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Comeau, Steeve; Cornwall, Christopher Edward; Shlesinger, T; Hoogenboom, M O; Mana, R; McCulloch, Malcolm T; Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo (2022): Coral calcifying fluid chemistry at CO2 seeps [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.939651

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Abstract:
Coral reefs are iconic ecosystems with immense ecological, economic and cultural value, but globally their carbonate-based skeletal construction is threatened by ocean acidification (OA). Identifying coral species that have specialised mechanisms to maintain high rates of calcification in the face of declining seawater pH is of paramount importance in predicting future species composition, and growth of coral reefs. Here, we studied multiple coral species from two distinct volcanic CO2 seeps in Papua New Guinea to assess their capacity to control their calcifying fluid (CF) chemistry. Several coral species living under conditions of low mean seawater pH, but with either low or high variability in seawater pH, were examined and compared with those living in 'normal' (non-seep) ambient seawater pH. We show that when mean seawater pH is low but highly variable, corals have a greater ability to maintain constant pHcf in their CF, but this characteristic was not linked with changes in abundance. Within less variable low pH seawater, corals with limited reductions in pHcf at the seep sites compared with controls tended to be more abundant at the seep site than at the control site. However, this finding was strongly influenced by a single species (Montipora foliosa), which was able to maintain complete pHcf homeostasis. Overall, although our findings indicate that there might be an association between ecological success and greater pHcf homeostasis, further research with additional species and at more sites with differing seawater pH regimes is required to solidify inferences regarding coral ecological success under future OA.
Keyword(s):
Acid-base regulation; Acropora cytherea; Acropora millepora; Acropora samoensis; Acropora sp.; Acropora tenuis; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Cnidaria; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Echinopora lamellosa; Favites halicora; Favites pentagona; Field observation; Galaxea fascicularis; Merulina ampliata; Montipora foliosa; Pachyseris speciosa; Pocillopora damicornis; Pocillopora sp.; Pocillopora verrucosa; Porites annae; Porites lutea; Porites rus; Psammocora sp.; Seriatopora caliendum; Single species; South Pacific; Tropical; Turbinaria reniformis
Supplement to:
Comeau, Steeve; Cornwall, Christopher Edward; Shlesinger, T; Hoogenboom, Mia; Mana, R; McCulloch, Malcolm T; Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo (2022): pH variability at volcanic CO2 seeps regulates coral calcifying fluid chemistry. Global Change Biology, 28(8), 2751-2763, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16093
Further details:
Comeau, Steeve; Cornwall, Christopher Edward; Shlesinger, T; Hoogenboom, M O; Mana, R; McCulloch, Malcolm T; Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo (submitted): High frequency pH data measured in Normanby and Ambitle at the vent and control sites. Data_pH_Ambit_Norm.csv
Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James (2021): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.16. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2021) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2021-12-17.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
TypeTypeComeau, Steevestudy
SpeciesSpeciesComeau, Steeve
Registration number of speciesReg spec noComeau, Steeve
Uniform resource locator/link to referenceURL refComeau, SteeveWoRMS Aphia ID
SiteSiteComeau, Steeve
TreatmentTreatComeau, Steeve
δ11Bδ11B‰ SRMComeau, Steeve
Boron/Calcium ratioB/CaComeau, Steeve
Calcifying fluid, pHCF pHComeau, Steeve
10 Calcifying fluid, dissolved inorganic carbonCF DICµmol/kgComeau, Steeve
11 SalinitySalComeau, Steeve
12 pHpHComeau, SteeveMedians, total scale
13 pHpHComeau, Steeve5th percentile total scale
14 pHpHComeau, Steeve95th percentile total scale
15 Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgComeau, SteeveMedians
16 Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgComeau, Steeve5th percentile
17 Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgComeau, Steeve95th percentile
18 Temperature, waterTemp°CComeau, SteeveMedians
19 Temperature, waterTemp°CComeau, Steeve5th percentile
20 Temperature, waterTemp°CComeau, Steeve95th percentile
21 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmComeau, SteeveMedians
22 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmComeau, Steeve5th percentile
23 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmComeau, Steeve95th percentile
24 Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgComeau, SteeveMedians
25 Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgComeau, Steeve5th percentile
26 Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgComeau, Steeve95th percentile
27 Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgComeau, SteeveMedians
28 Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgComeau, Steeve5th percentile
29 Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgComeau, Steeve95th percentile
30 Carbonate system computation flagCSC flagYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31 Carbon dioxideCO2µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32 Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)fCO2water_SST_wetµatmYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34 Bicarbonate ion[HCO3]-µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35 Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36 Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37 Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38 Calcite saturation stateOmega CalYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
5196 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Type
(study)

Species

Reg spec no

URL ref
(WoRMS Aphia ID)

Site

Treat

δ11B [‰ SRM]

