Citation:

PANGAEA.944930

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and mechanical properties of shark teeth
Published: 2022-06-02
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Heterodontus portusjacksoni; Indian Ocean; Laboratory experiment; Nekton; Other studied parameter or process; Pelagos; Single species; Temperate; Temperature

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification can cause dissolution of calcium carbonate minerals in biological structures of many marine organisms, which can be exacerbated by warming. However, it is still unclear whether this also affects organisms that have body parts made of calcium phosphate minerals (e.g. shark teeth), which may also be impacted by the 'corrosive' effect of acidified seawater. Thus, we examined the effect of ocean acidification and warming on the mechanical properties of shark teeth (Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni), and assessed whether their mineralogical properties can be modified in response to predicted near-future seawater pH (–0.3 units) and temperature (+3°C) changes. We found that warming resulted in the production of more brittle teeth (higher elastic modulus and lower mechanical resilience) that were more vulnerable to physical damage. Yet, when combined with ocean acidification, the durability of teeth increased (i.e. less prone to physical damage due to the production of more elastic teeth) so that they did not differ from those raised under ambient conditions. The teeth were chiefly made of fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F), with increased fluoride content under ocean acidification that was associated with increased crystallinity. The increased precipitation of this highly insoluble mineral under ocean acidification suggests that the sharks could modulate and enhance biomineralization to produce teeth which are more resistant to corrosion. This adaptive mineralogical adjustment could allow some shark species to maintain durability and functionality of their teeth, which underpins a fundamental component of predation and sustenance of the trophic dynamics of future oceans.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Heterodontus portusjacksoni; Indian Ocean; Laboratory experiment; Nekton; Other studied parameter or process; Pelagos; Single species; Temperate; Temperature

Supplement to:

Leung, Jonathan; Nagelkerken, Ivan; Pistevos, Jennifer C A; Xie, Zonghan; Zhang, Sam; Connell, Sean D (2022): Shark teeth can resist ocean acidification. Global Change Biology, 28, 2286–2295, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16052

Original version:

Leung, Jonathan (2021): Mechanical properties, degree of damage, mineral composition and crystallinity of the teeth of Port Jackson sharks reared under ocean acidification and warming in laboratory. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.939036

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James (2021): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.16. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: -35.053116 * Longitude: 137.730557

Date/Time Start: 2020-05-27T13:48:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-11-27T16:25:00

Event(s):

Gulf_St_Vincent_2013 * Latitude: -35.053116 * Longitude: 137.730557 * Date/Time: 2013-06-28T00:00:00 * Location: Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia * Method/Device: Sampling by diver (DIVER) * Comment: Collection site of the eggs of Port Jackson sharks

