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Geppert, Marielle; Hartmann, Kai; Riedel, Frank; Struck, Ulrich (2022): Stable water isotopes of precipitation and different surface waters in southern Africa, sampled from 2016 to 2021 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.944811

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Abstract:
Water samples of precipitation and different surface waters were collected between 2016 and 2021 in southern Africa using narrow-neck bottles of 300 ml volume. The bottles were stored in a refrigerator until measurements. The stable isotope ratios of oxygen (18O/16O) and hydrogen (2H/1H) of the water samples were measured using a PICARRO L1102-i isotope analyzer (WS-CRDS). Calibration of the measurements was done with VSMOW, SLAP and GISP standards from the IAEA. A total of six replicate injections were performed for each sample and mean and standard deviations (1 sigma) were calculated, resulting in a reproducibility of the replicate measurements of generally better than 0.1 ‰ for oxygen and 0.5 ‰ for hydrogen. The aim of this data collection is to fill a gap in southern Africa, where isotopic data on precipitation and surface waters do not have sufficient spatial coverage and are mainly sampled before 2013. Regional studies of meteorology, hydrology, environmental geochemistry and paleoclimate may benefit from this dataset.
Keyword(s):
Southern Africa; stable water isotopes; δ18O; δ2H
Supplement to:
Geppert, Marielle; Hartmann, Kai; Kirchner, Ingo; Pfahl, Stephan; Struck, Ulrich; Riedel, Frank (2022): Precipitation Over Southern Africa: Moisture Sources and Isotopic Composition. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127(21), https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037005
Funding:
German Science Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 281420578: Rekonstruktion eines Paläo-Seesystems am UNESCO Weltkulturerbe Tsodilo Hills, Kalahari, Botsuana: MIS3 und MIS2 Ökosystemdynamik und Klima-, Witterungs- und Umweltvariation, abgeleitet von Sedimentationsprozessen und Bioindikatoren
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -25.533349 * Median Longitude: 24.180887 * South-bound Latitude: -34.021670 * West-bound Longitude: 13.247500 * North-bound Latitude: 0.361670 * East-bound Longitude: 32.458750
Date/Time Start: 2016-08-29T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2021-01-29T00:00:00
Event(s):
WaterSA_18K1 (18K1)  * Latitude: -27.463890 * Longitude: 23.436390 * Date/Time: 2018-01-04T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Water sample (WS) * Comment: Spring water sample
WaterSA_18K2 (18K2)  * Latitude: -19.140830 * Longitude: 13.822780 * Date/Time: 2018-01-10T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Water sample (WS) * Comment: Spring water sample
WaterSA_18K3 (18K3)  * Latitude: -19.170830 * Longitude: 13.780560 * Date/Time: 2018-01-10T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Water sample (WS) * Comment: Spring water sample
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Event labelEventGeppert, Marielle
Sample IDSample IDGeppert, Marielle
LATITUDELatitudeGeppert, MarielleGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeppert, MarielleGeocode
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeppert, MarielleGeocode
Sample typeSamp typeGeppert, Marielle
Sample commentSample commentGeppert, MarielleTimes mentioned are local times, i.e. UTC+03 for sample UW5, otherwise UTC+02.
δ18O, waterδ18O H2O‰ SMOWGeppert, MariellePicarro L1102-i instrument
δ Deuterium, waterδD H2O‰ SMOWGeppert, MariellePicarro L1102-i instrument
10 δ18O, water, standard deviationδ18O H2O std dev±Geppert, Marielle
11 δ Deuterium, water, standard deviationδD H2O std dev±Geppert, Marielle
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
1715 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Event

Sample ID

Latitude

Longitude

Date/Time

Samp type

Sample comment

δ18O H2O [‰ SMOW]

δD H2O [‰ SMOW]
10 
δ18O H2O std dev [±]
11 
δD H2O std dev [±]
