Castagna, Alexandre; Amadei Martínez, Luz; Bogorad, Margarita; Daveloose, Ilse; Dasseville, Renaat; Dierssen, Heidi M; Beck, Matthew; Mortelmans, Jonas; Lavigne, Héloïse; Dogliotti, Ana I; Doxaran, David; Rudddick, Kevin; Vyverman, Wim; Sabbe, Koen (2022): Dataset of optical and biogeochemical properties of diverse Belgian inland and coastal waters [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940240

This dataset contains paired optical and biogeochemical properties sampled in the Belgian Coastal Zone and inland waters of Flanders, Belgium, for the growth season period (March to October) of 2017, 2018, and 2019. This dataset was collected to support: (1) development and validation of hyperspectral algorithms for aquatic retrievals with in situ instrumentation; (2) development and validation of hyperspectral algorithms for aquatic retrievals with Earth Observation; (3) development and validation of multispectral algorithms and aquatic applications to high spatial resolution sensors. The data were collected over a series of short campaigns, with variable frequency depending on the water system and sampling year. The systems sampled were lakes, a lagoon, an estuary and coastal waters. The data consist of three types of data:

I - Inherent Optical Properties:

- Spectral CDOM absorption coefficient (< 0.45 μm; cuvette): (A) Measured, (B) Fitted to hyperbolic model, (C) Hyperbolic slope;

- Spectral particle absorption coefficient (> 0.7 μm; filterpad inside integrating sphere): (A) Measured;

- Spectral de-pigmented particle absorption (ad) coefficient (> 0.7 μm; chemical oxidation): (A) Measured, (B) Fitted to exponential model, (C) Exponential slope;

- Spectral in vivo pigment absorption coefficient (> 0.7 μm; calculated by difference): (A) From measured ad, (B) From fitted ad;

- Spectral particle scattering coefficient (acceptance angle of 0.074 degrees): (A) Measured, (B) Compensated to equivalent 0.018 degree acceptance angle;

- Spectral particle beam attenuation coefficient (acceptance angle of 0.074 degrees): (A) Measured, (B) Compensated to equivalent 0.018 degree acceptance angle;

- Near-forward particle volume scattering function (laser diffraction at 670 nm): (A) Measured with a LISST-100X, (B) Measured with a LISST-200X;

- Turbidity (side-scattering, NIR): (A) Measured;

II - Apparent Optical Properties:

- Lambert-equivalent substrate bi-hemispherical reflectance (spectrometer and imaging spectrometer): (A) Measured;

- Lambert-equivalent water-leaving bi-hemispherical reflectance (Above water and on-water methods): (A) Estimated or measured, compensated for instrument self-shadowing;

- Secchi disk depth: (A) Measured, (B) Compensated for the Sun elevation;

III - Biogeochemical properties:

- Suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration (> 0.7 μm; gravimetric method): (A) Measured;

- Mineral fraction of the SPM (> 0.7 μm; thermal oxidation, gravimetric method): (A) Measured;

- Particle size distribution (laser diffraction): (A) Volume concentration from LISST-100X, (B) Volume concentration from LISST-200X;

- Apolar pigment concentration (> 0.7 μm; HPLC): (A) Mass concentration;

- Bottom cover classification (visual description): (A) Observed in situ;

- Phytoplankton counts (55 µm to 300 µm; flow imaging microscopy): (A) Measured;

- Amplicon sequencing of phytoplankton (> 0.7 μm; Illumina): (A) Spuikom lagoon, (B) Belgian Coastal Zone;

Folder description:

./anc = Ancillary parameters:

./anc/anc_metadata.csv : Station metadata (system, position, time, platform, depth)

./anc/anc_observation.csv : Field notes

./anc/anc_sun.csv : Local Sun zenith angle, azimuth and atmospheric pathlength

./anc/gis = Geographical Information System data:

./anc/gis/anc_gis_points.shp : Station points and metadata (LonLat, WGS84)

./anc/gis/anc_gis_points.kml : Station points

./iop = Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs):

./iop/iop_ag_meas.csv : Spectral CDOM absorption coefficient (measured)

./iop/iop_ag_fitted.csv : Spectral CDOM absorption coefficient (fitted to hyperbolic model)

./iop/iop_ag_shg.csv : Spectral CDOM hyperbolic slope

./iop/iop_ap.csv : Spectral particle absorption coefficient (measured)

./iop/iop_ad_meas.csv : Spectral de-pigmented particle absorption coefficient (measured)

./iop/iop_ad_fitted.csv : Spectral de-pigmented particle absorption coefficient (fitted to exponential model)

./iop/iop_ad_sed.csv : Spectral de-pigmented particle exponential slope

./iop/iop_aphy_meas.csv : Spectral in vivo pigment absorption coefficient (from measured ad)

./iop/iop_aphy_fitted.csv : Spectral in vivo pigment absorption coefficient (from fitted ad)

./iop/iop_bp_meas.csv : Spectral particle scattering coefficient (measured with acceptance angle of 0.074 degrees)

./iop/iop_bp_cor.csv : Spectral particle scattering coefficient (corrected to LISST-equivalent, acceptance angle of 0.018 degrees)

./iop/iop_cp_meas.csv : Spectral particle beam attenuation coefficient (measured with acceptance angle of 0.074 degrees)

./iop/iop_cp_cor.csv : Spectral particle beam attenuation coefficient (corrected to LISST-equivalent, acceptance angle of 0.018 degrees)

./iop/iop_vsf_lisst100.csv : Near-forward particle volume scattering function (from LISST-100X, at 670 nm)

./iop/iop_vsf_lisst200.csv : Near-forward particle volume scattering function (from LISST-200X, at 670 nm)

./iop/iop_vsf_lisst100_angles.csv : Range of scattering angles (in water) for each detector (LISST-100X)

./iop/iop_vsf_lisst200_angles.csv : Range of scattering angles (in water) for each detector (LISST-200X)

./iop/iop_turb.csv : Turbidity (side-scattering, NIR)

./aop = Apparent Optical Properties (AOPs):

./aop/aop_rho_sub.csv : Lambert-equivalent substrate bi-hemispherical reflectance

./aop/aop_rho_wl_cor.csv : Lambert-equivalent water-leaving bi-hemispherical reflectance (corrected for self-shadowing)

./aop/aop_secchi_meas.csv : Secchi disk depth (measured)

./aop/aop_secchi_cor.csv : Secchi disk depth (corrected for the Sun elevation)

./bgc = Biogeochemical Properties:

./bgc/bgc_spm.csv : Suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration

./bgc/bgc_mf.csv : Mineral fraction of the SPM

./bgc/bgc_psd_lisst100.csv : Volume concentration particle size distribution (from LISST-100X)

./bgc/bgc_psd_lisst200.csv : Volume concentration particle size distribution (from LISST-200X)

./bgc/bgc_psd_lisst100_sizes.csv : Range of particle sizes per inversion bin (LISST-100X)

./bgc/bgc_psd_lisst200_sizes.csv : Range of particle sizes per inversion bin (LISST-200X)

./bgc/bgc_pigments.csv : Apolar pigment concentration (HPLC)

./bgc/bgc_bottom.csv : Bottom cover classification

./bgc/bgc_flowcam.xlsx : Flow microscopy counts of phytoplankton

./bgc/bgc_amplicon_Spuikom.xlsx : Relative amplicon single variants count of pigmented organisms aggregated to species level (in the Spuikom)

./bgc/bgc_amplicon_BelgianCoast.xlsx : Relative amplicon single variants count of pigmented organisms aggregated to species level (in the Belgian coast)