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2021) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2022-06-02.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Connell, Sean D		Study
2	Species, unique identification	Species UID		Connell, Sean D
3	Species, unique identification (URI)	Species UID (URI)		Connell, Sean D
4	Species, unique identification (Semantic URI)	Species UID (Semantic URI)		Connell, Sean D
5	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Connell, Sean D		Geocode – experiment, start
6	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Connell, Sean D		Geocode – experiment, end
7	Identification	ID		Connell, Sean D
8	Treatment	Treat		Connell, Sean D
9	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Connell, Sean D
10	pH	pH		Connell, Sean D		water, experiment, NBS scale
11	Hardness	Hardness	GPa	Connell, Sean D	Nanoindentation (IBIS, Fischer-Cripps Laboratories Pty Ltd., Australia)	per individual, experiment
12	Elasticity	Elasticity	GPa	Connell, Sean D	Nanoindentation (IBIS, Fischer-Cripps Laboratories Pty Ltd., Australia)	per individual, experiment
13	Mechanical resilience	Mech res		Connell, Sean D	Nanoindentation (IBIS, Fischer-Cripps Laboratories Pty Ltd., Australia)
14	Percentage	Perc	%	Connell, Sean D	Field emission scanning electron microscope (Philips XL 30)	undamaged tooth tips, per individual
15	Percentage	Perc	%	Connell, Sean D	Field emission scanning electron microscope (Philips XL 30)	mildly damaged tooth tips, per individual
16	Percentage	Perc	%	Connell, Sean D	Field emission scanning electron microscope (Philips XL 30)	seriously damaged tooth tips, per individual
17	Carbon	C	%	Connell, Sean D		content of teeth, per individual
18	Oxygen	O	%	Connell, Sean D		content of teeth, per individual
19	Fluorine	F	%	Connell, Sean D		content of teeth, per individual
20	Sodium	Na	%	Connell, Sean D		content of teeth, per individual
21	Magnesium	Mg	%	Connell, Sean D		content of teeth, per individual
22	Phosphorus	P	%	Connell, Sean D		content of teeth, per individual
23	Calcium	Ca	%	Connell, Sean D		content of teeth, per individual
24	Ratio	Ratio		Connell, Sean D		calcium to phosphorus ratio of teeth, per individual
25	Full width at half maximum	FWHM	1/cm	Connell, Sean D		teeth, per individual
26	Salinity	Sal		Connell, Sean D
27	Salinity, standard error	Sal std e	±	Connell, Sean D
28	pH	pH		Connell, Sean D	Potentiometric	Embryonic stage, NBS scale
29	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Connell, Sean D	Potentiometric	Embryonic stage, NBS scale
30	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Connell, Sean D		Embryonic stage
31	Temperature, water, standard error	T std e	±	Connell, Sean D		Embryonic stage
32	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Connell, Sean D	Potentiometric titration	Embryonic stage
33	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Connell, Sean D	Potentiometric titration	Embryonic stage
34	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Connell, Sean D	Calculated using CO2SYS	Embryonic stage
35	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Connell, Sean D	Calculated using CO2SYS	Embryonic stage
36	pH	pH		Connell, Sean D	Potentiometric	Juvenile stage, NBS scale
37	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Connell, Sean D	Potentiometric	Juvenile stage, NBS scale
38	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Connell, Sean D		Juvenile stage
39	Temperature, water, standard error	T std e	±	Connell, Sean D		Juvenile stage
40	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Connell, Sean D	Potentiometric titration	Juvenile stage
41	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Connell, Sean D	Potentiometric titration	Juvenile stage
42	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Connell, Sean D	Calculated using CO2SYS	Juvenile stage
43	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Connell, Sean D	Calculated using CO2SYS	Juvenile stage
44	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
45	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Embryonic stage, total scale
46	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Embryonic stage
47	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Embryonic stage
48	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Embryonic stage
49	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Embryonic stage
50	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Embryonic stage
51	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Embryonic stage
52	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Embryonic stage
53	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Embryonic stage
54	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Juvenile stage, total scale
55	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Juvenile stage
56	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Juvenile stage
57	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Juvenile stage
58	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Juvenile stage
59	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Juvenile stage
60	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Juvenile stage
61	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Juvenile stage
62	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Juvenile stage