B/Ca

CF pH
10 
CF DIC [µmol/kg]
11 
Sal
12 
pH
(Medians, total scale)
13 
pH
(5th percentile total scale)
14 
pH
(95th percentile total scale)
15 
AT [µmol/kg]
(Medians)
16 
AT [µmol/kg]
(5th percentile)
17 
AT [µmol/kg]
(95th percentile)
18 
Temp [°C]
(Medians)
19 
Temp [°C]
(5th percentile)
20 
Temp [°C]
(95th percentile)
21 
pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
(Medians)
22 
pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
(5th percentile)
23 
pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
(95th percentile)
24 
DIC [µmol/kg]
(Medians)
25 
DIC [µmol/kg]
(5th percentile)
26 
DIC [µmol/kg]
(95th percentile)
27 
Omega Arg
(Medians)
28 
Omega Arg
(5th percentile)
29 
Omega Arg
(95th percentile)
30 
CSC flag
31 
CO2 [µmol/kg]
32 
fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
33 
pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
34 
[HCO3]- [µmol/kg]
35 
[CO3]2- [µmol/kg]
36 
DIC [µmol/kg]
37 
Omega Arg
38 
Omega Cal
FieldMontipora foliosa (coral)207182marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient22.64988452480.10000008.3669275374408.319584348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldMontipora foliosa (coral)207182marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient22.15557818483.70000008.3336601694402.529382348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldMontipora foliosa (coral)207182marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient22.65774928490.20000008.3674518664317.041588348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldAcropora sp. (coral)AmbitleAmbient25.90673218575.00000008.5761616593478.973169348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldAcropora sp. (coral)AmbitleAmbient24.91669596547.40000008.5135988863726.768262348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldAcropora sp. (coral)AmbitleAmbient24.29959843539.90000008.4743377833821.186247348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPorites annae (coral)288886marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.44577989479.40000008.4836680944292.310120348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPorites annae (coral)288886marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient25.30473797480.30000008.5381560964215.838472348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPorites annae (coral)288886marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.01431361465.90000008.4560622794449.886678348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPocillopora damicornis (coral)206953marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.50071209579.80000008.4871689063545.551911348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPocillopora damicornis (coral)206953marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient23.73058822553.40000008.4377851833763.905713348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPocillopora damicornis (coral)206953marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient23.39801506539.90000008.4162093423878.300433348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldEchinopora lamellosa (coral)207421marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.47173198540.90000008.4853223603802.513251348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldEchinopora lamellosa (coral)207421marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient22.75079210477.00000008.3736438844430.980476348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldEchinopora lamellosa (coral)207421marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient23.36228964512.20000008.4138807664090.274498348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPsammocora sp. (coral)AmbitleAmbient22.44033237474.20000008.3529017064475.258079348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPsammocora sp. (coral)AmbitleAmbient23.55451728491.40000008.4263845694250.728305348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPsammocora sp. (coral)AmbitleAmbient23.96643600480.80000008.4529856504315.455749348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPorites Lutea (coral)760325marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.71686526455.60000008.5009188284494.386846348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPorites Lutea (coral)760325marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.96800000480.30000008.5168501344243.299461348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPorites Lutea (coral)760325marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.50500000445.70000008.4874420564611.964645348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient26.58288156620.60000008.6188764363177.156477348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.97742867552.00000008.5174474803691.472030348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.54226924558.70000008.4898155063676.701852348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPocillopora verrucosa (coral)206954marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient23.37480978572.80000008.4146970803656.840672348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPocillopora verrucosa (coral)206954marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient22.57663995551.30000008.3620373643842.679391348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldPocillopora verrucosa (coral)206954marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient23.37701800573.10000008.4148410283654.803106348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO221.55623975572.70000008.2923785053742.006974347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO222.22253810565.30000008.3382047013764.067489347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO222.02251874560.50000008.3245913593805.069114347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldPsammocora sp. (coral)AmbitleCO221.55623975471.30000008.2923785054547.098226347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldPsammocora sp. (coral)AmbitleCO222.22253810457.60000008.3382047014649.972359347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldPsammocora sp. (coral)AmbitleCO222.02251874487.00000008.3245913594379.345459347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldPocillopora damicornis (coral)206953marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO222.43987232516.60000008.3528707934107.974572347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldPocillopora damicornis (coral)206953marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO222.46139410510.20000008.3543163654158.376351347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldPocillopora damicornis (coral)206953marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO222.53327267540.40000008.3591358093922.387901347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO223.89897761568.30000008.4486457063655.121851347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO223.40541663546.30000008.4166914973832.430082347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO223.10433814535.20000008.3969986063929.570471347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldMontipora foliosa (coral)207182marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO222.72225117517.10000008.3717466104088.941784347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldMontipora foliosa (coral)207182marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO222.20753611503.60000008.3371876174225.984012347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldMontipora foliosa (coral)207182marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO221.64003638491.20000008.2982202544359.365931347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldEchinopora lamellosa (coral)207421marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO221.41683666472.00000008.2826055424546.167640347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldEchinopora lamellosa (coral)207421marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO220.46275393438.60000008.2136266554924.031142347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldEchinopora lamellosa (coral)207421marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO220.21075407423.20000008.1947026765108.002892347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldPorites Lutea (coral)760325marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO222.50308475525.60000008.3571132944034.397533347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldPorites Lutea (coral)760325marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO222.88882198559.10000008.3827936773773.159325347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldPorites Lutea (coral)760325marinespecies.orgAmbitleCO222.81012584524.90000008.3775822114023.375711347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.24628362590.40000008.4709294003497.594002348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.80906568605.60000008.5067727293375.411400348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgAmbitleAmbient24.51617102581.60000008.4881536003533.596561348.027.948.0623152149234930.330.330.64223765301980195520293.883.374.15810.71426.49427.771744.14233.911988.763.845.74