WaterSA_SLW1 SLW1-33.8891718.969172016-08-29RiverRiver at Pniel-3.54-14.500.090.64
WaterSA_SLW2 SLW2-33.8780019.035172016-08-29RiverRiver Berg; abundant with insect larvae; dam upstream; reservoir lake not accessible-3.33-13.620.090.45
WaterSA_SLW3 SLW3-33.9366719.170002016-08-29RiverMinor waterfall; iron rich-4.44-22.330.040.59
WaterSA_SLW4 SLW4-33.6935019.324832016-08-29RiverRiver; abundant with insect larvae-4.28-22.700.070.30
WaterSA_SLW5 SLW5-33.5433319.207332016-08-29RiverRiver Bree-4.09-18.990.040.34
WaterSA_SLW6 SLW6-33.3336719.877672016-08-30LakeReservoir lake; under almost natural conditions (shore vegetation); animal sample taken here-2.59-18.590.100.29
WaterSA_SLW7 SLW7-28.7355020.983672016-08-31RiverOrange River; side arm1.096.400.070.27
WaterSA_SLW8 SLW8-28.7291720.985332016-08-31RiverOrange River; main arm1.216.870.080.47
WaterSA_SLW9 SLW9-27.4640023.436332016-09-01SpringEye of Kuruman spring-5.73-35.280.030.43
WaterSA_SLW10 SLW10-25.8705025.649172016-09-04River"Molopo River Head Water Lake" outflow at Mahikeng0.750.610.070.32
WaterSA_SLW11 SLW11-29.0621728.404172016-09-04PrecipitationIce; collected from roadside (melted in bucket)-2.31-2.500.100.21
WaterSA_SLW12 SLW12-29.0960028.503002016-09-06RiverRiver-3.06-10.210.070.61
WaterSA_SLW13 SLW13-29.2330028.559172016-09-06LakeStream; outflow of small reservoir lake-1.83-5.210.080.46
WaterSA_SLW14 SLW14-29.1178328.438832016-09-06RiverCascade stream; with meltwater; sheep ahead-3.01-8.190.050.34
WaterSA_SLW15 SLW15-28.7561728.587172016-09-07RiverCascade mountain stream; with snowmelt-2.85-7.990.060.36
WaterSA_SLW16 SLW16-28.7363328.617502016-09-07RiverTsehlanyane River-2.71-8.160.060.11
WaterSA_SLW17 SLW17-28.8226728.617502016-09-08PrecipitationAfrisiki Lodge Rainfall; coming from the west (pers. com. with staff: snowfall in winter mainly from west); full of dust2.3433.660.022.53
WaterSA_SLW18 SLW18-28.8398328.754672016-09-09RiverMotete River; icecold-2.13-2.560.050.64
WaterSA_SLW19 SLW19-24.2121728.888832016-09-09RiverRiver-2.06-6.250.050.26
WaterSA_SLW20 SLW20-29.2905028.989672016-09-09RiverSenqu / Orange River-2.42-8.020.040.23
WaterSA_SLW21 SLW21-29.5145028.309332016-09-10RiverRiver at village (used for laundry?)-0.73-0.340.070.50
WaterSA_SLW22 SLW22-29.4278327.940832016-09-10RiverClear mountain stream-3.38-13.220.090.95
WaterSA_SLW23 SLW23-29.6663327.801502016-09-10RiverMakhaleng River-2.25-9.490.030.23
WaterSA_SLW24 SLW24-29.8425028.043502016-09-10RiverMaletsunyane River-2.84-11.290.050.25
WaterSA_SLW25 SLW25-30.0711728.625672016-09-11RiverStream; with pebbles + boulders; sheep + cattle-0.74-4.140.090.30
WaterSA_SLW26 SLW26-30.8510029.069832016-09-12RiverMzimvubu River0.453.200.060.37
WaterSA_SLW27 SLW27-31.0741728.896172016-09-12RiverThina River-1.12-3.020.030.27
WaterSA_SLW28 SLW28-31.9881729.146172016-09-12PrecipitationRainfall over Coffee Bay-0.796.370.060.58
WaterSA_SLW29 SLW29-31.9143328.466172016-09-14RiverMbashe River; slow moving1.068.270.020.26
WaterSA_SLW30 SLW30-33.5113322.590832016-09-16LakeStompdrift Dam0.291.370.040.14
WaterSA_SLW31 SLW31-33.4275022.251332016-09-16RiverMountain creek "La Roux"; south of Svartberg Pass; rain showers from west-4.48-21.070.070.35
WaterSA_SLW32 SLW32-33.3003322.050502016-09-16RiverMountain creek; north of Svartberg Pass; rain showers from west-5.63-29.140.090.28
WaterSA_SLW33 SLW33-32.1731721.630332016-09-17RiverMountain stream (Teekloof Pass)-1.87-9.240.050.22
WaterSA_SLW34 SLW34-31.3201719.118832016-09-17RiverRiver; just above Nieuwoundtville waterfalls-3.20-17.060.040.10
WaterSA_SLW35 SLW35-31.7811718.887832016-09-19RiverMaskam waterfall; (permament pool); rain from March to August + groundwater inflow-1.02-2.170.050.32
WaterSA_SLW36 SLW36-32.4446718.958832016-09-20RiverOlifants River; well flowing-3.83-17.960.050.43
WaterSA_SLW37A SLW37A-33.9133318.387832016-09-26PrecipitationRainfall over Cape Town-1.161.790.060.36
WaterSA_SLW37B SLW37B-33.9133318.387832016-09-26PrecipitationRainfall over Cape Town-1.142.230.110.29