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1856 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (Study)	2 Species UID	3 Species UID (URI)	4 Species UID (Semantic URI)	5 Date/Time (experiment, start)	6 Date/Time (experiment, end)	7 ID	8 Treat	9 Temp [°C]	10 pH (water, experiment, NBS scale)	11 Hardness [GPa] (per individual, experiment, N...)	12 Elasticity [GPa] (per individual, experiment, N...)	13 Mech res (Nanoindentation (IBIS, Fische...)	14 Perc [%] (undamaged tooth tips, per ind...)	15 Perc [%] (mildly damaged tooth tips, pe...)	16 Perc [%] (seriously damaged tooth tips,...)	17 C [%] (content of teeth, per individual)	18 O [%] (content of teeth, per individual)	19 F [%] (content of teeth, per individual)	20 Na [%] (content of teeth, per individual)	21 Mg [%] (content of teeth, per individual)	22 P [%] (content of teeth, per individual)	23 Ca [%] (content of teeth, per individual)	24 Ratio (calcium to phosphorus ratio o...)	25 FWHM [1/cm] (teeth, per individual)	26 Sal	28 pH (Embryonic stage, NBS scale, P...)	29 pH std e [±] (Embryonic stage, NBS scale, P...)	30 Temp [°C] (Embryonic stage)	31 T std e [±] (Embryonic stage)	32 AT [µmol/kg] (Embryonic stage, Potentiometr...)	33 AT std e [±] (Embryonic stage, Potentiometr...)	34 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Embryonic stage, Calculated u...)	35 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±] (Embryonic stage, Calculated u...)	36 pH (Juvenile stage, NBS scale, Po...)	37 pH std e [±] (Juvenile stage, NBS scale, Po...)	38 Temp [°C] (Juvenile stage)	39 T std e [±] (Juvenile stage)	40 AT [µmol/kg] (Juvenile stage, Potentiometri...)	41 AT std e [±] (Juvenile stage, Potentiometri...)	42 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Juvenile stage, Calculated us...)	43 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±] (Juvenile stage, Calculated us...)	44 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	45 pH (Embryonic stage, total scale,...)	46 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Embryonic stage, Calculated u...)	47 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Embryonic stage, Calculated u...)	48 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Embryonic stage, Calculated u...)	49 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Embryonic stage, Calculated u...)	50 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Embryonic stage, Calculated u...)	51 DIC [µmol/kg] (Embryonic stage, Calculated u...)	52 Omega Arg (Embryonic stage, Calculated u...)	53 Omega Cal (Embryonic stage, Calculated u...)	54 pH (Juvenile stage, total scale, ...)	55 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Juvenile stage, Calculated us...)	56 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Juvenile stage, Calculated us...)	57 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Juvenile stage, Calculated us...)	58 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Juvenile stage, Calculated us...)	59 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Juvenile stage, Calculated us...)	60 DIC [µmol/kg] (Juvenile stage, Calculated us...)	61 Omega Arg (Juvenile stage, Calculated us...)	62 Omega Cal (Juvenile stage, Calculated us...)
