Chandler, David M; Langebroek, Petra M (2021): Last interglacial and penultimate glacial sea surface temperature anomalies: summary statistics for the region south of 40°S, resampled to 2000 year resolution [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.938621
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Abstract:
Southern Ocean marine sediments provide an important archive of Quaternary glacial-interglacial climate changes. Sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions in the Southern Ocean depend exclusively on the fossils or geochemical signatures of planktic organisms, but the strengths of these SST proxies remain poorly quantified in this region. To improve confidence in Southern Ocean paleoclimate reconstructions, we first evaluated the reliability of SST proxies employed at Quaternary glacial-interglacial time scales, focusing on three key potential problems: advection/dispersion, seasonality, and non-thermal influences. On that basis, we selected foraminifera assemblages, long-chain alkenones (UK'37 index), diatom assemblages, and the Globigerina bulloides Mg/Ca ratio as the most reliable SST proxies in the Southern Ocean. We also revised calibrations where appropriate, using core-top sediment databases. Overall, Southern Ocean SST reconstructions using these recommended proxies and calibrations should be robust when averaging across multiple sites and proxy types, but should be treated with caution when analysing spatial variability, a small number of sites, or a single proxy type. We have applied these recommendations to a synthesis of Southern Ocean SST over the penultimate glacial and last interglacial (LIG). Similar to previous studies, we find that LIG warming at 40°S to 60°S reached 1.6 ± 1.1°C (annual mean) or 1.9 ± 1.3°C (austral summer: JFM) relative to present. Annual / summer cooling in the penultimate glacial maximum reached -3.6 ± 1.0°C / -4.0 ± 1.2°C, similar to the last glacial maximum. Compared with the previous LIG SST syntheses, our reported uncertainties more strongly reflect geographic variability and dating errors, as we have reduced errors in the individual temperature reconstructions and do not date records by aligning peaks in their SST.
Keyword(s):
Related to:
Chandler, David M; Langebroek, Petra M (2021): Last interglacial and penultimate glacial sea surface temperature anomalies for the region south of 40°S, resampled to 2000 year resolution. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.938620
Chandler, David M; Langebroek, Petra M (2021): Southern Ocean sea surface temperature synthesis: Part 1. Evaluation of temperature proxies at glacial-interglacial time scales. Quaternary Science Reviews, 271, 107191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107191
Chandler, David M; Langebroek, Petra M (2021): Southern Ocean sea surface temperature synthesis: Part 2. Penultimate glacial and last interglacial. Quaternary Science Reviews, 271, 107190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107190
Further details:
