Citation:

PANGAEA.939654

Name: Water chemistry of unfiltered groundwater samples from the Fennoscandian Shield deep terrestrial biosphere in 2018 and 2019
Published: 2021-12-17
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: aquifer; FT-ICR-MS; groundwater

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Abstract:

Copious amounts of organic carbon are stored for long periods of time in deep continental groundwaters. Little is known about its composition and cycling, mainly due to the difficulties in obtaining sample material. Cool fracture waters of different origins can be obtained under clean conditions at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Äspö HRL, Sweden), operated by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB). We sampled groundwater from different depth (171 to 507 meter below sea level) in the bedrock fractures in November 2018 and March-April 2019. We assessed water chemistry and dissolved organic matter composition via stable carbon isotopic and molecular-formula level analysis in recent Baltic Sea-influenced to old saline fracture waters in the granitic Fennoscandian shield.

Physicochemical parameters, major ions, water isotopic compositions (δ18O and δD), total nitrogen as well as dissolved organic matter concentration and stable isotopic composition were obtained for unfiltered groundwater samples from different boreholes.

Keyword(s):

aquifer; FT-ICR-MS; groundwater

Related to:

Osterholz, Helena; Turner, Stephanie; Alakangas, Linda J; Tullborg, Eva-Lena; Dittmar, Thorsten; Kalinowski, Birgitta E; Dopson, Mark (2022): Terrigenous dissolved organic matter persists in the energy-limited deep groundwaters of the Fennoscandian Shield. Nature Communications, 13(1), 4837, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32457-z

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 57.398037 * Median Longitude: 16.685330 * South-bound Latitude: 56.918333 * West-bound Longitude: 16.651667 * North-bound Latitude: 57.433440 * East-bound Longitude: 17.051667

Date/Time Start: 2018-11-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2019-10-04T00:00:00

Minimum Elevation: -507.0 m * Maximum Elevation: 0.0 m

Event(s):

BalticSea_Äspö * Latitude: 57.417500 * Longitude: 16.651667 * Date/Time: 2019-09-04T00:00:00 * Elevation: 0.0 m * Location: Sweden * Comment: Water type: BalticSea

BalticSea_Kalmar * Latitude: 56.918333 * Longitude: 17.051667 * Date/Time: 2019-04-16T00:00:00 * Elevation: 0.0 m * Location: Sweden * Comment: Water type: BalticSea

HA2780A_1 * Latitude: 57.433440 * Longitude: 16.659740 * Date/Time: 2019-03-18T00:00:00 * Elevation: -381.0 m * Location: Sweden * Comment: Water type: Saline

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Osterholz, Helena
2	Latitude of event	Latitude		Osterholz, Helena
3	Longitude of event	Longitude		Osterholz, Helena
4	Elevation of event	Elevation	m	Osterholz, Helena
5	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Osterholz, Helena	Geocode
6	Type	Type		Osterholz, Helena	Water type
7	Conductivity	Cond	mS/cm	Osterholz, Helena
8	Carbon, organic, dissolved	DOC	µmol/l	Osterholz, Helena	Average of technical replicates
9	Carbon, organic, dissolved, standard deviation	DOC std dev	±	Osterholz, Helena
10	Nitrogen, total dissolved	TDN	µmol/l	Osterholz, Helena	Average of technical replicates
11	Nitrogen, total dissolved, standard deviation	TDN std dev	±	Osterholz, Helena
12	Extraction efficiency	EE	%	Osterholz, Helena
13	Sodium	Na	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
14	Potassium	K	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
15	Calcium	Ca	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
16	Magnesium	Mg	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
17	Chlorine	Cl	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
18	Sulfur in sulfate	S in SO4*2-	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
19	Sulfide in hydrogen sulfide	S2--H2S	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
20	Iron	Fe	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
21	Iron, total	Fe tot	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
22	Iron 2+	Fe2+	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
23	Manganese	Mn	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
24	pH	pH		Osterholz, Helena
25	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Osterholz, Helena
26	Nitrogen in nitrite	N-[NO2]-	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
27	Nitrogen in nitrate	N-[NO3]-	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
28	Nitrogen in ammonium	N-[NH4]+	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
29	Phosphorus in phosphate	P-[PO4]3-	mg/l	Osterholz, Helena
30	Carbon-14, modern, dissolved inorganic carbon	pMC DIC	%	Osterholz, Helena
31	Carbon-14, modern, dissolved organic carbon	pMC DOC	%	Osterholz, Helena
32	δ13C, dissolved inorganic carbon	δ13C DIC	‰ PDB	Osterholz, Helena
33	δ13C, dissolved organic carbon	δ13C DOC	‰ PDB	Osterholz, Helena
34	δ Deuterium, water	δD H2O	‰ SMOW	Osterholz, Helena
35	δ18O, water	δ18O H2O	‰ SMOW	Osterholz, Helena