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	1	Control	16	8.0	1.240	27.829	0.045	65.217	34.783	0.000	12.673	38.907	2.164	1.231	0.217	15.079	29.729	1.972	9.739	40	8.02	0.01	16.3	0.0	2377.9	49.4	517.6	19.9	7.96	0.01	16.4	0.1	2346.1	102.5	589.4	50.9	26	7.91	20.21	576.82	578.88	2018.99	143.39	2182.6	2.13	3.30	7.85	23.30	666.74	669.12	2030.03	125.98	2179.3	1.87	2.90
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	2	Control	16	8.0	1.122	20.010	0.056	75.000	25.000	0.000	12.298	34.356	2.188	0.975	0.242	16.408	33.531	2.044	10.770	40	8.02	0.01	16.3	0.0	2377.9	49.4	517.6	19.9	7.96	0.01	16.4	0.1	2346.1	102.5	589.4	50.9	26	7.91	20.21	576.82	578.88	2018.99	143.39	2182.6	2.13	3.30	7.85	23.30	666.74	669.12	2030.03	125.98	2179.3	1.87	2.90
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	3	Control	16	8.0	1.053	21.756	0.048	63.636	25.000	11.364	11.727	37.592	3.069	0.953	0.233	14.898	31.523	2.116	9.689	40	8.02	0.01	16.3	0.0	2377.9	49.4	517.6	19.9	7.96	0.01	16.4	0.1	2346.1	102.5	589.4	50.9	26	7.91	20.21	576.82	578.88	2018.99	143.39	2182.6	2.13	3.30	7.85	23.30	666.74	669.12	2030.03	125.98	2179.3	1.87	2.90
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	4	Control	16	8.0	0.827	13.380	0.062	70.213	23.404	6.383	12.649	39.529	2.724	1.167	0.193	14.885	28.854	1.938	10.191	40	8.02	0.01	16.3	0.0	2377.9	49.4	517.6	19.9	7.96	0.01	16.4	0.1	2346.1	102.5	589.4	50.9	26	7.91	20.21	576.82	578.88	2018.99	143.39	2182.6	2.13	3.30	7.85	23.30	666.74	669.12	2030.03	125.98	2179.3	1.87	2.90
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	5	Control	16	8.0	0.874	18.373	0.048	65.000	30.000	5.000	11.899	36.763	2.745	1.049	0.387	15.680	31.476	2.007	9.412	40	8.02	0.01	16.3	0.0	2377.9	49.4	517.6	19.9	7.96	0.01	16.4	0.1	2346.1	102.5	589.4	50.9	26	7.91	20.21	576.82	578.88	2018.99	143.39	2182.6	2.13	3.30	7.85	23.30	666.74	669.12	2030.03	125.98	2179.3	1.87	2.90
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	6	Control	16	8.0	1.051	21.974	0.048	70.732	24.390	4.878	11.865	41.181	2.199	1.110	0.125	14.884	28.635	1.924	11.780	40	8.02	0.01	16.3	0.0	2377.9	49.4	517.6	19.9	7.96	0.01	16.4	0.1	2346.1	102.5	589.4	50.9	26	7.91	20.21	576.82	578.88	2018.99	143.39	2182.6	2.13	3.30	7.85	23.30	666.74	669.12	2030.03	125.98	2179.3	1.87	2.90
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	7	Control	16	8.0	0.697	20.292	0.034	61.538	28.846	9.615	10.527	37.106	3.100	0.998	0.181	15.891	32.195	2.026	9.253	40	8.02	0.01	16.3	0.0	2377.9	49.4	517.6	19.9	7.96	0.01	16.4	0.1	2346.1	102.5	589.4	50.9	26	7.91	20.21	576.82	578.88	2018.99	143.39	2182.6	2.13	3.30	7.85	23.30	666.74	669.12	2030.03	125.98	2179.3	1.87	2.90
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	8	Control	16	8.0	0.947	21.397	0.044	66.102	28.814	5.085	12.354	36.889	2.995	0.809	0.456	15.059	31.437	2.088	9.673	40	8.02	0.01	16.3	0.0	2377.9	49.4	517.6	19.9	7.96	0.01	16.4	0.1	2346.1	102.5	589.4	50.9	26	7.91	20.21	576.82	578.88	2018.99	143.39	2182.6	2.13	3.30	7.85	23.30	666.74	669.12	2030.03	125.98	2179.3	1.87	2.90