WaterSA_SLW38 SLW38-33.9133318.387832016-09-27PrecipitationRainfall over Cape Town-1.86-3.110.070.24
WaterSA_WindhoekRain1a WindhoekRain1a-22.5594117.083232017-01-15PrecipitationRainfall over Windhoek; Exact day of the month of the sampling unknown: somewhen between 2017-01-15 and 2017-01-20.2.8318.570.040.41
WaterSA_WindhoekRain1b WindhoekRain1b-22.5594117.083232017-01-15PrecipitationRainfall over Windhoek; Exact day of the month of the sampling unknown: somewhen between 2017-01-15 and 2017-01-20.2.8619.020.080.37
WaterSA_SSW1 SSW1-26.6100030.677782017-12-10RiverCreek; small over-spill barrier upstreams-2.18-6.920.030.41
WaterSA_SSW2 SSW2-26.4383330.693892017-12-10RiverLittle creek; with mirco-catchment flowing into SSW1-2.64-8.080.050.20
WaterSA_SSW3 SSW3-26.4972231.218612017-12-10PrecipitationRainfall; ca. 19:00 - 21:00-0.2215.560.050.44
WaterSA_SSW4 SSW4-26.4972231.218612017-12-11PrecipitationRainfall (thunder); ca. 22:00 - ?0.7820.750.090.46
WaterSA_SSW5 SSW5-26.4427831.160832017-12-11RiverMountain creek; near Mantenga Falls-2.31-4.210.050.21
WaterSA_SSW6 SSW6-26.4458331.169442017-12-11RiverMantenga river-2.21-4.720.080.37
WaterSA_SSW7 SSW7-26.1711131.583332017-12-11RiverBlack Mbuluzi river; heavy sediment load; H(a)wane dam in the upper catchment (source area - influence?)-2.01-4.450.050.38
WaterSA_SSW8 SSW8-26.4972231.218612017-12-11PrecipitationRainfall; ca. 19:30 - 20:15; wind from NE (thunder); same position as SSW 3+4-0.8412.880.070.88
WaterSA_SSW9 SSW9-27.0725031.221112017-12-12RiverCreek; with some sediment load-1.87-4.890.090.31
WaterSA_SSW10 SSW10-27.1922231.292502017-12-12LakeWetland outflow-1.84-0.760.070.38
WaterSA_SSW11 SSW11-27.6622231.720832017-12-13RiverMkhuze river1.3111.020.060.27
WaterSA_SSW12 SSW12-28.0580631.577502017-12-13RiverVuna river; heavy sediment load-1.284.950.040.19
WaterSA_SSW13 SSW13-28.7305631.524722017-12-13RiverStream-1.91-1.480.080.33
WaterSA_SSW14 SSW14-29.1708331.373612017-12-14RiverMountain stream into Tugela river-2.33-3.790.060.34
WaterSA_SSW15 SSW15-29.2897231.175002017-12-15RiverCreek from hillside-2.19-3.240.060.12
WaterSA_SSW16 SSW16-28.5327828.651942017-12-18RiverTiny mountain creek in Golden Gate Highlands National Park-2.78-11.660.080.56
WaterSA_SSW17 SSW17-28.5275028.672782017-12-18RiverTiny mountain creek in Golden Gate Highlands National Park-1.86-7.730.060.37
WaterSA_18K1 18K1-27.4638923.436392018-01-04SpringEye of Kuruman spring-5.77-35.430.030.53
WaterSA_18K2 18K2-19.1408313.822782018-01-10SpringWell/source feeding Ongongo waterfalls-7.16-48.400.070.39
WaterSA_18K3 18K3-19.1708313.780562018-01-10SpringSource below dry waterfalls (mug sample and bottle not flushed)-6.71-47.580.080.34
WaterSA_18K4 18K4-19.1708313.780562018-01-10RiverDirectly from the stream-6.62-47.170.050.09
WaterSA_18K5 18K5-17.9086115.972502018-01-12PrecipitationRainfall; roof sample 10 min after the shower had started7.0940.180.030.52
WaterSA_18K6 18K6-17.5255618.536112018-01-13RiverOkavango/Cubango-4.17-30.440.090.67
WaterSA_18K7 18K7-17.9058319.763332018-01-13RiverOkavango-3.30-26.290.060.15
WaterSA_18K8 18K8-18.1061121.555562018-01-14RiverOkavango; brownish, indication of rainfall-3.42-27.940.030.18
WaterSA_18K9 18K9-17.7908323.343892018-01-14RiverKwando/Cuando; brownish, indication of rainfall-1.25-15.060.090.31
WaterSA_18K10 18K10-17.4861124.287502018-01-14RiverZambezi; brownish, indication of rainfall-3.74-24.890.080.60
WaterSA_18K12 18K12-24.2419427.963612018-01-18RiverSterkstroom-0.99-5.280.060.24
WaterSA_18K13 18K13-24.7622228.323062018-01-18RiverNyl river; near its wetland source-2.13-10.400.040.16
WaterSA_18K11 18K11-24.3997226.146672018-01-17RiverNotwane river; likely fed by groundwater3.9510.230.090.19
WaterSA_UW1 UW10.2160330.004002018-07-25RiverMamawamba River-2.81-5.700.100.56
WaterSA_UW2 UW20.3616730.014752018-07-26RiverMubuku River; drainage of the glacial fields but no glacial flour-3.31-8.760.060.17
WaterSA_UW3 UW30.3572829.969192018-07-27RiverIron-Rich streamlet near Lake Mahoma-3.31-7.900.080.30
WaterSA_UW4 UW40.0539232.458752018-08-01PrecipitationRainfall in Entebbe; rain started in the early morning and continued all day long0.9323.920.100.50
