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Emeis, Kay-Christian; Struck, Ulrich (2022): High-resolution analyses of delta18O and delta13C versus PDB of Globigerinoides ruber calcite, alkenone unsaturation ratios, temperatures calculated from UK'37 and concentrations of C37:3 + C37:2 alkenones across sapropel intervals at ODP Site 969 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.945382

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Published: 2022-06-14DOI registered: 2022-07-23

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Abstract:
Samples were obtained from either those taken aboard JOIDES Resolution during Leg 160 or in the Bremen Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Core Repository. On the ship, approximately one-quarter of a core in sapropel intervals and the surrounding sediments was sliced off the working halves, wrapped in plastic, and stored frozen until shipping. In the shore-based laboratory, the quarter cores were cut in 1-cm subsamples and freeze dried. Samples taken in the Core Repository consisted of 1-cm sediment intervals across sapropels and adjoining sediments collected with plastic scoops, which were also freeze dried upon arrival in Warnemünde. For each sample, we calculated the revised meters composite depth (rmcd) below seafloor based on the tables provided by Sakamoto et al. (1998).
The freeze-dried samples (~2-4 g dry weight) were subsequently split into subsamples. Two grams were wet sieved to obtain the >63-μm fraction, and the residue was used to pick up to 20 tests (sometimes samples were barren or contained less than 20 tests) of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (white) for isotope analyses. This species is a shallow-dwelling planktonic foraminifer and the isotope signal of the calcite tests records global ice-volume variations, salinity, and temperature near the sea surface. The isotopic composition of oxygen and carbon in the calcite was analyzed with a Finigan MAT 251 mass spectrometer, and the measurement was calibrated against the Peedee Belemnite (PDB) reference scale through international isotope standards. The isotopic results are expressed in the usual notation delta = (Rs/Rst -1) * 1000, with Rs and Rst denoting the 13C/12C or 18O/16O ratios in the sample CO2 and the international standard, respectively. The standard deviation of the isotope analyses is ±0.02‰.
The second subsample (~1-2 g dry weight) was used to extract lipids and to estimate the alkenone unsaturation index , a SST indicator (Brassell et al., 1986). Weighted splits of freeze-dried and homogenized sediments were extracted by ultrasonic agitation with 35-mL CH2Cl2 (2 ' 10 min). Elemental sulfur was removed by the addition of copper foil during the extraction. After each extraction step, samples were centrifuged, and the solvent was collected by pipette. The two lipid extracts were combined and dried in a rotary evaporator. The extracts were redissolved in CH2Cl2 and precleaned over a silica gel column (conditioned with 30-mL CH2Cl2) by elution with 14-mL CH2Cl2 and dried again in a rotary evaporator. The extracts were redissolved in n-hexane and subsequently fractionated using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC column, packed with silica gel was MERCK LiChrospher Si 100-5. Four fractions were obtained using 5.5-mL n-hexane, 14-mL n-hexane/dichloromethane, 9-mL dichloromethane, and 9-mL acetone as eluents. The ketones (here: alkenones) were isolated in the second fraction. The first fraction contained the aliphatic hydrocarbons, and the third and fourth fractions yielded the more polar compounds.