Locarnini, Ricardo A; Mishonov, Alexey V; Baranova, O; Boyer, Timothy P; Zweng, M M; Garcia, H E; Reagan, James R; Seidov, Dan; Weathers, Katharine W; Paver, Christopher R; Smolyar, I (2019): World Ocean Atlas 2018, Volume 1: Temperature. In: Mishonov, A.. (Technical Ed.), NOAA Atlas NESDIS 81, 52pp., https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-climate-laboratory
Project(s):
Funding:
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -60.000000 * Median Longitude: 180.000000 * South-bound Latitude: -80.000000 * West-bound Longitude: 180.000000 * North-bound Latitude: -40.000000 * East-bound Longitude: 180.000000
Event(s):
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | AGE | Age | ka BP | Chandler, David M | Geocode | |
| 2 | Number of observations | NOBS | # | Chandler, David M | Number of records, annual SST | |
| 3 | Sea surface temperature, anomaly | SST anomaly | °C | Chandler, David M | Mean annual SST anomaly, relative to World Ocean Atlast 2018 (Locarnini et al., 2019) | |
| 4 | Sea surface temperature, anomaly, standard deviation | SST anomaly std dev | ± | Chandler, David M | Annual SST anomaly | |
| 5 | Confidence interval | CI | Chandler, David M | 95% CI, annual SST anomaly, degC | ||
| 6 | Number of observations | NOBS | # | Chandler, David M | Number of records, summer (JFM) SST | |
| 7 | Sea surface temperature, anomaly | SST anomaly | °C | Chandler, David M | Mean summer (JFM) SST anomaly, relative to World Ocean Atlast 2018 (Locarnini et al., 2019) | |
| 8 | Sea surface temperature, anomaly, standard deviation | SST anomaly std dev | ± | Chandler, David M | Summer (JFM) SST anomaly | |
| 9 | Confidence interval | CI | Chandler, David M | 95% CI, summer (JFM) SST anomaly, degC |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
848 data points
Data
| 1 Age [ka BP] | 2 NOBS [#] (Number of records, annual SST) | 3 SST anomaly [°C] (Mean annual SST anomaly, rela...) | 4 SST anomaly std dev [±] (Annual SST anomaly) | 5 CI (95% CI, annual SST anomaly, degC) | 6 NOBS [#] (Number of records, summer (JF...) | 7 SST anomaly [°C] (Mean summer (JFM) SST anomaly...) | 8 SST anomaly std dev [±] (Summer (JFM) SST anomaly) | 9 CI (95% CI, summer (JFM) SST anom...) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 13 | 0.311475772 | 1.578948991 | 0.954149326 | 13 | 0.81668354 | 1.85611312 | 1.12163793 |
| 2 | 13 | 0.326335199 | 1.763107551 | 1.065435230 | 12 | 0.81596709 | 2.16867166 | 1.37790824 |
| 4 | 15 | 0.220249520 | 1.813387564 | 1.004220560 | 12 | 0.66821874 | 2.17553859 | 1.38227127 |
| 6 | 18 | 0.481068640 | 2.048049148 | 1.018470881 | 15 | 0.47276350 | 2.27412877 | 1.25937054 |
| 8 | 18 | 0.600995792 | 2.085276017 | 1.036983367 | 15 | 1.44314707 | 2.15770486 | 1.19489712 |
| 10 | 18 | -0.692928904 | 1.745145420 | 0.867840400 | 16 | -0.19883820 | 2.30874809 | 1.23024502 |
| 12 | 20 | -0.693394400 | 1.115370993 | 0.522009693 | 17 | -0.42258200 | 1.76931163 | 0.90969610 |
| 14 | 20 | -1.754542629 | 2.188750188 | 1.024366620 | 17 | -1.36971020 | 2.80750650 | 1.44348665 |
| 16 | 20 | -2.304170162 | 1.860647611 | 0.870809887 | 16 | -2.00645450 | 2.34007203 | 1.24693637 |
| 18 | 15 | -2.092972677 | 1.391273017 | 0.770461316 | 13 | -1.53438890 | 1.35171515 | 0.81683329 |
| 20 | 21 | -3.468846524 | 2.081582787 | 0.947525124 | 19 | -3.37053630 | 2.30362834 | 1.11031332 |