WaterSA_UW5 UW50.0539232.458752018-08-03PrecipitationRainfall in Entebbe; rain started in night and continued until 8:300.4520.620.080.26
WaterSA_ANW1 ANW1-14.9113913.289722018-08-25RiverRiver source area-4.45-29.810.080.63
WaterSA_ANW2 ANW2-15.0536113.533612018-08-26RiverHuila falls creek above the falls-4.90-31.300.100.23
WaterSA_ANW3 ANW3-13.4325015.348062018-08-28RiverTributary of upper Cunene-5.05-31.680.050.53
WaterSA_ANW4 ANW4-12.1533316.731942018-08-29RiverCreek near source area flowing east-4.17-26.370.020.30
WaterSA_ANW5 ANW5-9.0738916.000002018-09-03RiverRiver just above Kalandula falls Lanistes (Emanuel Bejwella-guide)-2.45-12.200.080.29
WaterSA_ANW6 ANW6-14.8666713.448892018-09-08RiverSource area of creek-5.11-31.610.060.47
WaterSA_ANW7 ANW7-14.8430613.400832018-09-08RiverSource area of creek-5.29-32.680.040.28
WaterSA_ANW8 ANW8-15.0694413.247502018-09-09RiverSource area of creek-4.52-29.090.020.25
WaterSA_DBW1 DBW1-28.5269428.672782018-10-07RiverMountain Creek in source area-2.48-11.760.080.18
WaterSA_DBW2 DBW2-29.7450029.323062018-10-09RiverMountain Creek near source area-3.21-11.300.050.17
WaterSA_DBW3 DBW3-29.7386129.314172018-10-09RiverMountain Creek near source area; below small farm houses-2.09-5.620.070.62
WaterSA_DBW4 DBW4-29.7452829.257782018-10-09RiverMountain Creek near source area-2.68-8.740.050.15
WaterSA_DBW5 DBW5-29.8475029.230002018-10-10RiverMountain stream upper reaches-1.66-4.490.050.31
WaterSA_DBW6 DBW6-29.6591729.441672018-10-11RiverMountain stream near source; goats around-1.74-4.210.060.19
WaterSA_19KHW01 19KHW01-26.2000028.066672019-02-15PrecipitationMidnight Rain in Johannesburg; during night between 2019-02-14 and 2019-02-15, around midnight local time (i.e. UTC+02)-7.13-43.770.050.61
WaterSA_19KHW02 19KHW02-29.5244427.226672019-02-17RiverMuddy creek with rocky areas-3.60-21.310.070.14
WaterSA_19KHW03 19KHW03-29.7541727.083062019-02-17RiverTributary Sandspruit; rocky river bed; silt flux-3.76-27.460.020.26
WaterSA_19KHW04 19KHW04-30.0441727.059442019-02-17RiverWit river; lots of silt flux-3.61-15.840.060.42
WaterSA_19KHW05 19KHW05-30.4350027.377782019-02-18RiverRiver near Mbhili with sandy/rocky bed-2.18-12.490.140.68
WaterSA_19KHW06 19KHW06-30.5305627.265832019-02-18RiverBamboespruit (River)-2.35-10.410.070.57
WaterSA_19KHW07 19KHW07-30.8069427.256942019-02-18RiverMountain Creek-1.96-7.760.090.33
WaterSA_19KHW08 19KHW08-30.9761127.228062019-02-18RiverKraals River (muddy)-3.20-14.050.030.30
WaterSA_19KHW09 19KHW09-32.2386125.563062019-02-19RiverMountain stream-3.17-18.220.050.31
WaterSA_19KHW10 19KHW10-33.0200024.296392019-02-19RiverClear stream-1.55-3.450.060.45
WaterSA_19KHW11 19KHW11-34.0216721.225562019-02-20RiverVet (Vette) River (Korinte Vet Dam empty)-1.50-3.270.100.41
WaterSA_19KHW12 19KHW12-34.0047220.377222019-02-21RiverStream with pebbles near hills (Keurbooms river)-2.92-9.370.050.60
WaterSA_19KHW13 19KHW13-32.6458319.406672019-02-22RiverGroot River (Check Dam)-2.37-12.360.090.50
WaterSA_19KHW14 19KHW14-32.5188919.350562019-02-22RiverMatjies River (Check Dam)-3.00-16.440.060.37
WaterSA_19KHW15 19KHW15-32.3513919.216392019-02-22RiverEselbank River-3.73-20.640.070.30
WaterSA_19KHW16 19KHW16-32.2794419.218062019-02-22RiverRiver Dassieboskloof; Tratra? Tributary-3.25-16.890.150.70
WaterSA_19KHW17 19KHW17-29.2544416.868332019-02-23OceanPort Nolloth beach0.684.870.070.48
WaterSA_19KHW18 19KHW18-23.0488918.722782019-02-26RiverStreamlet (damm upstream - visible in Google Maps!)-1.80-9.470.040.51
WaterSA_19KHW19 19KHW19-20.4630616.645562019-02-27PrecipitationRainfall (evening thunderstorm) at Otjiwarongo4.2831.060.090.78
WaterSA_19KHW20 19KHW20-20.4913917.305562019-03-01RiverCanal east of Waterberg; km 81,973 (at Bridge)-6.03-47.080.020.62
WaterSA_19KHW21 19KHW21-20.4630616.645562019-03-01PrecipitationRainfall; afternoon; from Roof1.8419.830.110.46
WaterSA_19KHW22 19KHW22-20.4630616.645562019-03-01PrecipitationRainfall; afternoon; from Bowl0.9514.780.031.26