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	1	Ocean acidification	16	7.7	0.839	12.960	0.065	65.517	25.862	8.621	11.604	43.412	4.259	1.208	0.245	13.348	25.922	1.942	8.507	40	7.82	0.01	16.2	0.1	2400.2	67.1	946.7	39.7	7.69	0.01	15.9	0.1	2075.0	29.8	1003.6	69.9	26	7.71	34.33	976.78	980.27	2159.43	96.44	2290.2	1.43	2.22	7.58	41.25	1163.34	1167.51	1913.42	62.73	2017.4	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	2	Ocean acidification	16	7.7	0.862	11.772	0.073	76.744	16.279	6.977	12.381	39.500	3.100	1.154	0.246	14.347	29.268	2.040	9.015	40	7.82	0.01	16.2	0.1	2400.2	67.1	946.7	39.7	7.69	0.01	15.9	0.1	2075.0	29.8	1003.6	69.9	26	7.71	34.33	976.78	980.27	2159.43	96.44	2290.2	1.43	2.22	7.58	41.25	1163.34	1167.51	1913.42	62.73	2017.4	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	3	Ocean acidification	16	7.7	0.836	17.975	0.047	67.857	28.571	3.571	11.318	40.333	3.732	1.073	0.270	14.716	28.556	1.940	9.435	40	7.82	0.01	16.2	0.1	2400.2	67.1	946.7	39.7	7.69	0.01	15.9	0.1	2075.0	29.8	1003.6	69.9	26	7.71	34.33	976.78	980.27	2159.43	96.44	2290.2	1.43	2.22	7.58	41.25	1163.34	1167.51	1913.42	62.73	2017.4	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	4	Ocean acidification	16	7.7	0.750	15.792	0.047	66.071	33.929	0.000	11.214	36.771	3.183	0.937	0.364	15.370	32.162	2.093	8.521	40	7.82	0.01	16.2	0.1	2400.2	67.1	946.7	39.7	7.69	0.01	15.9	0.1	2075.0	29.8	1003.6	69.9	26	7.71	34.33	976.78	980.27	2159.43	96.44	2290.2	1.43	2.22	7.58	41.25	1163.34	1167.51	1913.42	62.73	2017.4	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	5	Ocean acidification	16	7.7	0.592	14.037	0.042	61.290	33.871	4.839	10.041	32.571	3.104	0.850	0.333	15.748	37.355	2.372	9.037	40	7.82	0.01	16.2	0.1	2400.2	67.1	946.7	39.7	7.69	0.01	15.9	0.1	2075.0	29.8	1003.6	69.9	26	7.71	34.33	976.78	980.27	2159.43	96.44	2290.2	1.43	2.22	7.58	41.25	1163.34	1167.51	1913.42	62.73	2017.4	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	6	Ocean acidification	16	7.7	0.583	8.817	0.066	91.176	8.824	0.000	10.948	44.117	4.242	1.119	0.226	13.708	25.643	1.871	8.693	40	7.82	0.01	16.2	0.1	2400.2	67.1	946.7	39.7	7.69	0.01	15.9	0.1	2075.0	29.8	1003.6	69.9	26	7.71	34.33	976.78	980.27	2159.43	96.44	2290.2	1.43	2.22	7.58	41.25	1163.34	1167.51	1913.42	62.73	2017.4	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	7	Ocean acidification	16	7.7	0.757	22.246	0.034	42.308	46.154	11.538	11.984	44.296	4.462	0.913	0.521	13.173	24.653	1.871	9.024	40	7.82	0.01	16.2	0.1	2400.2	67.1	946.7	39.7	7.69	0.01	15.9	0.1	2075.0	29.8	1003.6	69.9	26	7.71	34.33	976.78	980.27	2159.43	96.44	2290.2	1.43	2.22	7.58	41.25	1163.34	1167.51	1913.42	62.73	2017.4	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	8	Ocean acidification	16	7.7	0.668	12.878	0.052	58.974	28.205	12.821	12.278	41.928	4.400	0.958	0.353	13.409	26.672	1.989	8.682	40	7.82	0.01	16.2	0.1	2400.2	67.1	946.7	39.7	7.69	0.01	15.9	0.1	2075.0	29.8	1003.6	69.9	26	7.71	34.33	976.78	980.27	2159.43	96.44	2290.2	1.43	2.22	7.58	41.25	1163.34	1167.51	1913.42	62.73	2017.4	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	1	Warming	19	8.0	0.855	20.231	0.042	51.923	28.846	19.231	13.459	39.298	3.494	1.081	0.286	14.281	28.102	1.968	9.527	40	8.06	0.00	19.2	0.1	2528.9	32.2	531.8	22.4	7.87	0.02	18.8	0.3	2179.0	61.9	661.0	15.4	26	7.94	18.18	563.65	565.59	2088.73	178.59	2285.5	2.67	4.10	7.76	25.98	796.50	799.25	1914.14	104.29	2044.4	1.56	2.40