| 22 | 17 | -3.851459547 | 2.255103379 | 1.159467168 | 15 | -3.80935900 | 2.65486008 | 1.47021251 |
| 24 | 21 | -3.504720928 | 1.659997270 | 0.755621698 | 18 | -3.44392460 | 2.12983433 | 1.05914169 |
| 26 | 19 | -3.197287705 | 1.938327087 | 0.934243751 | 16 | -2.87058690 | 2.27673229 | 1.21318500 |
| 28 | 18 | -3.335946792 | 1.740250782 | 0.865406354 | 15 | -3.18748760 | 2.09186164 | 1.15843436 |
| 30 | 20 | -3.161455562 | 1.912762605 | 0.895200455 | 17 | -2.90218770 | 2.32751776 | 1.19669921 |
| 32 | 16 | -3.248750141 | 1.808039831 | 0.963436419 | 14 | -2.78068040 | 2.12281950 | 1.22567949 |
| 34 | 17 | -2.883338272 | 1.768368781 | 0.909211330 | 16 | -2.53247060 | 2.00878965 | 1.07040844 |
| 36 | 18 | -3.144814900 | 2.054211457 | 1.021535325 | 15 | -2.54103650 | 2.28342270 | 1.26451735 |
| 38 | 17 | -2.769156086 | 2.067278542 | 1.062896548 | 16 | -2.65224160 | 2.37573614 | 1.26594043 |
| 40 | 18 | -3.155540969 | 1.924739317 | 0.957150344 | 13 | -2.94461660 | 2.26851671 | 1.37085093 |
| 42 | 18 | -3.389196904 | 1.857990580 | 0.923956978 | 15 | -3.05012810 | 2.18102945 | 1.20781385 |
| 44 | 18 | -2.760135665 | 1.400902295 | 0.696652322 | 16 | -2.66876270 | 1.82331201 | 0.97157439 |
| 46 | 13 | -2.904640575 | 1.812002442 | 1.094982117 | 12 | -2.58695030 | 2.08114803 | 1.32229838 |
| 48 | 22 | -2.978645479 | 2.095061589 | 0.928898270 | 19 | -2.83555640 | 2.50823941 | 1.20893270 |
| 50 | 16 | -2.719260844 | 1.725958037 | 0.919698119 | 13 | -2.43448460 | 2.00253304 | 1.21011860 |
| 52 | 15 | -2.231359382 | 1.642031465 | 0.909326716 | 14 | -2.29135180 | 1.99955763 | 1.15451020 |
| 54 | 20 | -1.961834145 | 1.773392569 | 0.829973270 | 16 | -1.73571300 | 1.91909896 | 1.02261565 |
| 56 | 16 | -2.583828452 | 1.690377612 | 0.900738648 | 13 | -2.31511330 | 1.99154065 | 1.20347597 |
| 58 | 17 | -2.073670627 | 2.231655126 | 1.147411189 | 17 | -1.89482710 | 2.56360228 | 1.31808267 |
| 60 | 15 | -2.121890495 | 1.588193067 | 0.879512005 | 12 | -2.01656650 | 1.80146321 | 1.14459512 |
| 62 | 17 | -2.178018930 | 1.697752532 | 0.872903805 | 14 | -1.68359850 | 1.84868330 | 1.06739796 |
| 64 | 18 | -3.077986738 | 1.904133968 | 0.946903545 | 16 | -2.65334490 | 2.33010053 | 1.24162293 |
| 66 | 15 | -3.594421196 | 2.441030562 | 1.351797667 | 13 | -3.20739630 | 3.04147332 | 1.83794393 |
| 68 | 11 | -2.323438278 | 1.980834778 | 1.330742911 | 9 | -1.98426910 | 2.37810654 | 1.82797451 |
| 70 | 15 | -2.652014599 | 2.361339449 | 1.307666200 | 12 | -2.31099020 | 2.90532866 | 1.84595776 |
| 72 | 20 | -2.777416981 | 2.208369871 | 1.033548914 | 17 | -2.64842470 | 2.84170292 | 1.46106882 |
| 74 | 14 | -1.904194194 | 1.276868176 | 0.737241736 | 10 | -1.34837620 | 1.65932132 | 1.18700697 |
| 76 | 13 | -2.893615991 | 1.516103443 | 0.916172141 | 11 | -2.45625410 | 2.38930249 | 1.60515525 |
| 78 | 16 | -2.052294979 | 1.924960216 | 1.025738895 | 14 | -1.46365960 | 2.29622058 | 1.32579829 |
| 80 | 17 | -1.487815017 | 1.627901177 | 0.836989552 | 16 | -1.29228160 | 2.05419201 | 1.09460166 |
| 82 | 16 | -0.580808167 | 1.423170315 | 0.758353930 | 12 | -0.19735300 | 1.69185757 | 1.07495501 |