WaterSA_19KHW23 19KHW23-17.9086119.763332019-03-04RiverOkavango at Rundu; sample from current-3.14-20.650.040.16
WaterSA_19KHW24 19KHW24-17.9077819.764442019-03-04RiverOkavango at Rundu; small, calm bay; cattle drinking place-3.15-20.880.040.36
WaterSA_19KHW25 19KHW25-18.1066721.613612019-03-05RiverCalm area in vegetation belt of Okavango cleopatra-2.94-21.770.080.53
WaterSA_19KHW26 19KHW26-28.3919421.853332019-03-06PrecipitationRainfall at Shakawe; early morning1.0118.210.030.73
WaterSA_19KHW27 19KHW27-18.7363921.728612019-03-06SpringSnake water hole at Tsodilo female hill-2.35-20.100.100.30
WaterSA_19KHW28 19KHW28-18.3569421.840282019-03-06RiverOkavango; vegetated bay at Shakawe-2.93-21.690.090.55
WaterSA_19KHW29 19KHW29-17.7900023.344172019-03-07RiverKwando/Cuanda; small, calm, vegetated bay-1.93-18.410.020.86
WaterSA_19KHW31 19KHW31-17.4913924.316112019-03-08RiverZambezi at Katima; high content of sediment-3.01-18.900.060.27
WaterSA_19KHW32 19KHW32-17.8838924.395002019-03-09LakeLake Liambezi; shallow Bay6.9126.940.030.38
WaterSA_19KHW33 19KHW33-17.7819425.169722019-03-09RiverChobe River at Kasane; high content of sediment-3.19-19.750.030.52
WaterSA_19KHW34 19KHW34-20.2038926.188892019-03-09RiverNata River; near old Bridge (standing water but overflow)-3.89-38.210.090.16
WaterSA_19KHW35 19KHW35-20.1194426.218612019-03-10RiverNata River at Maposa (flowing, ripple formation)-2.67-31.650.060.18
WaterSA_19KHW36 19KHW36-22.8827829.796392019-03-12RiverMountain stream (Mutumba River) small "Aplexa"-3.61-19.290.070.47
WaterSA_19KHW37 19KHW37-22.8083330.058892019-03-13RiverMountain River with rocky bed; Melanoides very abundant (Hzhelele River, Barriers upstream)-3.10-15.810.040.26
WaterSA_19KHW38 19KHW38-22.8625030.286672019-03-13RiverWestern inflow lake Fundudzi (Godoni River, Wetlands)-4.00-18.990.050.39
WaterSA_19KHW39 19KHW39-22.8577830.307222019-03-14LakeLake Fundudzi SW-3.05-14.220.030.15
WaterSA_19KHW40 19KHW40-22.8619430.308332019-03-14RiverWaterfall inflow, Fundudzi-4.07-17.110.020.62
WaterSA_19KHW41 19KHW41-22.8544430.308612019-03-14LakeLake Fundudzi-3.06-14.950.050.27
WaterSA_19KHW42 19KHW42-23.0105630.476672019-03-14RiverFast flowing river near Thohoyahdou / 1 Melanoides found; dam upstream?-3.58-16.150.040.19
WaterSA_LO1 LO1-19.1952817.549442018-12-11LakeKarst sink hole; Melanoides-5.23-46.570.050.54
WaterSA_19KHW30 19KHW30-17.7908323.343892019-03-07RiverKwando /Cuando; main current-2.02-20.610.080.42
WaterSA_19LESSA1W 19LESSA1W-28.7080628.933892019-05-07RiverDevils's Hoek River (tributary Tugela River); no snails-3.81-11.840.070.36
WaterSA_19LESSA2W 19LESSA2W-28.7122228.936672019-05-07RiverTiny "water fall"-3.63-10.660.050.27
WaterSA_19LESSA3W 19LESSA3W-28.7425028.914442019-05-08RiverTugela River close to Tugela Falls (Water Ice cold)-3.75-13.690.090.60
WaterSA_19LESSA4W 19LESSA4W-28.7425028.914442019-05-08RiverTugela River close to Tugela Falls (water ice cold); 20m downstream from 19-LESSA-3W-3.63-12.510.010.23
WaterSA_19LESSA5W 19LESSA5W-28.6855628.994442019-05-08Precipitation18:00 Rainfall in Tugela valley (rain from ca. 17:00 - 18:10)-1.49-3.840.070.77
WaterSA_19LESSA6W 19LESSA6W-28.6855628.994442019-05-08PrecipitationRainfall in Tugela valley (around 21:00, thunderstorm)0.3410.010.100.71
WaterSA_19LESSA7W 19LESSA7W-29.0533329.406672019-05-10RiverMountain stream-2.87-5.470.031.04
WaterSA_19LESSA8W 19LESSA8W-29.0572229.399172019-05-10RiverCrystal Falls (mountain stream)-3.31-8.100.160.50
WaterSA_19LESSA9W 19LESSA9W-29.0619429.395002019-05-10RiverMountain stream-3.21-8.570.150.41
WaterSA_19LESSA10W 19LESSA10W-29.1366729.606942019-05-11RiverHighland River above water fall; Dam upstream?-2.77-7.600.020.21
WaterSA_19LESSA11W 19LESSA11W-29.3222229.616112019-05-12RiverMountain stream with rocky bed-3.18-9.120.090.46
WaterSA_19LESSA12W 19LESSA12W-29.3216729.617782019-05-12RiverTiny tributary to 19LESSA11W near source-2.99-8.110.060.44
WaterSA_19LESSA13W 19LESSA13W-29.5075029.717222019-05-12RiverNkolweni River; Dam upstream?-3.20-12.750.080.42
