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Taucher, Jan; Bach, Lennart Thomas; Prowe, Friederike; Boxhammer, Tim; Kvale, Karin F; Riebesell, Ulf (2022): Seawater carbonate chemistry and mass fluxes and elemental composition of particulate export in KOSMOS mesocosm experiments (2010-2014) [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.946304

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Abstract:
Diatoms account for up to 40% of marine primary production and require silicic acid to grow and build their opal shell. On the physiological and ecological level, diatoms are thought to be resistant to, or even benefit from, ocean acidification. Yet, global-scale responses and implications for biogeochemical cycles in the future ocean remain largely unknown. Here we conducted five in situ mesocosm experiments with natural plankton communities in different biomes and find that ocean acidification increases the elemental ratio of silicon (Si) to nitrogen (N) of sinking biogenic matter by 17 ± 6 per cent under pCO2 conditions projected for the year 2100. This shift in Si:N seems to be caused by slower chemical dissolution of silica at decreasing seawater pH. We test this finding with global sediment trap data, which confirm a widespread influence of pH on Si:N in the oceanic water column. Earth system model simulations show that a future pH-driven decrease in silica dissolution of sinking material reduces the availability of silicic acid in the surface ocean, triggering a global decline of diatoms by 13–26 per cent due to ocean acidification by the year 2200. This outcome contrasts sharply with the conclusions of previous experimental studies, thereby illustrating how our current understanding of biological impacts of ocean change can be considerably altered at the global scale through unexpected feedback mechanisms in the Earth system.
Keyword(s):
Arctic; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field experiment; Mesocosm or benthocosm; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Polar; Temperate
Supplement to:
Taucher, Jan; Bach, Lennart Thomas; Prowe, Friederike; Boxhammer, Tim; Kvale, Karin F; Riebesell, Ulf (2022): Enhanced silica export in a future ocean triggers global diatom decline. Nature, 605(7911), 696-700, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04687-0
Original version:
Taucher, Jan; Boxhammer, Tim (2022): Mass fluxes and elemental composition of particulate export in KOSMOS mesocosm experiments on ocean acidification (2010-2014) [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940756
Further details:
Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James (2021): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.16. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 57.054478 * Median Longitude: 7.306510 * South-bound Latitude: 27.928060 * West-bound Longitude: -15.365280 * North-bound Latitude: 78.953500 * East-bound Longitude: 23.258330
Date/Time Start: 2010-06-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-10-26T00:00:00
Minimum Elevation: -25.0 m * Maximum Elevation: 0.0 m
Event(s):
Kongsfjorden-mesocosm * Latitude: 78.953500 * Longitude: 11.956000 * Elevation Start: 0.0 m * Elevation End: -25.0 m * Location: Svalbard * Method/Device: Mesocosm experiment (MESO)
KOSMOS_2011_Bergen (Raunefjord) * Latitude: 60.264500 * Longitude: 5.205500 * Date/Time Start: 2011-05-05T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-06-05T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Mesocosm experiment (MESO)
KOSMOS_2012_Tvaerminne * Latitude: 59.858330 * Longitude: 23.258330 * Date/Time: 2012-06-12T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Mesocosm experiment (MESO)
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2021) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2022-07-13.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1Event labelEventTaucher, Jan
2TypeTypeTaucher, JanStudy
3Area/localityAreaTaucher, Janof experiment
4DATE/TIMEDate/TimeTaucher, JanGeocode
5Day of experimentDOEdayTaucher, Jan
6Treatment: partial pressure of carbon dioxideT:pCO2µatmTaucher, Janat seawater temperature; temporal average over the study period
7Biogenic silica, flux per daybSiO2 fluxµmol/l/dayTaucher, JanMeasured spectrophotometrically after alkaline leaching of particulate matterflux normalized to mesocosm volume, thus given as concentration per L
8Nitrogen, organic, particulate, flux per dayPON fluxµmol/l/dayTaucher, JanElemental analyzerflux normalized to mesocosm volume, thus given as concentration per L
9Carbon, organic, particulate, flux per dayPOC fluxµmol/l/dayTaucher, JanElemental analyzerflux normalized to mesocosm volume, thus given as concentration per L
10Silicon/Nitrogen flux ratioSi/N fluxmol/molTaucher, Jan
11Carbon/Nitrogen flux ratioC/N fluxmol/molTaucher, Jan
12Silicon/Carbon flux ratioSi/C fluxmol/molTaucher, Jan
13SalinitySalTaucher, Jan
14Temperature, waterTemp°CTaucher, Jan
15Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgTaucher, Jan
16Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgTaucher, Jan
17pHpHTaucher, Jantotal scale
18SilicateSi(OH)4µmol/kgTaucher, Jan
19Phosphate[PO4]3-µmol/kgTaucher, Jan
20Carbonate system computation flagCSC flagYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21pHpHYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)total scale
22Carbon dioxideCO2µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)fCO2water_SST_wetµatmYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25Bicarbonate ion[HCO3]-µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29Calcite saturation stateOmega CalYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
22257 data points

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