Rigby, Kristie; Kinnby, Alexandra; Grønning, Josephine; Ryderheim, Fredrik; Cervin, Gunnar; Berdan, Emma L; Selander, Erik (2022): Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth, chain length, silica content, and toxin content of four species of diatoms and one toxic dinoflagellate [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.945734
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Abstract:
Phytoplankton induce defensive traits in response to chemical alarm signals from grazing zooplankton. However, these signals are potentially vulnerable to changes in pH and it is not yet known how predator recognition may be affected by ocean acidification. We exposed four species of diatoms and one toxic dinoflagellate to future pCO2 levels, projected by the turn of the century, in factorial combinations with predatory cues from copepods (copepodamides). We measured the change in growth, chain length, silica content, and toxin content. Effects of increased pCO2 were highly species specific. The induction of defensive traits was accompanied by a significant reduction in growth rate in three out of five species. The reduction averaged 39% and we interpret this as an allocation cost associated with defensive traits. Copepodamides induced significant chain length reduction in three of the four diatom species. Under elevated pCO2 Skeletonema marinoi reduced silica content by 30% and in Alexandrium minutum the toxin content was reduced by 30%. Using copepodamides to induce defensive traits in the absence of direct grazing provides a straightforward methodology to assess costs of defense in microplankton. We conclude that copepodamide signalling system is likely robust to ocean acidification. Moreover, the variable responses of different taxa to ocean acidification suggest that there will be winners and losers in a high pCO2 world, and that ocean acidification may have structuring effects on phytoplankton communities.
Keyword(s):
Alexandrium minutum; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chaetoceros affinis; Chaetoceros curvisetus; Chromista; Growth/Morphology; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; Not applicable; Ochrophyta; Other; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Single species; Skeletonema marinoi; Thalassiosira rotula
Supplement to:
Rigby, Kristie; Kinnby, Alexandra; Grønning, Josephine; Ryderheim, Fredrik; Cervin, Gunnar; Berdan, Emma L; Selander, Erik (2022): Species Specific Responses to Grazer Cues and Acidification in Phytoplankton- Winners and Losers in a Changing World. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.875858
Further details:
Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James (2021): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.16. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html
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Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2021) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2022-06-29.
Parameter(s):
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
94058 data points
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