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Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Regnery, Julia (2021): Snow height on sea ice, meteorological conditions and drift of sea ice from autonomous measurements from buoy 2020S109, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset]. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.936343

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Abstract:
Snow height was measured by the Snow Buoy 2020S109, an autonomous platform, installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during MOSAiC (Leg 5) 2019/20. The resulting time series describes the evolution of snow height as a function of place and time between 21 September 2020 and 27 September 2020 in sample intervals of 1 hour. The Snow Buoy consists of four independent acoustic range finder measurements representing the area (approx. 10 m**2) around the buoy. In addition to snow height, geographic position (GPS), barometric pressure, air temperature, and surface temperature were measured. Negative values of snow height occur if surface ablation continues into the sea ice. Thus, these measurements describe the position of the sea ice surface relative to the original snow-ice interface. Differences between single sensors indicate small-scale variability of the snow pack around the buoy.
Keyword(s):
autonomous platform; buoy; drift; snow depth
Funding:
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (AWI), grant/award no. AFMOSAiC-1_00: Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (AWI), grant/award no. AWI_PS122_00: Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate / MOSAiC
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 88.782990 * Median Longitude: 95.902978 * South-bound Latitude: 88.514000 * West-bound Longitude: 84.304800 * North-bound Latitude: 89.006000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.154400
Date/Time Start: 2020-09-21T09:02:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-09-27T22:02:00
Minimum Elevation: -4305.3 m * Maximum Elevation: -4305.3 m
Event(s):
PS122/5_58-106 (2020S109) * Latitude Start: 88.514738 * Longitude Start: 106.188913 * Latitude End: 88.818200 * Longitude End: 84.304800 * Date/Time Start: 2020-09-21T08:45:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-09-27T22:02:00 * Elevation: -4305.3 m * Sensor URI: sensor.awi.de * Location: Arctic Ocean * Campaign: PS122/5 (MOSAiC20192020) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Snow buoy (BUOY_SNOW)
Comment:
The data set has been processed and contains quality flags for different kinds for erroneous data. Flag values are the sum of individual error codes. The value of 0 refers to no error.
Quality flag, position: The geographic position is flagged +1 if the drift velocity, as derived from the GPS longitude and latitude, exceeds a threshold of 10 deg latitude or 50 deg longitude per time step; +2 if the position exceeds extreme values, such as longitude > 360 deg; +4 if the position is exactly 0.0.
Quality flag, snow: The snow height is flagged for each sensor +1 for manual corrections during processing (e.g. sensor issues); +2 if the snow accumulation exceeds 0.1 m per hour; +4 if the difference in snow height is larger than 0.03 m compared to values within the last and next 2 hours; +32 if the value exceeds the height of sensor on the platform at 1.5 m.
Quality flag, temperature: The air temperature is flagged +1 for manual corrections during processing (e.g. sensor issues); + 32 if the value is below – 50 °C.
Quality flag, pressure: The barometric pressure is flagged +1 for manual corrections during processing (e.g. sensor issues).
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeNicolaus, MarcelGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeNicolaus, MarcelGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeNicolaus, MarcelGeocode
Snow heightSnow hmNicolaus, MarcelSensor 1
Snow heightSnow hmNicolaus, MarcelSensor 2
Snow heightSnow hmNicolaus, MarcelSensor 3
Snow heightSnow hmNicolaus, MarcelSensor 4
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNicolaus, Marcel
Temperature, airTTT°CNicolaus, Marcel
10 Temperature, technicalT tech°CNicolaus, MarcelEquipment body
11 Global positioning system, time since last fixGPS TSLFminNicolaus, Marcel
12 Quality flag, snow heightQF snow hNicolaus, MarcelSensor 1
13 Quality flag, snow heightQF snow hNicolaus, MarcelSensor 2
14 Quality flag, snow heightQF snow hNicolaus, MarcelSensor 3
15 Quality flag, snow heightQF snow hNicolaus, MarcelSensor 4
16 Quality flag, atmospheric pressureQF atmos pressNicolaus, Marcel
17 Quality flag, air temperatureQF air tempNicolaus, Marcel
18 Quality flag, technical temperatureQF T techNicolaus, MarcelEquipment body
19 Quality flag, positionQF posNicolaus, Marcel
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC) * Processing Level: PANGAEA data processing level 2 (ProcLevel2)
Size:
2528 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

Snow h [m]
(Sensor 1)

Snow h [m]
(Sensor 2)

Snow h [m]
(Sensor 3)

Snow h [m]
(Sensor 4)

PPPP [hPa]

TTT [°C]
10 
T tech [°C]
(Equipment body)
11 
GPS TSLF [min]
12 
QF snow h
(Sensor 1)
13 
QF snow h
(Sensor 2)
14 
QF snow h
(Sensor 3)
15 
QF snow h
(Sensor 4)
16 
QF atmos press
17 
QF air temp
18 
QF T tech
(Equipment body)
19 
QF pos
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2020-09-27T15:02:0088.864685.54740.010.070.200.12986.4-2.9-0.603202320000
2020-09-27T16:02:0088.857885.38240.010.070.170.12986.7-2.8-0.603202320000
2020-09-27T17:02:0088.850685.21700.010.070.530.12987.1-3.1-0.603202320000
2020-09-27T18:03:0088.843485.05020.010.070.290.12987.5-3.1-0.603202320000
2020-09-27T19:02:0088.836484.88100.010.070.710.12987.7-3.1-0.603202320000
2020-09-27T20:02:0088.830284.69740.010.070.090.12988.1-2.7-0.603200320000
2020-09-27T21:02:0088.824284.50420.010.070.080.12988.2-2.5-0.603200320000
2020-09-27T22:02:0088.818284.30480.010.070.080.12988.6-2.6-0.603200320000