Gas chromatographic (GC) analyses were carried out on a HR 8000 Fisons gas chromatograph (FID, cold on-column injection) equipped with a 30-m (0.32 mmÆ) glass capillary column (DB5HT). Helium was used as a carrier gas (column head pressure 110 kPa). Oven temperature programming conditions were from 35°C to 300°C at 15°C min-1 followed by an isothermal period of 15 min at 300°C and from 300°C to 330°C at 15°C min-1 followed by an isothermal period of 10 min at 330°C. Alkenones were identified by comparing retention times with those of synthetic standards. Peak areas were converted to the UK'37 index, and SSTs calculated according to a global coretop calibration (Müller et al., 1998): SST (°C) = (C37:2 / (C37:2 + C37:3) - 0.044) / 0.033. Alkenone concentrations were determined from GC analyses of the ketone fractions based on peak responses relative to 5alpha-cholestane as an external standard. Results of triplicate analyses (n = 4) indicate that the standard deviation of temperatures calculated from UK'37 is 0.2°C (range 0°C–0.3°C).
Age for each sample was calculated by linear interpolation between stratigraphic fix points (sapropel bases) as described in Emeis et al., (2003).
Because of limited sample material, we were not able to perform all analyses on all sapropels.
Keyword(s):
alkenone SST; delta18O; Mediterranean Sea; sapropels
Related to:
Brassell, Simon C; Eglinton, Geoffrey; Marlowe, I T; Pflaumann, Uwe; Sarnthein, Michael (1986): Molecular stratigraphy: a new tool for climatic assessment. Nature, 320(6058), 129-133, https://doi.org/10.1038/320129a0
Emeis, Kay-Christian; Schulz, Hartmut; Struck, Ulrich; Rossignol-Strick, Martine; Erlenkeuser, Helmut; Howell, M W; Kroon, Dick; Mackensen, Andreas; Ishizuka, S; Oba, Tadamichi; Sakamoto, Tatsuhiko; Koizumi, Itaru (2003): Eastern Mediterranean surface water temperatures and d18O composition during deposition of sapropels in the late Quaternary. Paleoceanography, 18(1), 1005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000617
Müller, Peter J; Kirst, Georg; Ruhland, Götz; Von Storch, Isabel; Rosell-Melé, Antoni (1998): Calibration of the alkenone paleotemperature index UK'37 based on core-tops from the eastern South Atlantic and the global ocean (60°N-60°S). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62(10), 1757-1772, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00097-0
Sakamoto, Tatsuhiko; Janecek, Thomas R; Emeis, Kay-Christian (1998): Continuous sedimentary sequences from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: composite depth sections. In: Robertson, AHF; Emeis, K-C; Richter, C; Camerlenghi, A (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 160: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 160, 37-59, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.160.053.1998
Project(s):
Coverage:
Latitude: 33.841100 * Longitude: 24.883100
Date/Time Start: 1995-04-16T15:20:00 * Date/Time End: 1995-04-16T17:55:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.20 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 7.11 m
Event(s):
160-969E * Latitude: 33.841100 * Longitude: 24.883100 * Date/Time Start: 1995-04-16T17:55:00 * Date/Time End: 1995-04-16T15:20:00 * Elevation: -2201.0 m * Penetration: 97.9 m * Recovery: 100.23 m * Location: Eastern Basin * Campaign: Leg160 * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 11 core; 97.9 m cored; 0 m drilled; 102.4 % recovery
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
1482 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Sample label