WaterSA_19LESSA14W 19LESSA14W-29.6013929.308062019-05-14RiverMountain stream with rocks near source (Towards Sani Pass)-3.69-16.100.070.39
WaterSA_19LESSA15W 19LESSA15W-29.5533329.235002019-05-14RiverSani River in source Area (locals report fish: trout?); Burnupia, Crabs-3.61-17.820.130.66
WaterSA_19LESSA16W 19LESSA16W-29.4861129.164722019-05-14RiverTributary of Sehonghong River N-3.31-17.930.050.36
WaterSA_19LESSA17W 19LESSA17W-28.8919428.800832019-05-16RiverTiny stream near source; hummocks, ground "Squirrels"-3.14-15.400.040.41
WaterSA_19LESSA18W 19LESSA18W-29.4350028.964172019-05-17RiverTiny mountain stream-4.33-21.980.040.35
WaterSA_19LESSA19W 19LESSA19W-29.5016728.836392019-05-17RiverTiny mountain stream-3.21-17.300.070.67
WaterSA_19LESSA20W 19LESSA20W-29.5275028.553332019-05-17RiverMountain stream with pebbles (village -> laundry + litter); Burnupia, Ostracods?; silty to sandy-3.14-17.240.060.18
WaterSA_19LESSA21W 19LESSA21W-29.5491728.178892019-05-19RiverTiny mountain stream (catchment up to 400m higher)-3.77-17.930.060.25
WaterSA_19LESSA22W 19LESSA22W-29.5355627.773062019-05-20RiverMountain stream (fields)-3.31-15.190.060.43
WaterSA_19LESSA23W 19LESSA23W-29.4138927.835002019-05-23RiverSource at mountain slope-3.03-14.270.060.65
WaterSA_19LESSA24W 19LESSA24W-29.4800028.570832019-05-24RiverMountain stream at village-2.52-14.270.050.24
WaterSA_19LESSA25W 19LESSA25W-29.4125028.627222019-05-24RiverCascaded mountain stream-2.03-10.810.010.95
WaterSA_19LESSA26W 19LESSA26W-29.7272228.790282019-05-25RiverMinute cascaded rock stream (to Sehonghong River)-1.17-6.270.050.88
WaterSA_19LESSA27W 19LESSA27W-29.7275028.792502019-05-25RiverSehonghong River (Rock Shelter opposite)-1.61-10.130.160.80
WaterSA_19LESSA28W 19LESSA28W-29.3680629.074442019-05-26RiverSehonghong River (Northern); Burnupia (abundant); Ostracods?; silty + sandy-2.44-12.300.070.39
WaterSA_19LESSA29W 19LESSA29W-29.3211129.203612019-05-27RiverMokhotlong River; Burnupia, Crabs; Ostracods?; silty + sandy; locals say (sign language) that 30-40 cm large fish (Trout?) lives here-2.05-10.300.100.41
WaterSA_19LESSA30W 19LESSA30W-28.9897228.702782019-05-29RiverDrainage stream of hummocky area (Partly frozen); \/ shaped slope Furrows-2.92-12.240.060.61
WaterSA_19LESSA31W 19LESSA31W-29.0202828.548612019-05-29RiverMalibamatso River (fish not confirmed); Burnupia; Ostracods?; silty + sandy-3.12-14.010.040.39
WaterSA_19LESSA32W 19LESSA32W-28.8491728.291672019-06-01RiverTributary to Hlotse River (no snails found in Hlotse River); Burnupia-2.77-12.300.060.37
WaterSA_19LESSA33W 19LESSA33W-24.9330630.842222019-06-07PrecipitationRainfall at Graskop-0.6410.390.061.50
WaterSA_19LESSA34W 19LESSA34W-24.9122230.852782019-06-08RiverMountain Creek at Pinnacle Point-2.86-7.530.030.65
WaterSA_19LESSA35W 19LESSA35W-24.8422230.845002019-06-08RiverCreek of/above Berlin Falls-3.18-11.490.090.43
WaterSA_19LESSA36W 19LESSA36W-25.1025030.710002019-06-09RiverLone Creek Falls-3.62-13.870.040.34
WaterSA_19KHJA1 19KHJA1-18.3563921.840562019-07-29RiverWater (Bulinus, Radix, Bivalves)-1.82-17.780.040.39
WaterSA_19KHJA2 19KHJA2-18.7447222.196942019-07-31RiverOkavango River Bank (Sepopa swamp stop)-4.01-27.000.070.32
WaterSA_19KHJA3 19KHJA3-18.7447222.196942019-07-31RiverOkavango 3, off River Bank (at Sepopa Swamp Stop)-3.32-26.420.070.81
WaterSA_19KHJA4 19KHJA4-27.4638923.436392019-08-11SpringEye of Kuruman spring-5.98-35.920.080.70
WaterSA_19KHS1W 19KHS1W-23.3225017.014172019-09-07LakeLake Oanob (Dam) (snail sample Physa)2.14-7.230.090.54
WaterSA_19KHS2W 19KHS2W-32.1361119.001672019-09-18RiverCreek northern Cederberg Mountains-4.11-16.280.070.90
WaterSA_19KHS3W 19KHS3W-33.9213918.384442019-09-21PrecipitationRainfall; Cape Town, Sea Point-1.701.990.100.54
WaterSA_19KHS4W 19KHS4W-33.7227819.181942019-09-24RiverTributary-4.49-21.010.070.27
WaterSA_19KHS5W 19KHS5W-33.3916719.286112019-09-24RiverMountain creek near V/Ceres-4.66-19.160.080.17
WaterSA_19KHS6W 19KHS6W-33.5822219.133062019-09-24RiverMountain creek tributary-3.06-6.520.060.25
WaterSA_MOREMIGORGEW1 MOREMIGORGEW1-22.6111127.437782019-11-07RiverCascaded stream-5.68-34.870.100.39