FieldAcropora sp. (coral)AmbitleCO223.77969412553.20000008.4409564863762.264626347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldAcropora sp. (coral)AmbitleCO223.94254012587.60000008.4514489903532.505766347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldAcropora sp. (coral)AmbitleCO222.28980161556.70000008.3427573033819.135807347.657.477.8023492183238230.530.230.7117879318632204213522762.952.033.95829.581182.811186.362061.19118.772209.541.952.92
FieldAcropora cytherea (coral)207095marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.58500000497.86082258.3625961774254.680129347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora cytherea (coral)207095marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.81500000471.52751168.3779053874478.484618347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora cytherea (coral)207095marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient23.86000000529.09227808.4461353063928.512453347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora cytherea (coral)207095marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.52700000533.45826258.3587157423973.749435347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldAcropora cytherea (coral)207095marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.05200000501.36949318.3266051514252.422062347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldAcropora cytherea (coral)207095marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.28100000508.24365858.3421622864183.699964347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldAcropora millepora (coral)207023marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient24.36100000603.01711438.4782594583417.534818347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora millepora (coral)207023marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient23.14700000508.77360878.3997993714131.102417347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora millepora (coral)207023marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient23.81000000571.85967788.4429119373637.700914347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora millepora (coral)207023marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO224.69000000528.20811088.4992119413878.499365347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldAcropora millepora (coral)207023marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO225.43000000560.70466598.5460699853602.373771347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldAcropora millepora (coral)207023marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO224.54600000577.74192638.4900530283555.281119347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldAcropora samoensis (coral)207055marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient25.22200000582.31335858.5329258493482.905289347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora samoensis (coral)207055marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient25.01400000570.53679298.5197639473569.054972347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora samoensis (coral)207055marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient25.27300000547.40965668.5361501013701.297700347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora samoensis (coral)207055marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO223.00100000496.91662458.3901994184238.616724347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldAcropora samoensis (coral)207055marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.70500000515.97191248.3705989214098.830729347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldAcropora samoensis (coral)207055marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.67900000508.62305168.3688678814159.497422347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient25.99600000648.06067798.5817953263081.029207347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient25.26600000619.03962358.5357076163273.463037347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient25.54700000610.67670548.5534580253299.871107347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO225.89500000642.75834208.5754212823112.983756347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO224.52400000626.48323368.4886522043279.976235347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldAcropora tenuis (coral)207105marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO225.80900000644.65007708.5699942233109.364710347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldFavites halicora (coral)207447marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.24500000469.96554078.3397263744526.413203347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldFavites halicora (coral)207447marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.78400000476.29218728.3758490634435.563865347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldFavites halicora (coral)207447marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient23.45600000495.53343908.4199841014221.761088347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldFavites halicora (coral)207447marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO221.03600000422.55424618.2555342445093.815801347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldFavites halicora (coral)207447marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO221.55500000377.77174488.2922918955672.929594347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldFavites halicora (coral)207447marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO221.22400000467.61844078.2689686384596.289151347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldFavites pentagona (coral)207446marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient24.00200000525.81460608.4552712813943.656849347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldFavites pentagona (coral)207446marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient24.10900000493.49456378.4621384474194.317498347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldFavites pentagona (coral)207446marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient23.74500000513.55814468.4387162724054.962841347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldFavites pentagona (coral)207446marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.16600000409.09768138.3343683235204.734014347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldFavites pentagona (coral)207446marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO221.39600000396.13837928.2811387425417.771063347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldFavites pentagona (coral)207446marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO221.73200000391.88802788.3046039215459.111442347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient25.67500000624.37850598.5615376863219.122470347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient25.59300000537.22903758.5563619433747.544984347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient25.93100000635.42239958.5776931373146.570878347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO225.04000000632.74081458.5214103643216.590628347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO224.45600000566.71964298.4843196303630.292497347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldGalaxea fascicularis (coral)207366marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO224.46900000581.34580288.4851482453538.135070347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldMerulina ampliata (coral)207407marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient21.91700000469.12773118.3173622174551.464913347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldMerulina ampliata (coral)207407marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.14500000439.26841978.3329410764848.437366347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldMerulina ampliata (coral)207407marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient25.00400000509.86396828.5191306113994.525550347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldMerulina ampliata (coral)207407marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO223.13300000520.64143178.3988806584037.763412347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldMerulina ampliata (coral)207407marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.81600000411.93330238.3779716855126.314647347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldMerulina ampliata (coral)207407marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO221.74800000470.34964478.3057116944547.707431347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldPachyseris speciosa (coral)207293marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.82600000564.55914588.3786345363739.926191347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldPachyseris speciosa (coral)207293marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.63700000548.96756588.3660682343855.955618347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldPachyseris speciosa (coral)207293marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient23.91200000588.11577418.4494839723531.203725347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldPachyseris speciosa (coral)207293marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.88700000577.84946268.3826731743650.824454347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldPachyseris speciosa (coral)207293marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO224.27200000664.74068328.4725738113105.051881347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldPachyseris speciosa (coral)207293marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.56500000565.81895598.3612590283744.642130347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldPocillopora sp. (coral)NormanbyAmbient22.87400000601.93765598.3818131603505.360745347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldPocillopora sp. (coral)NormanbyAmbient22.16500000555.44315278.3343003873833.460681347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldPocillopora sp. (coral)NormanbyAmbient21.32500000503.91726238.2761286054261.627743347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldPocillopora sp. (coral)NormanbyCO222.21700000590.05190728.3378293103606.406688347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldPocillopora sp. (coral)NormanbyCO221.60300000551.81396338.2956413033881.907617347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldPocillopora sp. (coral)NormanbyCO220.13000000473.65931908.1885671684564.862866347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldPorites rus (coral)207231marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.74600000501.98870408.3733254574210.681829347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldPorites rus (coral)207231marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.74300000496.73628268.3731260854255.377557347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldPorites rus (coral)207231marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.85000000515.22917858.3802244794096.644414347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldPorites rus (coral)207231marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO223.92200000489.07635988.4501275304245.576730347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldPorites rus (coral)207231marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO221.32400000461.06526288.2760579054657.748576347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldPorites rus (coral)207231marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.47700000508.46838318.3553638434171.712797347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldSeriatopora caliendum (coral)206969marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.02600000560.02079568.3248292893808.176676347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldSeriatopora caliendum (coral)206969marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.20800000556.67891238.3372190773823.018674347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldSeriatopora caliendum (coral)206969marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.02500000560.57910878.3247609473804.426495347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldSeriatopora caliendum (coral)206969marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO223.18500000598.89936038.4022911153507.468575347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldSeriatopora caliendum (coral)206969marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO223.16500000589.67591948.4009800173563.381331347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldSeriatopora caliendum (coral)206969marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.95900000575.12139118.3874297733664.436331347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldTubastrea sp. (coral)NormanbyAmbient23.90400000593.84583218.4489690303497.595679347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldTubastrea sp. (coral)NormanbyAmbient24.77900000617.31517908.5048645003313.204910347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldTubastrea sp. (coral)NormanbyAmbient25.76700000666.03030148.5673437763012.147061347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldTubastrea sp. (coral)NormanbyCO223.02800000591.36988658.3919779823560.252559347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldTubastrea sp. (coral)NormanbyCO223.14800000610.13165708.3998649793444.772996347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldTubastrea sp. (coral)NormanbyCO222.10000000570.01936888.3298784393738.243270347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldTurbinaria reniformis (coral)207507marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient24.08800000590.81613308.4607917863504.668241347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldTurbinaria reniformis (coral)207507marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient22.32800000524.49343648.3453372104051.768123347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldTurbinaria reniformis (coral)207507marinespecies.orgNormanbyAmbient23.53900000558.14810738.4253774973743.303085347.977.918.0021632107219230.530.130.84544165371872185519053.332.993.51811.45457.90459.271667.13200.701879.283.304.93
FieldTurbinaria reniformis (coral)207507marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.66100000582.79951748.3676685423630.961416347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldTurbinaria reniformis (coral)207507marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO223.17400000612.67786778.4015701053429.145673347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78
FieldTurbinaria reniformis (coral)207507marinespecies.orgNormanbyCO222.83500000558.93333798.3792309133777.101367347.667.197.9222212184227630.226.930.9108453834952080195622461.890.703.10827.401088.061091.331943.38113.362084.141.862.78