Depth sed [m]

Depth comp r [rmcd]

Age [ka BP]

G. ruber δ13C [‰ PDB]

G. ruber w δ13C std dev [±]

G. ruber δ18O [‰ PDB]

G. ruber w δ18O std dev [±]

UK'37
10 
SST [°C]
11 
C37:2 + C37:3 [ng/g]
160-969E-1-1,20-210.200.2306.241.020.010.080.020.68819.14
160-969E-1-1,21-220.210.2396.490.600.030.380.040.69619.33
160-969E-1-1,22-230.220.2476.751.050.02-0.030.040.69019.14
160-969E-1-1,23-240.230.2567.000.840.01-0.020.020.77721.72
160-969E-1-1,24-250.240.2647.260.940.01-0.180.02
160-969E-1-1,25-260.250.2737.520.490.050.000.050.77221.66
160-969E-1-1,26-270.260.2817.780.76221.313
160-969E-1-1,27-280.270.2898.041.330.01-0.790.030.75821.124
160-969E-1-1,28-290.280.2998.340.87-0.470.72020.068
160-969E-1-1,29-300.290.3088.640.590.02-0.170.040.66618.4253
160-969E-1-1,30-310.300.3188.941.080.03-0.510.030.73620.526
160-969E-1-1,31-320.310.3279.250.960.02-0.710.020.68118.9460
160-969E-1-1,32-330.320.3379.551.010.02-0.610.030.67818.8357
160-969E-1-1,33-340.330.3469.880.930.02-0.480.030.66818.5661
160-969E-1-1,34-350.340.35510.221.070.02-0.950.030.66418.4733
160-969E-1-1,35-360.350.36510.571.170.02-0.830.030.65518.1587
160-969E-1-1,36-370.360.37410.920.890.01-0.420.020.62217.1676
160-969E-1-1,37-380.370.38411.281.220.04-0.760.040.58816.1326
160-969E-1-1,38-390.380.39311.650.860.020.260.020.62617.372
160-969E-1-1,39-400.390.40312.010.830.020.160.020.63017.440
160-969E-1-2,110-1112.602.30277.750.820.020.530.03
160-969E-1-2,111-1122.612.31278.180.830.041.270.04
160-969E-1-2,112-1132.622.32178.60-0.030.020.510.02
160-969E-1-2,113-1142.632.33179.030.290.020.540.02
160-969E-1-2,114-1152.642.34179.460.430.010.570.020.81822.936
160-969E-1-2,115-1162.652.34979.830.300.060.69219.280
160-969E-1-2,116-1172.662.35780.190.500.010.500.020.72720.2281
160-969E-1-2,117-1182.672.36580.551.070.010.220.020.61016.82161
160-969E-1-2,118-1192.682.37380.910.400.02-0.060.030.62317.25179
160-969E-1-2,120-1212.702.38981.621.160.02-1.030.030.62117.1254
160-969E-1-2,121-1222.712.39781.981.010.02-1.060.010.63017.4401
160-969E-1-2,122-1232.722.40582.340.68419.0107
160-969E-1-2,123-1242.732.41382.700.640.020.410.010.70519.66998
160-969E-1-2,124-1252.742.42183.060.740.03-0.420.040.64117.74965
160-969E-1-2,125-1262.752.42983.420.890.020.940.020.62017.1403
160-969E-1-2,126-1272.762.43783.781.180.020.950.020.59316.373
160-969E-1-2,127-1282.772.44684.151.230.021.080.02
160-969E-1-2,128-1292.782.45484.541.340.011.020.02
160-969E-1-2,129-1302.792.46384.921.450.031.600.04
160-969E-1-3,20-213.202.812101.511.170.021.070.02
160-969E-1-3,20-223.212.820101.900.72920.313
160-969E-1-3,21-223.212.820101.900.970.02-0.230.010.77721.717
160-969E-1-3,22-233.222.829102.291.220.011.000.020.78221.915
160-969E-1-3,23-243.232.837102.680.760.031.180.030.74920.913
160-969E-1-3,24-253.242.846103.071.090.030.990.020.73920.66
160-969E-1-3,25-263.252.854103.450.660.03-0.780.020.71419.9134
160-969E-1-3,26-273.262.863103.830.750.01-1.360.020.66618.4661
160-969E-1-3,27-283.272.871104.200.290.05-0.610.070.65718.23442
160-969E-1-3,28-293.282.879104.540.610.02-1.170.020.65718.23008
160-969E-1-3,29-303.292.887104.890.660.02-1.000.030.65918.21052
160-969E-1-3,30-313.302.896105.230.730.030.670.050.61416.977
160-969E-1-3,31-323.312.904105.570.660.020.610.010.59316.3284
160-969E-1-3,60-613.603.210118.300.520.020.720.030.75421.013
160-969E-1-3,61-623.613.222118.781.020.020.440.020.76221.311
160-969E-1-3,62-633.623.234119.260.800.020.240.010.69119.210
