3.0	1	35	15.0	41.5	7.2	5.764	63.511	4.899	10.993
Amorosa_MULT	42.0828	-9.3743	2020-07-02	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Amorosa	P 4	2.0	3.0	1	35	15.0	40.0	6.5	6.154	149.949	5.582	11.983
Amorosa_MULT	42.0828	-9.3743	2020-07-02	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Amorosa	P 5	2.0	3.0	1	35	15.0	36.0	5.0	7.200	118.171	8.729	10.922
Salto_MULT	58.8743	11.1220	2020-06-21	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Salto	Sa 1	3.0	4.0	3	28	16.0	127.0	13.3	9.549	115.558	17.855	17.323
Salto_MULT	58.8743	11.1220	2020-06-21	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Salto	Sa 2	3.0	4.0	3	28	16.0	125.0	17.6	7.102	102.075	16.775	20.705
Salto_MULT	58.8743	11.1220	2020-06-21	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Salto	Sa 3	3.0	4.0	3	28	16.0	140.0	15.9	8.805	111.665	10.093	23.007
Salto_MULT	58.8743	11.1220	2020-06-21	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Salto	Sa 4	3.0	4.0	3	28	16.0	130.0	15.8	8.228	117.510	10.614	17.877
Salto_MULT	58.8743	11.1220	2020-06-21	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Salto	Sa 5	3.0	4.0	3	28	16.0	143.0	14.4	9.931	144.239	17.506	15.949
Smogen_MULT	58.3509	11.2270	2020-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Smogen	Sm 1	4.0		3	21	20.6	218.0	18.4	11.848	119.226	14.361	20.765
Smogen_MULT	58.3509	11.2270	2020-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Smogen	Sm 2	4.0		3	21	20.6	294.0	14.1	20.851	120.622	16.624	22.132
Smogen_MULT	58.3509	11.2270	2020-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Smogen	Sm 3	4.0		3	21	20.6	158.0	16.2	9.753	88.020	7.132	28.098
Smogen_MULT	58.3509	11.2270	2020-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Smogen	Sm 4	4.0		3	21	20.6	239.0	17.8	13.427	152.048	18.925	26.443
Smogen_MULT	58.3509	11.2270	2020-06-26	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Smogen	Sm 5	4.0		3	21	20.6	166.0	17.3	9.595	78.796	10.187	25.730
Kiel_MULT	54.4260	10.1689	2019-06-06	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Kiel	K1 7	0.1	0.5	0	17	18.5	57.3	10.0	5.736	119.013	6.948	16.117
Kiel_MULT	54.4260	10.1689	2019-06-06	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Kiel	K1 11	0.1	0.5	0	17	18.5	46.8	9.7	4.845	44.668	3.869	11.849
Kiel_MULT	54.4260	10.1689	2019-06-06	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Kiel	K1 12	0.1	0.5	0	17	18.5	40.1	10.5	3.834	83.282	8.214	14.494
Kiel_MULT	54.4260	10.1689	2019-06-06	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Kiel	K1 14	0.1	0.5	0	17	18.5	44.8	5.7	7.876	61.415	3.182	13.368
Kiel_MULT	54.4260	10.1689	2019-06-06	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Kiel	K1 15	0.1	0.5	0	17	18.5	42.2	6.2	6.848	97.838	7.082	14.973
Ruegen_MULT	54.6358	13.4230	2019-08-29	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ruegen	Rü 1	10.0		5	7	18.0	25.5	8.6	2.965	47.670	3.702	27.369
Ruegen_MULT	54.6358	13.4230	2019-08-29	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ruegen	Rü 2	10.0		5	7	18.0	23.5	5.0	4.700	57.213	5.710	23.618
Ruegen_MULT	54.6358	13.4230	2019-08-29	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ruegen	Rü 3	10.0		5	7	18.0	13.0	6.4	2.031	77.020	7.663	17.597
Ruegen_MULT	54.6358	13.4230	2019-08-29	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ruegen	Rü 4	10.0		5	7	18.0	5.6	4.1	1.366	92.823	6.831	13.816
Ruegen_MULT	54.6358	13.4230	2019-08-29	Saccharina latissima	Phaeophyceae	Ruegen	Rü 5	10.0		5	7	18.0	5.4	1.1	4.909		17.077