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	2	Warming	19	8.0	0.850	21.268	0.040	63.636	29.545	6.818	12.752	41.519	3.017	1.212	0.224	14.222	27.052	1.902	9.015	40	8.06	0.00	19.2	0.1	2528.9	32.2	531.8	22.4	7.87	0.02	18.8	0.3	2179.0	61.9	661.0	15.4	26	7.94	18.18	563.65	565.59	2088.73	178.59	2285.5	2.67	4.10	7.76	25.98	796.50	799.25	1914.14	104.29	2044.4	1.56	2.40
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	3	Warming	19	8.0	0.945	22.296	0.042	50.746	38.806	10.448	13.180	38.959	2.963	0.972	0.382	14.540	29.005	1.995	9.900	40	8.06	0.00	19.2	0.1	2528.9	32.2	531.8	22.4	7.87	0.02	18.8	0.3	2179.0	61.9	661.0	15.4	26	7.94	18.18	563.65	565.59	2088.73	178.59	2285.5	2.67	4.10	7.76	25.98	796.50	799.25	1914.14	104.29	2044.4	1.56	2.40
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	4	Warming	19	8.0	0.967	27.638	0.035	45.455	43.182	11.364	14.535	36.117	2.694	1.120	0.345	14.958	30.229	2.021	8.944	40	8.06	0.00	19.2	0.1	2528.9	32.2	531.8	22.4	7.87	0.02	18.8	0.3	2179.0	61.9	661.0	15.4	26	7.94	18.18	563.65	565.59	2088.73	178.59	2285.5	2.67	4.10	7.76	25.98	796.50	799.25	1914.14	104.29	2044.4	1.56	2.40
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	5	Warming	19	8.0	0.952	25.865	0.037	46.970	31.818	21.212	12.117	38.940	3.292	1.156	0.216	14.880	29.400	1.976	10.130	40	8.06	0.00	19.2	0.1	2528.9	32.2	531.8	22.4	7.87	0.02	18.8	0.3	2179.0	61.9	661.0	15.4	26	7.94	18.18	563.65	565.59	2088.73	178.59	2285.5	2.67	4.10	7.76	25.98	796.50	799.25	1914.14	104.29	2044.4	1.56	2.40
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	6	Warming	19	8.0	0.920	27.339	0.034	45.455	47.727	6.818	11.359	41.748	3.733	1.168	0.349	14.047	27.597	1.965	9.010	40	8.06	0.00	19.2	0.1	2528.9	32.2	531.8	22.4	7.87	0.02	18.8	0.3	2179.0	61.9	661.0	15.4	26	7.94	18.18	563.65	565.59	2088.73	178.59	2285.5	2.67	4.10	7.76	25.98	796.50	799.25	1914.14	104.29	2044.4	1.56	2.40
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	7	Warming	19	8.0	1.375	42.053	0.033	53.333	34.667	12.000	12.022	32.763	2.617	0.678	0.331	16.439	35.153	2.138	10.032	40	8.06	0.00	19.2	0.1	2528.9	32.2	531.8	22.4	7.87	0.02	18.8	0.3	2179.0	61.9	661.0	15.4	26	7.94	18.18	563.65	565.59	2088.73	178.59	2285.5	2.67	4.10	7.76	25.98	796.50	799.25	1914.14	104.29	2044.4	1.56	2.40
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	8	Warming	19	8.0	0.975	23.438	0.042	53.846	34.615	11.538	13.231	40.179	3.658	1.099	0.428	14.031	27.377	1.951	8.861	40	8.06	0.00	19.2	0.1	2528.9	32.2	531.8	22.4	7.87	0.02	18.8	0.3	2179.0	61.9	661.0	15.4	26	7.94	18.18	563.65	565.59	2088.73	178.59	2285.5	2.67	4.10	7.76	25.98	796.50	799.25	1914.14	104.29	2044.4	1.56	2.40