| 84 | 20 | -0.838398984 | 1.261827176 | 0.590553297 | 17 | -0.60552470 | 1.42017249 | 0.73018532 |
| 86 | 20 | -0.669543469 | 1.875925284 | 0.877960058 | 18 | -0.28456210 | 2.11096783 | 1.04975961 |
| 88 | 17 | -1.434944210 | 1.969001421 | 1.012367115 | 14 | -1.15249730 | 2.38106645 | 1.37478684 |
| 90 | 15 | -1.439050547 | 1.515894645 | 0.839474473 | 13 | -0.68039840 | 1.95060443 | 1.17873846 |
| 92 | 18 | -1.533511797 | 2.190483942 | 1.089302037 | 16 | -1.25048660 | 2.65119323 | 1.41272115 |
| 94 | 19 | -1.400190966 | 1.616583312 | 0.779168215 | 16 | -1.36626050 | 2.04018289 | 1.08713672 |
| 96 | 16 | -1.292481766 | 1.706827690 | 0.909504276 | 14 | -1.09410520 | 2.18374891 | 1.26085908 |
| 98 | 18 | -1.054130961 | 1.726745227 | 0.858690200 | 16 | -0.96860200 | 2.15118498 | 1.14628556 |
| 100 | 16 | -1.157801432 | 1.482862811 | 0.790161816 | 13 | -1.05985320 | 2.04446793 | 1.23545961 |
| 102 | 16 | -0.703991554 | 1.608107327 | 0.856899908 | 14 | -0.23874790 | 1.77314694 | 1.02378456 |
| 104 | 15 | -0.338165697 | 1.531900324 | 0.848338123 | 14 | -0.25444510 | 1.89081078 | 1.09172164 |
| 106 | 16 | -0.742885761 | 1.814410392 | 0.966831051 | 14 | -0.40355210 | 1.96033563 | 1.13186409 |
| 108 | 16 | -0.341120734 | 1.518094560 | 0.808935490 | 15 | -0.27041340 | 1.88656434 | 1.04474451 |
| 110 | 18 | -1.408824541 | 1.197738677 | 0.595621431 | 17 | -1.04336950 | 1.57463112 | 0.80960061 |
| 112 | 17 | -1.155441700 | 1.672864985 | 0.860107809 | 17 | -0.98601090 | 1.99339748 | 1.02491041 |
| 114 | 13 | -1.112891270 | 1.526081685 | 0.922201933 | 13 | -0.85602200 | 1.80178046 | 1.08880504 |
| 116 | 19 | -0.690888977 | 1.531991250 | 0.738396146 | 18 | -0.51212520 | 1.59094130 | 0.79115650 |
| 118 | 9 | -0.169125908 | 1.357859349 | 1.043743091 | 11 | 0.05609069 | 1.24679808 | 0.83761034 |
| 120 | 20 | 0.239088269 | 1.480933271 | 0.693098106 | 18 | 0.63252842 | 1.63598569 | 0.81355654 |
| 122 | 16 | 0.712123979 | 1.659640311 | 0.884359897 | 17 | 0.93243313 | 1.95763595 | 1.00652353 |
| 124 | 15 | 0.851939368 | 1.861899530 | 1.031085592 | 16 | 1.30022549 | 1.98554261 | 1.05802098 |
| 126 | 16 | 1.627384165 | 2.106639670 | 1.122549042 | 16 | 1.89051489 | 2.53778910 | 1.35229236 |
| 128 | 22 | 1.288384605 | 1.453489451 | 0.644441120 | 20 | 1.69569449 | 1.64396940 | 0.76940137 |
| 130 | 23 | 1.101463561 | 2.474894205 | 1.070224509 | 22 | 1.59509597 | 2.73385048 | 1.21212140 |
| 132 | 20 | -0.656514475 | 1.962702775 | 0.918573174 | 19 | -0.23804790 | 2.26696082 | 1.09264014 |
| 134 | 20 | -1.753639312 | 1.614130241 | 0.755436207 | 20 | -1.29230290 | 1.86517110 | 0.87292695 |
| 136 | 23 | -2.794056930 | 1.883934964 | 0.814674570 | 22 | -2.41190050 | 2.02152041 | 0.89629194 |
| 138 | 14 | -2.654257993 | 1.537300577 | 0.887610927 | 11 | -2.62467290 | 1.76998847 | 1.18909443 |
| 140 | 14 | -3.142143027 | 1.980296001 | 1.143388870 | 13 | -3.19838260 | 2.58080592 | 1.55956541 |
| 142 | 14 | -3.626395040 | 1.794241424 | 1.035964155 | 13 | -3.97716490 | 1.99989627 | 1.20852522 |
| 144 | 14 | -1.827476210 | 2.398338178 | 1.384759237 | 15 | -1.87550880 | 2.63257938 | 1.45787386 |
| 146 | 13 | -2.428261792 | 2.519691536 | 1.522634357 | 10 | -2.35591100 | 2.77827965 | 1.98746153 |