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Size:

1050 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 Elevation [m]	5 Date/Time	6 Type	7 Cond [mS/cm]	8 DOC [µmol/l]	9 DOC std dev [±]	10 TDN [µmol/l]	11 TDN std dev [±]	12 EE [%]	13 Na [mg/l]	14 K [mg/l]	15 Ca [mg/l]	16 Mg [mg/l]	17 Cl [mg/l]	18 S in SO4*2- [mg/l]	19 S2--H2S [mg/l]	20 Fe [mg/l]	21 Fe tot [mg/l]	22 Fe2+ [mg/l]	23 Mn [mg/l]	24 pH	25 Temp [°C]	27 N-[NO3]- [mg/l]	28 N-[NH4]+ [mg/l]	29 P-[PO4]3- [mg/l]	30 pMC DIC [%]	31 pMC DOC [%]	32 δ13C DIC [‰ PDB]	33 δ13C DOC [‰ PDB]	34 δD H2O [‰ SMOW]	35 δ18O H2O [‰ SMOW]
SA1229A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-171	2018-11-16	BrMarine1	103100	483.9	17.2	401.4	11.4	74	1780	27.80	334.0	146.0	3282	93.2	0.07	2.130	2.110	2.12	0.85	7.25	11.0	0.00	4.99	0.00	78.4	84.7	-5.3	-26.2	-57.4	-7.4
KA3105A_3	57.4334	16.6597	-416	2018-11-19	BrMarine2	87100	381.9	10.4	27.5	0.1	78	1330	10.30	455.0	72.3	2747	95.4	0.12	0.299	0.300	0.30	0.53	7.50	14.7	0.00	0.23	0.00	64.8	100.8	-13.2	-27.5	-66.5	-8.7
SA1730A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-237	2018-11-19	Saline	370000	64.8	0.7	6.6	0.7	88	3950	14.20	5050.0	31.6	14540	238.0	0.00	0.160	0.170	0.18	0.27	7.66	11.9	0.00	0.08	0.00	38.9	68.3	-18.5	-28.3	-85.1	-12.4
KA3600F_2	57.4334	16.6597	-447	2018-11-20	BrMarine2	119700	331.0	2.6	32.3	1.4	79	1850	11.50	708.0	75.2	3884	107.0	0.07	0.327	0.310	0.30	0.57	7.47	16.7	0.00	0.22	0.00	68.1	78.2	-6.2	-25.3	-64.5	-8.7
SA2600A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-345	2018-11-20	Saline	340400	75.2	4.3	8.0	1.4	87	3680	14.00	4400.0	33.7	13230	226.0	0.00	0.185	0.180	0.19	0.32	7.53	13.9	0.00	0.04	0.00	41.1	73.0	-17.3	-28.6	-86.1	-12.4
SA2600A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-345	2019-03-15	Saline	341000	78.8	3.1	6.9	0.6	82	3730	14.00	4620.0	32.1	13000	218.0	0.00	-0.400	0.190	0.19	0.30	7.50	13.3	0.00	0.04	0.00	38.6	73.0	-13.2	-23.7	-84.8	-12.6
SA2600A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-345	2019-03-15	Saline	341000	78.8	3.1	6.9	0.6	82	3730	14.00	4620.0	32.1	13000	218.0	0.00	-0.400	0.190	0.19	0.30	7.50	13.3	0.00	0.04	0.00	38.6	73.0	-13.2	-23.7	-84.8	-12.6
KA2865A01_1	57.4334	16.6597	-380	2019-03-13	Transition	196000	246.0	2.0	20.5	0.9	78	2230	12.50	2090.0	56.3	7110	133.0	0.06	0.400	0.390	0.40	0.43	7.38	13.6	0.00	0.18	0.00	64.7	93.6	-14.7	-26.5	-80.4	-11.2
KA2865A01_1	57.4334	16.6597	-380	2019-03-13	Transition	196000	243.7	1.7	20.6	1.4	82	2230	12.50	2090.0	56.3	7110	133.0	0.06	0.400	0.390	0.40	0.43	7.38	13.6	0.00	0.18	0.00	64.7	93.6	-14.7	-26.5	-80.4	-11.2
KA2051A01_5	57.4334	16.6597	-349	2019-03-13	BrMarine1	67700	516.1	9.9	23.9	0.8	79	1060	7.79	368.0	45.7	2050	73.8	0.12	0.152	0.160	0.16	0.26	7.69	12.3	0.00	0.13	0.00	62.2	105.7	-14.4	-26.9	-71.9	-9.7