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	1	Ocean acidification + Warming	19	7.7	1.005	19.541	0.051	76.000	20.000	4.000	13.531	37.914	2.900	1.333	0.203	14.839	29.284	1.973	10.596	40	7.81	0.01	19.1	0.1	2442.2	42.0	1048.5	45.9	7.68	0.01	18.7	0.1	1944.4	98.1	1014.3	115.0	26	7.69	33.85	1046.67	1050.28	2182.96	104.59	2321.4	1.56	2.40	7.57	37.53	1147.62	1151.59	1781.82	62.44	1881.8	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	2	Ocean acidification + Warming	19	7.7	0.884	20.767	0.043	54.237	35.593	10.169	12.672	38.679	3.340	1.029	0.240	14.721	29.318	1.992	9.437	40	7.81	0.01	19.1	0.1	2442.2	42.0	1048.5	45.9	7.68	0.01	18.7	0.1	1944.4	98.1	1014.3	115.0	26	7.69	33.85	1046.67	1050.28	2182.96	104.59	2321.4	1.56	2.40	7.57	37.53	1147.62	1151.59	1781.82	62.44	1881.8	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	3	Ocean acidification + Warming	19	7.7	0.882	21.204	0.042	51.163	37.209	11.628	13.398	37.272	2.755	0.971	0.209	14.904	30.491	2.046	9.687	40	7.81	0.01	19.1	0.1	2442.2	42.0	1048.5	45.9	7.68	0.01	18.7	0.1	1944.4	98.1	1014.3	115.0	26	7.69	33.85	1046.67	1050.28	2182.96	104.59	2321.4	1.56	2.40	7.57	37.53	1147.62	1151.59	1781.82	62.44	1881.8	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	4	Ocean acidification + Warming	19	7.7	0.866	18.995	0.046	70.370	25.926	3.704	11.526	39.325	3.477	1.032	0.256	14.803	29.582	1.998	8.576	40	7.81	0.01	19.1	0.1	2442.2	42.0	1048.5	45.9	7.68	0.01	18.7	0.1	1944.4	98.1	1014.3	115.0	26	7.69	33.85	1046.67	1050.28	2182.96	104.59	2321.4	1.56	2.40	7.57	37.53	1147.62	1151.59	1781.82	62.44	1881.8	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	5	Ocean acidification + Warming	19	7.7	0.841	20.831	0.040	64.407	32.203	3.390	10.767	41.007	4.258	1.041	0.364	14.520	28.041	1.931	8.360	40	7.81	0.01	19.1	0.1	2442.2	42.0	1048.5	45.9	7.68	0.01	18.7	0.1	1944.4	98.1	1014.3	115.0	26	7.69	33.85	1046.67	1050.28	2182.96	104.59	2321.4	1.56	2.40	7.57	37.53	1147.62	1151.59	1781.82	62.44	1881.8	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	6	Ocean acidification + Warming	19	7.7	0.823	21.748	0.038	55.556	40.741	3.704	10.924	38.727	3.506	0.794	0.375	14.670	31.006	2.114	8.332	40	7.81	0.01	19.1	0.1	2442.2	42.0	1048.5	45.9	7.68	0.01	18.7	0.1	1944.4	98.1	1014.3	115.0	26	7.69	33.85	1046.67	1050.28	2182.96	104.59	2321.4	1.56	2.40	7.57	37.53	1147.62	1151.59	1781.82	62.44	1881.8	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	7	Ocean acidification + Warming	19	7.7	0.729	12.710	0.057	65.116	27.907	6.977	11.453	41.565	4.632	0.798	0.171	13.481	27.902	2.070	9.038	40	7.81	0.01	19.1	0.1	2442.2	42.0	1048.5	45.9	7.68	0.01	18.7	0.1	1944.4	98.1	1014.3	115.0	26	7.69	33.85	1046.67	1050.28	2182.96	104.59	2321.4	1.56	2.40	7.57	37.53	1147.62	1151.59	1781.82	62.44	1881.8	0.93	1.44
laboratory	Heterodontus portusjacksoni	marinespecies.org	urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:276699	2020-05-27T13:48	2020-11-27T16:25	8	Ocean acidification + Warming	19	7.7	0.788	21.657	0.036	57.576	39.394	3.030	12.119	40.616	3.270	1.256	0.246	14.606	27.883	1.909	8.913	40	7.81	0.01	19.1	0.1	2442.2	42.0	1048.5	45.9	7.68	0.01	18.7	0.1	1944.4	98.1	1014.3	115.0	26	7.69	33.85	1046.67	1050.28	2182.96	104.59	2321.4	1.56	2.40	7.57	37.53	1147.62	1151.59	1781.82	62.44	1881.8	0.93	1.44