| 148 | 12 | -2.755149261 | 2.770816708 | 1.760492945 | 12 | -2.58046180 | 2.78373168 | 1.76869873 |
| 150 | 11 | -1.603123975 | 1.408442941 | 0.946204843 | 10 | -1.46600300 | 1.85843955 | 1.32944757 |
| 152 | 12 | -1.585358204 | 1.952149154 | 1.240336398 | 11 | -1.56439270 | 2.11188357 | 1.41878269 |
| 154 | 9 | -2.574923752 | 2.073312709 | 1.593689226 | 7 | -2.78066570 | 2.40919706 | 2.22813565 |
| 156 | 12 | -2.719716182 | 2.329052340 | 1.479809257 | 11 | -2.30054450 | 2.34695990 | 1.57670911 |
| 158 | 14 | -2.955420138 | 2.209794232 | 1.275897203 | 13 | -2.82708590 | 2.10589303 | 1.27257842 |
| 160 | 15 | -3.604727623 | 1.778868857 | 0.985104738 | 14 | -3.30139070 | 1.77405975 | 1.02431161 |
| 162 | 11 | -3.719658623 | 2.079727865 | 1.397180191 | 9 | -3.62625420 | 2.33383572 | 1.79394494 |
| 164 | 15 | -3.332643113 | 2.220001529 | 1.229395869 | 14 | -3.02777230 | 2.32409202 | 1.34189078 |
| 166 | 11 | -2.544245354 | 3.256462708 | 2.187721415 | 10 | -2.53883890 | 3.79833217 | 2.71716315 |
| 168 | 12 | -2.420017932 | 3.040720899 | 1.931981887 | 9 | -2.02705220 | 3.77063180 | 2.89836417 |
| 170 | 16 | -3.268862872 | 2.657997309 | 1.416346789 | 15 | -3.15869280 | 2.89902988 | 1.60542923 |
| 172 | 10 | -2.483411312 | 2.504601210 | 1.791683772 | 9 | -2.61056960 | 2.82036693 | 2.16792594 |
| 174 | 12 | -1.763717986 | 1.625555100 | 1.032828436 | 11 | -1.70476550 | 1.77503313 | 1.19248349 |
| 176 | 9 | -2.329375515 | 3.025899494 | 2.325912248 | 7 | -2.17874630 | 3.88213035 | 3.59037174 |
| 178 | 12 | -2.529417541 | 2.099324360 | 1.333847062 | 10 | -2.46582560 | 2.14008098 | 1.53092171 |
| 180 | 10 | -2.464048967 | 2.458771850 | 1.758899423 | 7 | -1.59270440 | 2.53329935 | 2.34291113 |
| 182 | 9 | -2.305492044 | 2.911573333 | 2.238033382 | 7 | -2.34974890 | 3.80030739 | 3.51469813 |
| 184 | 12 | -3.130389347 | 2.622653789 | 1.666354718 | 10 | -3.37779130 | 3.07189124 | 2.19749861 |
| 186 | 8 | -3.597885632 | 2.194891453 | 1.834975175 | 5 | -3.22019140 | 3.04881934 | 3.78560922 |
| 188 | 13 | -1.891671367 | 2.182640008 | 1.318956156 | 10 | -1.12037540 | 2.09563337 | 1.49912580 |
| 190 | 11 | -2.583346301 | 2.759890098 | 1.854119397 | 8 | -2.32015100 | 3.30981702 | 2.76707627 |
| 192 | 12 | -1.701130972 | 2.427636604 | 1.542446710 | 9 | -0.96715120 | 3.18129502 | 2.44535983 |
| 194 | 9 | -1.465749634 | 2.821701331 | 2.168951646 | 6 | -0.17061600 | 3.23636336 | 3.39635506 |
| 196 | 13 | -1.326282824 | 2.294953781 | 1.386826690 | 9 | -0.29476460 | 2.65802001 | 2.04313505 |
| 198 | 12 | -0.979550226 | 2.662873621 | 1.691909180 | 9 | -0.20332680 | 3.07210558 | 2.36142939 |
| 200 | 11 | -1.173107901 | 2.087634481 | 1.402491928 | 8 | -0.93568580 | 2.70512990 | 2.26154519 |
| 202 | 13 | -0.598976393 | 1.634776229 | 0.987885388 | 10 | -0.08575900 | 1.75599901 | 1.25616602 |
| 204 | 11 | -0.243080505 | 1.480579098 | 0.994666572 | 7 | 0.23892915 | 1.63401686 | 1.51121355 |
| 206 | 9 | -1.474304006 | 1.827443327 | 1.404697290 | 7 | -1.06848360 | 2.50387565 | 2.31569874 |
| 208 | 7 | -0.709496686 | 2.365058115 | 2.187313940 | 7 | -0.48739820 | 2.95746337 | 2.73519742 |
| 210 | 8 | 0.145243755 | 1.372955005 | 1.147819108 | 5 | 1.17448745 | 1.48133817 | 1.83932428 |