KA2051A01_5	57.4334	16.6597	-349	2019-03-13	BrMarine1	67700	517.8	4.3	24.0	0.7	82	1060	7.79	368.0	45.7	2050	73.8	0.12	0.152	0.160	0.16	0.26	7.69	12.3	0.00	0.13	0.00	62.2	105.7	-14.4	-26.9	-71.9	-9.7
KA3105A_3	57.4334	16.6597	-416	2019-03-15	BrMarine2	86800	370.3	3.9	26.9	1.3	82	1380	10.10	463.0	69.0	2770	95.3	0.13	0.285	0.290	0.29	0.49	7.72	14.1	0.00	0.21	0.00	65.3	100.7	-13.0	-26.6	-66.5	-9.0
KA3105A_3	57.4334	16.6597	-416	2019-03-15	BrMarine2	86800	370.3	3.9	26.9	1.3	82	1380	10.10	463.0	69.0	2770	95.3	0.13	0.285	0.290	0.29	0.49	7.72	14.1	0.00	0.21	0.00	65.3	100.7	-13.0	-26.6	-66.5	-9.0
KA3385A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-448	2019-03-13	Transition	206000	97.5	0.3	9.5	0.5	87	2520	10.60	2220.0	55.4	7480	145.0	0.00	0.170	0.180	0.17	0.37	7.48	14.3	0.00	0.08	0.00	46.6	68.4	-8.0	-26.8	-79.0	-10.9
KA3385A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-448	2019-03-13	Transition	206000	98.2	2.6	8.6	0.3	81	2520	10.60	2220.0	55.4	7480	145.0	0.00	0.170	0.180	0.17	0.37	7.48	14.3	0.00	0.08	0.00	46.6	68.4	-8.0	-26.8	-79.0	-10.9
KA3510A_2	57.4334	16.6597	-507	2019-03-18	Transition	206000	119.3	3.5	6.7	0.6	81	2590	10.20	2280.0	32.4	7340	178.0	0.00	-0.100	0.070	0.06	0.25	7.75	15.0	0.00	0.02	0.00	46.3	73.4	-8.4	-25.8	-77.0	-10.8
KA3510A_2	57.4334	16.6597	-507	2019-03-18	Transition	206000	116.4	2.8	7.2	0.4	83	2590	10.20	2280.0	32.4	7340	178.0	0.00	-0.100	0.070	0.06	0.25	7.75	15.0	0.00	0.02	0.00	46.3	73.4	-8.4	-25.8	-77.0	-10.8
HA2780A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-381	2019-03-18	Saline	386000	70.4	3.8	5.9	0.9	83	4170	15.60	5590.0	32.8	15300	230.0	0.00	-0.400	0.070	0.06	0.26	7.81	13.4	0.00	0.02	0.00	50.9	71.7	-11.0	-27.8	-79.1	-11.6
HA2780A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-381	2019-03-18	Saline	386000	71.3	2.1	6.2	0.8	78	4170	15.60	5590.0	32.8	15300	230.0	0.00	-0.400	0.070	0.06	0.26	7.81	13.4	0.00	0.02	0.00	50.9	71.7	-11.0	-27.8	-79.1	-11.6
SA1730A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-237	2019-03-25	Saline	364000	81.9	0.7	6.6	0.6	82	3850	12.50	5100.0	29.4	14600	220.0	0.00	-0.400	0.170	0.16	0.25	7.60	11.6	0.00	0.04	0.00	38.4	69.7	-14.9	-28.7	-85.1	-12.5
SA1730A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-237	2019-03-25	Saline	364000	81.9	0.7	6.6	0.6	82	3850	12.50	5100.0	29.4	14600	220.0	0.00	-0.400	0.170	0.16	0.25	7.60	11.6	0.00	0.04	0.00	38.4	69.7	-14.9	-28.7	-85.1	-12.5
KA1755A_3	57.4334	16.6597	-280	2019-03-20	Saline	338000	66.6	3.9	5.6	0.8	79	3630	12.10	4790.0	30.5	12900	217.0	0.00	-0.400	0.160	0.16	0.26	7.61	11.7	0.00	0.03	0.00	47.8	58.2	-11.5	-26.6	-88.7	-12.9