WaterSA_MOREMIGORGEW2 MOREMIGORGEW2-22.6111127.437782019-11-07RiverCascaded stream-6.21-36.030.110.90
WaterSA_MAHALAPYERIVERW4 MAHALAPYERIVERW4-23.1022226.839722019-11-08RiverSlow moving water; rainfalls around october 25! Likely there was still some standing water in the river bed3.9520.660.030.36
WaterSA_GABORONEW5 GABORONEW5-24.6222225.909172019-11-09PrecipitationRain shower collected from roof over spill (late afternoon)0.998.130.070.42
WaterSA_GABORONEW6 GABORONEW6-24.6827825.909722019-11-11PrecipitationRainfall late afternoon, all clouds came from NNE -ITCZ; radar shows rotating from NW; samples from roof overspill0.3915.540.040.54
WaterSA_GABORONEW7 GABORONEW7-24.6827825.909722019-11-11PrecipitationRainfall early afternoon; all clouds came from NNE -ITCZ; radar shows rotating from NW; samples from roof overspill2.5724.900.060.58
WaterSA_GABORONEW8 GABORONEW8-24.6827825.909722019-11-11PrecipitationRainfall later evening, all clouds came from NNE -ITCZ;: radar shows rotating from NW; samples from roof overspill0.185.180.080.58
WaterSA_GABORONEW3 GABORONEW3-24.6222225.909172019-11-13PrecipitationRain shower collected from roof over spill (late afternoon)1.8814.600.080.85
WaterSA_20KHW1 20KHW1-28.6863928.893892020-02-17RiverMountain creek near sentinel park-4.00-16.140.100.38
WaterSA_20KHW2 20KHW2-28.6255628.837222020-02-17RiverNamahali River; 20KHW1 likely upper catchment-2.50-11.790.060.29
WaterSA_20KHW3 20KHW3-28.5569428.412502020-02-18RiverLittle caledon river; Burnupia on pebbles; 1 Planorbid-2.92-13.100.110.49
WaterSA_20KHW4 20KHW4-28.6136128.456112020-02-18RiverCaledon river at old mill's drift-2.33-10.160.100.54
WaterSA_20KHW5 20KHW5-28.5172228.420002020-02-18PrecipitationRainfall in Clarens; evening0.237.670.070.48
WaterSA_20KHW6 20KHW6-22.5402827.091392020-02-23PrecipitationRain in Palapye; night-1.371.980.050.17
WaterSA_20KHW7 20KHW7-22.5402827.091392020-02-24PrecipitationRain in Palapye; morning-2.78-14.870.110.47
WaterSA_20KHW8 20KHW8-29.8436127.540002020-03-05RiverMountain stream-3.51-17.320.090.30
WaterSA_20KHW9 20KHW9-29.8983327.631112020-03-05RiverMountain stream-2.84-13.060.120.66
WaterSA_20KHW10 20KHW10-29.9872227.605282020-03-05RiverMountain river (village upstream)-3.71-16.460.030.34
WaterSA_20KHW11 20KHW11-30.1922227.970282020-03-06RiverMountain stream-3.69-16.110.050.43
WaterSA_20KHW12 20KHW12-30.1066728.259722020-03-06RiverMountain-meadows river; burnupia on pebbles-3.47-17.460.070.59
WaterSA_20KHW13 20KHW13-30.0772228.621672020-03-06RiverMountain creek-3.22-14.420.060.45
WaterSA_20KHW14 20KHW14-31.9805629.152782020-03-10PrecipitationThunderstorm; heavy rain 20:15 at Coffee Bay-3.12-9.840.060.48
WaterSA_20KHW15 20KHW15-31.9786129.155832020-03-12RiverMountain stream; Coffe Bay; Burnupia on pebbles; no fish but crabs-2.28-2.790.050.54
WaterSA_20KHW16 20KHW16-27.7411129.937222020-03-16PrecipitationMorning rain fall in Newcastle-1.332.770.090.83
WaterSA_20KHW17 20KHW17-27.6241730.366112020-03-16RiverVaalbank river-2.64-9.470.050.43
WaterSA_20KHW18 20KHW18-27.6027830.374172020-03-16RiverMountain stream (Dam upstream in google maps!)-2.83-10.870.110.63
WaterSA_20KHW19 20KHW19-27.7411129.937222020-03-16PrecipitationRainfall in Newcastle; late afternoon-1.74-1.710.050.12
WaterSA_21KHW1 21KHW1-22.6208317.095562021-01-11PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 4-5) at 16:10-13.00-86.350.100.71
WaterSA_21KHW2 21KHW2-22.6208317.095562021-01-11PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 3) at 16:30-12.54-84.700.110.50
WaterSA_21KHW3 21KHW3-22.6208317.095562021-01-11PrecipitationContinuing rain (intensity 2) at 17:00-12.07-81.290.130.64
WaterSA_21KHW4 21KHW4-22.6208317.095562021-01-11PrecipitationContinuing rain (intensity 2) at 19:15-11.15-76.530.070.44
WaterSA_21KHW5 21KHW5-22.6208317.095562021-01-11PrecipitationContinuing rain (intensity 1-2) at 22:20-10.90-74.420.030.22
WaterSA_21KHW6 21KHW6-22.6208317.095562021-01-12PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 3-4) at 17:15-12.12-80.960.110.50
