Citation:

PANGAEA.946057

Name: Analysis of deep-sea ferromanganese nodules using particle-induced X-ray emission technique
Published: 2022-07-07
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Geochemistry; manganese micronodule; manganese nodule; ocean; sediment

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Published: 2022-07-07 • DOI registered: 2022-08-05

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Abstract:

Seven samples of ferromanganese nodules were analyzed using particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE). All the samples were air-dried, crushed, and ground to a fine particle size (<100 mesh). Between 200 and 300 mg of each of the nodule samples was digested in a Teflon-lined stainless steel vessel with a 3:3:1 mixture of Ultrex HNO3, HF, and HC1 at 110 "C for several hours. A Nuclepore filter was impregnated with three 100-µL aliquots of the resulting solution and the thin target sandwiched between Kapton. The samples were irradiated with a 1-MeV proton beam for 1/2 h and the low-energy X-ray spectrum (0-10 keV) was collected. The high-energy (5-35 keV) emission spectrum obtained with a 2-MeV proton beam was collected for 1 h with a 0.004-in. A1 filter. The elemental concentrations present in the thin targets were calculated from the X-ray efficiency curves as described for the standard reference materials.

Keyword(s):

Geochemistry; manganese micronodule; manganese nodule; ocean; sediment

Related to:

Kirchner, Stephen J; Oona, H; Perron, Steven J; Fernando, Quintus; Lee, John Jong-Hae; Zeitlin, Harry (1980): Proton-induced x-ray emission analysis of deep-sea ferromanganese nodules. Analytical Chemistry, 52(13), 2195-2201, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50063a046

Source:

Grant, John Bruce; Moore, Carla J; Alameddin, George; Chen, Kuiying; Barton, Mark (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V52Z13FT

Further details:

Warnken, Robin R; Virden, William T; Moore, Carla J (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Bibliography. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V53X84KN

Project(s):

NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database (NOAA-MMS)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 15.838819 * Median Longitude: -116.787123 * South-bound Latitude: -48.466600 * West-bound Longitude: 169.071670 * North-bound Latitude: 45.971670 * East-bound Longitude: -55.233300

Date/Time Start: 1972-02-27T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1977-06-29T00:00:00

Minimum Elevation: -5390.0 m * Maximum Elevation: -980.0 m

Event(s):

CRU9121 * Latitude: 19.816660 * Longitude: -121.733330 * Elevation: -4320.0 m * Location: Pacific Ocean * Method/Device: Dredge (DRG)

KK72MW-RD20 * Latitude: 28.816700 * Longitude: -178.950000 * Date/Time: 1972-07-24T00:00:00 * Elevation: -980.0 m * Location: Pacific Ocean * Campaign: * Basis: Kana Keoki * Method/Device: Dredge, rock (DRG_R)

KK770317-RD23 (KK770317 STA58) * Latitude: 45.971670 * Longitude: 169.071670 * Date/Time: 1977-06-29T00:00:00 * Elevation: -3180.0 m * Location: Pacific Oean * Campaign: (KK770317) * Basis: Kana Keoki * Method/Device: Dredge, rock (DRG_R)

Comment:

From 1983 until 1989 NOAA-NCEI compiled the NOAA-MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database from journal articles, technical reports and unpublished sources from other institutions. At the time it was the most extended data compilation on ferromanganese deposits world wide. Initially published in a proprietary format incompatible with present day standards it was jointly decided by AWI and NOAA to transcribe this legacy data into PANGAEA. This transfer is augmented by a careful checking of the original sources when available and the encoding of ancillary information (sample description, method of analysis...) not present in the NOAA-MMS database.

This tables is digitized from Table IV - A, pp. 2200 of the linked publication.