160-969E-1-3,63-643.633.246119.730.590.01-0.160.030.85424.08
160-969E-1-3,64-653.643.258120.210.520.01-0.150.030.67218.69
160-969E-1-3,65-663.653.270120.680.540.02-0.180.020.78321.98
160-969E-1-3,66-673.663.282121.140.340.020.310.030.83023.35
160-969E-1-3,67-683.673.294121.61-0.090.010.330.020.82523.17
160-969E-1-3,68-693.683.306122.060.730.02-0.150.030.84123.642
160-969E-1-3,69-703.693.318122.510.370.02-0.090.040.76321.35343
160-969E-1-3,70-713.703.330122.960.78521.92623
160-969E-1-3,71-723.713.342123.400.140.020.410.020.75120.911768
160-969E-1-3,72-733.723.354123.83-0.800.04-0.140.010.74320.79951
160-969E-1-3,73-743.733.366124.25-0.220.020.030.030.76621.410616
160-969E-1-3,74-753.743.378124.67-0.680.01-0.490.030.78121.89166
160-969E-1-3,75-763.753.390125.07-0.470.03-1.270.040.73520.52099
160-969E-1-3,76-773.763.402125.45-0.240.03-1.370.020.71219.81239
160-969E-1-3,77-783.773.414125.82-1.020.03-1.260.020.68519.04939
160-969E-1-3,78-793.783.426126.17-1.270.08-0.780.090.72020.02017
160-969E-1-3,79-803.793.438126.49-0.070.02-0.320.060.63817.61640
160-969E-1-3,80-813.803.296-0.700.03-0.910.030.69419.34200
160-969E-1-3,81-823.813.304-0.580.03-1.620.030.60916.82681
160-969E-1-3,82-833.823.312-0.640.02-1.480.020.61617.01002
160-969E-1-3,83-843.833.320-0.040.02-1.920.020.60516.61740
160-969E-1-3,84-853.843.328-0.200.03-1.040.050.60316.6803
160-969E-1-3,85-863.853.336-0.310.01-1.020.020.72420.12189
160-969E-1-3,86-873.863.344-0.290.02-1.020.040.75421.05417
160-969E-1-3,87-883.873.3520.150.02-0.750.020.72820.34621
160-969E-1-3,88-893.883.360-0.160.010.260.020.73220.45498
160-969E-1-3,89-903.893.368-0.170.03-0.090.030.77921.84267
160-969E-1-3,90-913.903.377-0.050.030.020.010.75921.24241
160-969E-1-3,91-923.913.3850.250.02-0.360.020.74420.75054
160-969E-1-3,92-933.923.3940.080.02-0.320.020.75321.07337
160-969E-1-3,93-943.933.402-0.390.01-0.650.02
160-969E-1-3,94-953.943.411-0.810.03-1.950.020.75921.23721
160-969E-1-3,95-963.953.419-0.130.02-0.970.020.73920.66871
160-969E-1-3,96-973.963.428-0.110.04-2.360.020.76021.210434
160-969E-1-3,97-983.973.4370.510.02-2.230.030.71820.07837
160-969E-1-3,98-993.983.4450.180.02-1.810.010.72720.25879
160-969E-1-3,99-1003.993.4540.490.01-1.720.020.71920.04745
160-969E-1-3,100-1014.003.4620.160.03-1.490.020.69519.32282
160-969E-1-3,101-1024.013.4710.430.02-0.710.020.68719.1673
160-969E-1-3,102-1034.023.4800.840.020.600.020.76521.4829
160-969E-1-3,103-1044.033.4901.170.020.640.030.74620.8476
160-969E-1-3,104-1054.043.5000.920.010.700.020.77721.7440
160-969E-2-1,30-315.204.703169.510.791.370.58716.157
160-969E-2-1,31-325.214.712169.680.601.000.59716.467
160-969E-2-1,32-335.224.721169.840.711.060.59116.2158
160-969E-2-1,33-345.234.729169.990.610.180.60616.74692
160-969E-2-1,34-355.244.738170.130.331.040.62317.24694
160-969E-2-1,35-365.254.747170.27-0.280.460.62517.22136
160-969E-2-1,36-375.264.755170.410.11-0.230.61116.87391
160-969E-2-1,37-385.274.764170.550.380.050.55815.32797
160-969E-2-1,38-395.284.773170.68-0.04-0.250.55615.22308
160-969E-2-1,39-405.294.781170.820.55315.11261
160-969E-2-1,40-415.304.790170.950.15-0.200.52714.4746
160-969E-2-1,41-425.314.799171.090.52114.21482
160-969E-2-1,42-435.324.807171.220.50113.61777
160-969E-2-1,43-445.334.816171.350.52014.12643
160-969E-2-1,44-455.344.825171.480.46612.64721
160-969E-2-1,45-465.354.833171.610.46112.41535
160-969E-2-1,46-475.364.842171.740.49913.55742
160-969E-2-1,47-485.374.851171.860.46212.43388
160-969E-2-1,48-495.384.860171.990.46412.51778