WaterSA_21KHW7 21KHW7-22.6208317.095562021-01-12PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 4-5) at 17:50-15.19-102.880.100.93
WaterSA_21KHW8 21KHW8-23.6288917.183612021-01-13RiverMansguber River; sediment (1-2 days rain)-12.96-90.870.090.43
WaterSA_21KHW9 21KHW9-24.2294417.485282021-01-13RiverFish River; sediment (?1 week rain)-11.34-81.080.020.33
WaterSA_21KHW10 21KHW10-25.4711117.956392021-01-14RiverAsab River; sediment (?1 week rain)-10.55-73.360.070.61
WaterSA_21KHW11 21KHW11-26.0844418.152222021-01-14RiverWasser River; sediment (?1 week rain)-8.78-56.240.070.34
WaterSA_21KHW12 21KHW12-26.7800018.537502021-01-14RiverLöwen River; sediment (?1 week rain)-5.29-44.060.090.84
WaterSA_21KHW13 21KHW13-26.5827818.134722021-01-14PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 4-5) at 17:55-8.03-51.270.050.38
WaterSA_21KHW14 21KHW14-26.5827818.134722021-01-14PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 4-5) at 18:05-9.43-58.840.030.17
WaterSA_21KHW15 21KHW15-26.5827818.134722021-01-14PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 4) at 18:20-8.89-54.590.080.21
WaterSA_21KHW16 21KHW16-26.5827818.134722021-01-14PrecipitationContinuing rain (intensity 2-3) at 19:10-7.01-53.150.040.19
WaterSA_21KHW17 21KHW17-26.7477817.222222021-01-15RiverKonkiep River; sediment (?1 week rain)-12.01-83.880.050.39
WaterSA_21KHW18 21KHW18-24.8480616.975832021-01-18RiverHudup River; sediment (?1 week rain)-8.46-66.860.040.72
WaterSA_21KHW19 21KHW19-24.4200016.842782021-01-19RiverFish River; sediment (?1 week rain)-9.58-71.920.050.13
WaterSA_21KHW20 21KHW20-23.4825015.757782021-01-19RiverGaub River; sediment (?1 week rain)-7.98-62.500.060.17
WaterSA_21KHW21 21KHW21-23.3038915.772222021-01-19RiverKuiseb River; sediment (?1 week rain)-9.05-68.460.070.38
WaterSA_21KHW22 21KHW22-21.4183315.956942021-01-22PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 3-4) at 19:40-11.15-78.900.070.43
WaterSA_21KHW23 21KHW23-21.4183315.956942021-01-22PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 3) at 20:20-11.52-84.560.070.65
WaterSA_21KHW24 21KHW24-20.6161116.382222021-01-23RiverErundu River; sediment (2-3 days rain)-11.72-83.360.070.59
WaterSA_21KHW25 21KHW25-20.4616716.644442021-01-23PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 4-5) at 13:00-15.34-113.560.040.54
WaterSA_21KHW26 21KHW26-20.4616716.644442021-01-23RiverGround runoff; sediment (1 day rain)-15.56-115.980.020.20
WaterSA_21KHW27 21KHW27-20.4616716.644442021-01-23PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 4-5) at 14:00-14.77-102.760.020.22
WaterSA_21KHW28 21KHW28-20.6491717.070832021-01-24RiverCreek from Klein Waterberg; sediment (1-2 days rain)-10.34-73.620.050.27
WaterSA_21KHW29 21KHW29-20.6319417.167502021-01-24RiverRiver from Waterberg; sediment (?1 week rain)-10.40-73.880.060.20
WaterSA_21KHW30 21KHW30-19.6575017.374172021-01-25RiverCreek from Otavi Mountains; sediment (1-2 days rain)-9.72-67.790.060.14
WaterSA_21KHW31 21KHW31-19.6466717.443062021-01-25RiverCreek from Otavi M. meadows; Sediment (?1 week rain)-9.67-68.290.050.41
WaterSA_21KHW32 21KHW32-18.8488918.112222021-01-26RiverOvambo River; clear (?1 week rain)-7.46-56.820.120.39
WaterSA_21KHW33 21KHW33-19.2438917.714442021-01-26PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 5) at 17:50-5.22-27.920.020.61
WaterSA_21KHW34 21KHW34-19.2438917.714442021-01-26PrecipitationThunderstorm rain (intensity 4) at 18:10-5.54-32.410.060.31
WaterSA_21KHW35 21KHW35-19.2438917.714442021-01-26PrecipitationContinuing rain (intensity 2-3) at 19:10-3.41-24.200.100.66
WaterSA_21KHW36 21KHW36-22.4497218.956942021-01-27RiverBlack Nossob River wetland outflow (2-3 days rain)-9.48-67.530.090.48
WaterSA_21KHW37 21KHW37-22.4413917.594722021-01-28RiverSeeis River; sediment (?1 week rain)-7.89-59.080.050.12
WaterSA_21KHW38 21KHW38-22.4994417.433892021-01-28RiverClear permanent stream (pond upstream) with Bulinus-7.41-54.630.080.53
WaterSA_21KHW39 21KHW39-22.5483317.250282021-01-29River"Seeis" (?) River; sediment (?1 week rain); small dam-8.49-61.250.050.25