The data presented result from an average over 5 replicate analyses

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device
1	Event label	Event		Kirchner, Stephen J
2	Latitude of event	Latitude		Kirchner, Stephen J
3	Longitude of event	Longitude		Kirchner, Stephen J
4	Elevation of event	Elevation	m	Kirchner, Stephen J
5	Sample code/label	Sample label		Kirchner, Stephen J
6	Identification	ID		Kirchner, Stephen J
7	Sodium	Na	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
8	Magnesium	Mg	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
9	Aluminium	Al	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
10	Silicon	Si	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
11	Potassium	K	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
12	Calcium	Ca	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
13	Titanium	Ti	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
14	Vanadium	V	mg/kg	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
15	Manganese	Mn	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
16	Iron	Fe	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
17	Cobalt	Co	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
18	Nickel	Ni	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
19	Copper	Cu	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
20	Zinc	Zn	mg/kg	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
21	Arsenic	As	mg/kg	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
22	Rubidium	Rb	mg/kg	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
23	Strontium	Sr	mg/kg	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
24	Molybdenum	Mo	mg/kg	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
25	Cadmium	Cd	mg/kg	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
26	Barium	Ba	%	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
27	Thallium	Tl	mg/kg	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
28	Lead	Pb	mg/kg	Kirchner, Stephen J	Particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE)
29	Deposit type	Deposit type		Kirchner, Stephen J

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

169 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 Elevation [m]	5 Sample label	6 ID	7 Na [%]	8 Mg [%]	9 Al [%]	10 Si [%]	11 K [%]	12 Ca [%]	13 Ti [%]	14 V [mg/kg]	15 Mn [%]	16 Fe [%]	17 Co [%]	18 Ni [%]	19 Cu [%]	20 Zn [mg/kg]	21 As [mg/kg]	22 Rb [mg/kg]	23 Sr [mg/kg]	24 Mo [mg/kg]	25 Cd [mg/kg]	26 Ba [%]	27 Tl [mg/kg]	28 Pb [mg/kg]	29 Deposit type
KK72MW-RD20	28.8167	-178.9500	-980	MDH	KK72MW-RD20-1K1	1.70	1.32	4.01	13.24	0.61	4.83	2.51	395	6.27	11.94	0.200	0.16	0.02	376	35	8	487	301		0.14	38	526	Mn nodule
VA_Kirch	9.0000	-148.5000	-5000	VA	VA_Kirch-1K1	1.29	1.41	1.70	5.36	0.83	0.91	1.02	270	19.81	6.82	0.050	0.99	0.68	1004	55	10	989	697	80	0.32	165	430	Mn nodule
KK770317-RD23	45.9717	169.0717	-3180	KK	KK770317-RD23-1K1	2.05	1.64	1.00	9.47	0.58	0.63	1.58	35	10.34	10.98	0.100	0.31	0.30	848	53	11	1620	295		0.37	15	938	Mn nodule
RC15-5RD	-48.4666	-55.2333	-2915	D-5	RC15-5RD-1K1	2.03	1.43	1.35	12.80	0.42	1.73	1.05	685	13.00	16.89	0.088	0.22	589.00	637	88	12	828	683		0.26	96	1146	Mn nodule
RC15-20RD	27.7000	-61.1666	-5390	D-20	RC15-20RD-1K1	1.78	1.68	2.97	8.83	0.60	1.34	0.69	410	13.70	13.05	0.090	0.27	0.12	413	23	18	476	305		0.17	97	493	Mn nodule
CRU9121	19.8167	-121.7333	-4320	CRU	CRU9121-1K1	1.05	1.57	2.01	11.34	0.79	1.32	0.73	295	21.00	7.35	0.120	0.93	0.63	687	33	14	528	644		0.41	138	427	Mn nodule
RC15-28RD	28.0333	-60.9983	-5105	D-28	RC15-28RD-1K1	1.43	1.62	2.59	8.37	0.52	0.79	1.01	589	12.93	13.83	0.220	0.29	0.14	495	48	12	474	280		0.13	87	637	Mn nodule