160-969E-2-1,49-505.394.868172.120.46712.62119
160-969E-2-1,50-515.404.877172.240.45512.22916
160-969E-2-1,51-525.414.886172.370.50213.6124
160-969E-2-1,52-535.424.894172.490.44211.9221
160-969E-2-1,53-545.434.903172.620.43011.51897
160-969E-2-1,54-555.444.912172.740.46512.55093
160-969E-2-1,55-565.454.920172.860.47812.96981
160-969E-2-1,56-575.464.929172.990.47712.97466
160-969E-2-1,57-585.474.938173.110.45812.33670
160-969E-2-1,58-595.484.946173.230.47412.8776
160-969E-2-1,59-605.494.955173.350.45312.23067
160-969E-2-1,60-615.504.964173.470.44311.92677
160-969E-2-1,61-625.514.972173.600.43911.83019
160-969E-2-1,62-635.524.981173.720.44712.02538
160-969E-2-1,63-645.534.990173.840.44812.03004
160-969E-2-1,64-655.544.998173.970.43211.64443
160-969E-2-1,65-665.555.007174.090.44912.14692
160-969E-2-1,66-675.565.016174.220.44011.8551
160-969E-2-1,67-685.575.025174.340.47712.98992
160-969E-2-1,68-695.585.033174.470.49213.39570
160-969E-2-1,69-705.595.042174.600.48813.25221
160-969E-2-1,70-715.605.051174.720.48913.28161
160-969E-2-1,71-725.615.059174.860.50513.77356
160-969E-2-1,72-735.625.068174.990.46912.610817
160-969E-2-1,73-745.635.077175.120.44411.910174
160-969E-2-1,74-755.645.085175.260.52014.17985
160-969E-2-1,75-765.655.094175.390.59516.46204
160-969E-2-1,76-775.665.102175.52-0.30-2.490.54514.96850
160-969E-2-1,77-785.675.110175.660.49713.56069
160-969E-2-1,78-795.685.118175.800.530.850.53514.65351
160-969E-2-1,79-805.695.127175.940.55515.23184
160-969E-2-1,80-815.705.135176.100.700.550.66018.3385
160-969E-2-1,81-825.715.143176.300.910.680.61116.8339
160-969E-2-1,120-1216.105.459190.270.440.280.68719.128
160-969E-2-1,121-1226.115.467190.630.490.190.71319.841
160-969E-2-1,122-1236.125.475190.98-0.320.390.70619.61380
160-969E-2-1,123-1246.135.483191.33-0.110.200.69419.32033
160-969E-2-1,124-1256.145.491191.68-0.320.120.69319.22922
160-969E-2-1,125-1266.155.499192.03-0.20-0.890.69819.44665
160-969E-2-1,126-1276.165.507192.37-0.30-0.570.73220.45241
160-969E-2-1,127-1286.175.515192.720.03-0.540.72320.16948
160-969E-2-1,128-1296.185.523193.061.121.230.71419.99477
160-969E-2-1,129-1306.195.531193.40-0.01-0.430.73820.69111
160-969E-2-1,130-1316.205.539193.73-0.12-0.300.72720.218057
160-969E-2-1,131-1326.215.547194.07-0.14-0.590.72320.111005
160-969E-2-1,132-1336.225.556194.400.30-1.310.73220.415056
160-969E-2-1,133-1346.235.564194.730.25-0.980.71419.98016
160-969E-2-1,134-1356.245.572195.060.45-1.310.73720.56545
160-969E-2-1,135-1366.255.580195.390.62-0.790.74120.66199
160-969E-2-1,136-1376.265.588195.720.56-0.810.74220.78276
160-969E-2-1,137-1386.275.597196.080.27-0.660.74120.67303
160-969E-2-1,138-1396.285.606196.440.54-0.760.71820.06066
160-969E-2-1,139-1406.295.615196.800.47-1.150.74520.86963
160-969E-2-1,140-1416.305.624197.160.680.000.72820.31977
160-969E-2-1,141-1426.315.633197.521.240.600.67918.8152
160-969E-2-2,33-346.736.036211.66-0.04-0.860.66618.469
160-969E-2-2,34-356.746.045211.980.62-0.680.63217.4133
160-969E-2-2,35-366.756.055212.310.170.180.62217.1174
160-969E-2-2,36-376.766.065212.63-0.27-1.660.54114.82534
160-969E-2-2,37-386.776.074212.950.11-1.130.53114.53108
160-969E-2-2,38-396.786.084213.270.52114.23353
160-969E-2-2,39-406.796.094213.600.10-1.840.52214.26587
160-969E-2-2,40-416.806.103213.930.53714.66117
160-969E-2-2,41-426.816.113214.260.53914.77400
160-969E-2-2,42-436.826.123214.590.55615.25049
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