KA1755A_3	57.4334	16.6597	-280	2019-03-20	Saline	338000	60.4	3.0	6.1	1.4	87	3630	12.10	4790.0	30.5	12900	217.0	0.00	-0.400	0.160	0.16	0.26	7.61	11.7	0.00	0.03	0.00	47.8	58.2	-11.5	-26.6	-88.7	-12.9
KA2511A_5	57.4334	16.6597	-395	2019-03-21	BrMarine1	100000	373.1	2.7	49.3	0.7	76	1710	11.30	471.0	81.3	3200	109.0	0.13	0.321	0.340	0.33	0.52	7.54	13.5	0.00	0.49	0.00	34.5	89.7	-9.3	-25.8	-63.1	-8.4
KA2511A_5	57.4334	16.6597	-395	2019-03-21	BrMarine1	100000	371.5	4.5	49.0	0.3	74	1710	11.30	471.0	81.3	3200	109.0	0.13	0.321	0.340	0.33	0.52	7.54	13.5	0.00	0.49	0.00	34.5	89.7	-9.3	-25.8	-63.1	-8.4
KA2862A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-380	2019-03-21	Saline	414000	76.2	1.6	5.1	0.3	82	4320	16.60	6120.0	33.0	16200	215.0	0.00	-0.400	0.130	0.12	0.29	7.65	13.7	0.00	0.02	0.00	43.2	71.1	-11.2	-28.3	-79.0	-11.8
KA2862A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-380	2019-03-21	Saline	414000	77.6	4.4	5.7	1.2	80	4320	16.60	6120.0	33.0	16200	215.0	0.00	-0.400	0.130	0.12	0.29	7.65	13.7	0.00	0.02	0.00	43.2	71.1	-11.2	-28.3	-79.0	-11.8
KA3600F_2	57.4334	16.6597	-447	2019-03-21	BrMarine2	119000	320.6	2.6	31.2	1.9	78	1950	11.40	714.0	72.6	3960	108.0	0.09	0.297	0.320	0.30	0.53	7.49	16.1	0.00	0.23	0.00	55.5	79.3	-6.3	-24.0	-63.6	-8.4
KA3600F_2	57.4334	16.6597	-447	2019-03-21	BrMarine2	119000	320.6	2.6	31.2	1.9	78	1950	11.40	714.0	72.6	3960	108.0	0.09	0.297	0.320	0.30	0.53	7.49	16.1	0.00	0.23	0.00	55.5	79.3	-6.3	-24.0	-63.6	-8.4
BalticSea_Kalmar	56.9183	17.0517	0	2019-04-16	BalticSea	123000	313.5	8.3	17.0	0.9	65	2130	80.70	102.0	245.0	3860	194.0	0.02	0.100	0.000	0.00	0.02	7.98	3.5	0.00	0.01	0.01	100.1	100.4	-0.7	-26.3	-52.7	-6.9
BalticSea_Kalmar	56.9183	17.0517	0	2019-04-16	BalticSea	123000	317.4	3.7	17.5	0.6	62	2130	80.70	102.0	245.0	3860	194.0	0.02	0.100	0.000	0.00	0.02	7.98	3.5	0.00	0.01	0.01	100.1	100.4	-0.7	-26.3	-52.7	-6.9
SA1229A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-171	2019-10-04	BrMarine1	103000	486.7	5.9	394.4	7.3	75	1810	26.80	345.0	140.0	3270	90.5	0.06	1.860	1.870	1.82	0.79	7.28	11.0	0.00	4.90	0.01	81.7	86.5	-5.3	-26.2	-56.8	-7.4
SA1229A_1	57.4334	16.6597	-171	2019-10-04	BrMarine1	103000	486.7	5.9	394.4	7.3	75	1810	26.80	345.0	140.0	3270	90.5	0.06	1.860	1.870	1.82	0.79	7.28	11.0	0.00	4.90	0.01	81.7	86.5	-5.3	-26.2	-56.8	-7.4
BalticSea_Äspö	57.4175	16.6517	0	2019-09-04	BalticSea	98000	583.7	4.1	30.2	0.6	65	1800	64.40	82.9	190.0	3000	153.0	0.02	0.041	0.047	0.03	0.02	7.32	6.5	0.03	0.03	0.00	105.6	99.2	-2.9	-25.6	-58.2	-7.6
BalticSea_Äspö	57.4175	16.6517	0	2019-09-04	BalticSea	98000	592.0	5.8	30.8	0.7	71	1800	64.40	82.9	190.0	3000	153.0	0.02	0.041	0.047	0.03	0.02	7.32	6.5	0.03	0.03	0.00	105.6	99.2	-2.9	-25.6	-58.2	-7.6